Inhibitory effect of snake venom toxin from Vipera lebetina turanica on hormone-refractory human prostate cancer cell growth: induction of apoptosis through inactivation of nuclear factor kappaB.

Son, Dong Ju,Park, Mi Hee,Chae, Sang Jin,Moon, Soon Ok,Lee, Jae Woong,Song, Ho Sueb,Moon, Dong Cheul,Kang, Sang Sun,Kwon, Young Ee,Hong, Jin Tae American Association for Cancer Research, Inc 2007 Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Vol.6 No.2

<P>We investigated whether the snake venom toxin (SVT) from Vipera lebetina turanica inhibits cell growth of human prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and also studied possible signaling pathways involved in this cell death. SVT inhibited growth of PC-3 and DU145 cells, androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, but not LNCaP cells, a human androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell. Cells were arrested in the G(2)-M phase by SVT with a concomitant decrease in the expression of the G(2)-M phase regulatory protein cyclin B1 and were also arrested in the G(1)-S phase with decreasing expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D1 and cyclin E. In addition to the growth-inhibitory effect, SVT increased the induction of apoptotic cell death. Untreated PC-3 cells show high DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), an antiapoptotic transcriptional factor, but this was inhibited by SVT and accompanied by a significant inhibition of p50 translocation into the nucleus, as well as phosphorylation of inhibitory kappaB. Consistent with the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of NF-kappaB, this toxin increased the expression of proapoptotic proteins such as p53, Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9, but down-regulated antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. However, SVT did not show an inhibitory effect on cell growth and caspase-3 activity in cells carrying mutant p50 and inhibitory kappaB kinase plasmids. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that SVT is taken up into the nucleus of the cells. These findings suggest that a nanogram concentration range of SVT from V. lebetina turanica could inhibit hormone-refractory human prostate cancer cell growth, and the effect may be related to NF-kappaB signal-mediated induction of apoptosis.</P>

Effects of dietary acetaminophen, vitamin C and thioctic acid supplements on stress responses in mice vaccinated with foot-and-mouth disease vaccine

김진경,Song-Ee Son,Won-Seok Chae,Suk Kim,이후장 한국예방수의학회 2022 예방수의학회지 Vol.46 No.3

This study evaluated the effect of a combination of acetaminophen (AAP), vitamin C (VC) and thioctic acid (TA) on reducing serum cortisol concentrations in mice with foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccination. For 5 days from 3 days before FMD vaccination to 2 days after vaccination, mice were orally administered with AAP 600 mg/kg feed (n=25, AAPT), combination of AAP 600 mg and VC 200 mg per kg feed (n=25, AVCT) and combination of AAP 600 mg, VC 200 mg and TA 20 mg per kg feed (n=25, AVTT), respectively. From day 1 to day 7 after FMD vaccination, the cortisol concentration of all groups treated with the drug was significantly decreased compared to that of the positive control group with FMD vaccination (p<0.05). In conclusion, the combined treatment of AAP, VC and TA was the most effective in relieving stress from FMD vaccination compared to the single treatment.

Size-dependent effects of graphene oxide on the osteogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Kang, Ee-Seul,Song, Inbeom,Kim, Da-Seul,Lee, Ukjae,Kim, Jang-Kyo,Son, Hyungbin,Min, Junhong,Kim, Tae-Hyung Elsevier 2018 Colloids and surfaces Biointerfaces Vol.169 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Graphene derivatives are known to be suitable for biomedical applications, especially for stem cell-based therapies. Herein, we report the size effects of graphene oxide (GO) on differentiation of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs), using micro-sized (MGO) and nano-sized graphene oxide (NGO) sheets. The MGO and NGO sheets having lateral sizes of 1–10 μm and 100–300 nm, respectively, are coated on glass substrates by drop casting. The hADMSCs grown on the MGO-coated substrates show enhanced cell spreading and proliferation rate when compared with those of NGO counterpart, regardless of their densities. The GO size-dependency of hADMSCs becomes more prominent when it comes to their differentiation capabilities. After 4 weeks of differentiation under the same culture conditions, the osteogenesis of hADMSCs grown on the MGO-coated substrate is particularly higher than that on the NGO-coated substrate. The difference in osteogenic differentiation of hADMSCs is found to be most dominant after 21–28 days of differentiation according to the calcification level of osteoblasts. These finding signify the importance of graphene size in controlling the osteogenesis of hADMSCs, which may shed new insight into the use of graphene-based materials for stem cell research and therapy.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effects of physical sizes of GO on stem cell differentiation are highly important. </LI> <LI> Nano- and Micro-sized GO were uniformly coated on substrates for cell cultivation. </LI> <LI> Micro-sized GO was better for adhesion, spreading and growth of hADMSCs. </LI> <LI> Micro-sized GO was better for enhancing osteogenesis of hADMSCs. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Evaluation of antibacterial effect against major food poisoning bacteria and skin irritation test of Curcuma aromatica Salisb. extract

Dayoung Lee,Song-Ee Son,Suk Kim,Hu-Jang Lee 한국예방수의학회 2020 예방수의학회지 Vol.44 No.3

This study investigated the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus (S.) aureus, Salmonella (S.) typhimurium and Escherichia (E.) coli O157:H7, and skin irritation in New Zealand white rabbits using methanol extracts of Curcuma (C.) aromatica Salisb. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of C. aromatica extracts against S. aureus, S. typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 was 0.250, 0.250 and 0.125 mg/ml, respectively, and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts against S. aureus, S. typhimurium and E. coli O157:H7 was 0.50, 0.50, 0.250 mg/ml, correspondingly. From the skin irritation test, extremely minor erythema and very slight edema were formed at 24 h after application of the extracts on the skin on abraded lesions of 2 and 1 rabbits, respectively. The primary irritation index score was estimated to be 0.13 indicating non-irritation. In conclusion, this study suggests that C. aromatica extract has the antibacterial activity against major food-borne pathogens and is not irritant to skin.

Phase II trial of preoperative sequential chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy for high-risk gastric cancer

Kim, Hyo Song,Koom, Woong Sub,Baek, Song-Ee,Kim, Hyoung-Il,Jung, Minkyu,Beom, Seung-Hoon,Kang, Beodeul,Kim, Hyunki,Chang, Jee Suk,Choi, Yoon Young,Son, Taeil,Cheong, Jae-Ho,Noh, Sung Hoon,Kim, Eun Hye Elsevier Science Publishers 2019 Radiotherapy and oncology Vol.140 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background and purpose</B></P> <P>To evaluate the safety and efficacy of preoperative chemotherapy (CTx) followed by chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for high-risk gastric cancer (GC).</P> <P><B>Methods and materials</B></P> <P>The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) Borrmann type 4; (2) large Borrmann type 3 (≥8 cm); (3) single bulky (≥3 cm × 1) or multiple lymph nodes (≥1.5 cm × 3). Patients received two 21-day courses of induction CTx of TS-1 (35 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>, p.o, twice daily on days 1–14), docetaxel (30 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>, i.v., days 1 and 8), and cisplatin (30 mg/m<SUP>2</SUP>, i.v., days 1 and 8) followed by CCRT (two courses of TS-1 and cisplatin in combination with 45 Gy radiation).</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Forty-two patients were enrolled between March 2014 and February 2016, and 39 of these completed sequential CTx and CCRT. Among the 33 patients who underwent R0 resection, the pathologic response rate was 39.4% [no residual carcinoma (<I>n</I> = 5, 15.2%), with 1–10% residual carcinoma (<I>n</I> = 8, 24.2%)]. Overall, 4 patients (12.1%) were pathologic stage 0, 7 (21.2%) were stage I, 10 (30.3%) were stage II, and 12 (36.4%) were stage III. The overall survival rate at 3 years was 77.9% for stages 0 and I, 66.8% for stages II–III, and 33.3% for unresectable cases (<I>P</I> = 0.001). Toxicity was mild to moderate with grade 4 neutropenia (<I>n</I> = 1) and neutropenic fever (<I>n</I> = 1) as the most prominent side-effects.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Sequential CTx and CCRT prior to surgery are feasible and effective for high-risk GC.</P> <P>Trial registration number: NCT02495493.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A complex preoperative staging was adopted for high-risk GC. </LI> <LI> We adopted an intensive, weekly-split, triplet regimen with favorable toxicities. </LI> <LI> Induction chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy indicate a promising outcome. </LI> </UL> </P>

Bactericidal Efficacy of a Fumigation Disinfectant Containing Paraformaldehyde Against Salmonella Typhimurium

Chun-Nam Cha,Song-Ee Son,Ji-Youn Jung,Chang-Yeul Yoo,Eun-Kee Park,Suk Kim,Hu-Jang Lee 한국식품위생안전성학회 2016 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.31 No.3

본 연구는 S. Typhimurium을 대상으로 paraformaldehyde 35%를 함유한 훈증소독제의 살균효과를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 예비 시험에서, S. Typhimurium의 현탁액 균수는 모두 3.9 × 108CFU/mL이었으며, 훈증소독제에 노출시킨 모든 담체의 균수는 평판배지법과 여과법으로 배양한 시험균주 현탁액의 균수의 50%보다 많았다. 또한, 대조담체로부터 회복된 S. Typhimurium 균수는 모두 3.3 × 106 CFU/mL이었다. 훈증소독제의 살균효과 시험에서는, 훈증소독제를 처리한 담체의 S. Typhimurium의 감소 균수는 5.22 log CFU/mL로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터, paraformaldehyde를 주성분으로 하는 훈증소독제는 S. Typhimurium에 대해 효과적인 살균력을 갖는 것으로 확인되었으며, 병원성 세균에 오염된 식품재료 및 주방용품의 소독에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. This study was performed to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of a fumigation disinfectant containing 35% paraformaldehyde against Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). In this study, the efficacy test of a fumigant against S. Typhimurium was carried out according to French standard NF T 72-281. The S. Typhimurium working culture suspension number (N value), all bacteria numbers on the carriers exposed to the fumigant (n1, n2, and n3), the number of bacterial suspensions by the pour plate method (N1), the number of bacterial suspensions by the filter membrane method (N2), and the mean number of bacteria recovered on the control carriers (T value), were obtained from the preliminary test. In addition, the reduction number of S. Typhimurium exposed to the fumigant (d value) was calculated using the T value, the mean number of bacteria in the recovery solution (n'1) and the mean number of bacteria on carriers plated in agar (n'2). The N value was 5.5 × 108 colony forming units (CFU)/mL, and n1, n2, and n3 were higher than 0.5N1, 0.5N2 and 0.5N1, respectively. Additionally, the T value was 3.5 × 106 CFU/carrier. In terms of the bactericidal effect of the fumigant, the d value was 5.25. According to the French standard for fumigants, the d value for an effective bactericidal fumigant should be greater than 5. The results indicated that the fumigant containing 35% paraformaldehyde had an efficient bactericidal activity against S. Typhimurium, and, therefore, can be used to disinfect food materials and kitchen appliances contaminated with foodborne bacteria.

Bactericidal Efficacy of a Fumigation Disinfectant Containing Paraformaldehyde Against Salmonella Typhimurium

Cha, Chun-Nam,Son, Song-Ee,Yoo, Chang-Yeul,Park, Eun-Kee,Jung, Ji-Youn,Kim, Suk,Lee, Hu-Jang The Korean Society of Food Hygiene and Safety 2016 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.31 No.3

본 연구는 S. Typhimurium을 대상으로 paraformaldehyde 35%를 함유한 훈증소독제의 살균효과를 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 예비 시험에서, S. Typhimurium의 현탁액 균수는 모두 $3.9{\times}10^8CFU/mL$이었으며, 훈증소독제에 노출시킨 모든 담체의 균수는 평판배지법과 여과법으로 배양한 시험균주 현탁액의 균수의 50%보다 많았다. 또한, 대조 담체로부터 회복된 S. Typhimurium 균수는 모두 $3.3{\times}10^6CFU/mL$이었다. 훈증소독제의 살균효과 시험에서는, 훈증 소독제를 처리한 담체의 S. Typhimurium의 감소 균수는 5.22 log CFU/mL로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터, paraformaldehyde를 주성분으로 하는 훈증소독제는 S. Typhimurium에 대해 효과적인 살균력을 갖는 것으로 확인되었으며, 병원성 세균에 오염된 식품재료 및 주방용품의 소독에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. This study was performed to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of a fumigation disinfectant containing 35% paraformaldehyde against Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). In this study, the efficacy test of a fumigant against S. Typhimurium was carried out according to French standard NF T 72-281. The S. Typhimurium working culture suspension number (N value), all bacteria numbers on the carriers exposed to the fumigant (n1, n2, and n3), the number of bacterial suspensions by the pour plate method (N1), the number of bacterial suspensions by the filter membrane method (N2), and the mean number of bacteria recovered on the control carriers (T value), were obtained from the preliminary test. In addition, the reduction number of S. Typhimurium exposed to the fumigant (d value) was calculated using the T value, the mean number of bacteria in the recovery solution (n'1) and the mean number of bacteria on carriers plated in agar (n'2). The N value was $5.5{\times}10^8$ colony forming units (CFU)/mL, and n1, n2, and n3 were higher than 0.5N1, 0.5N2 and 0.5N1, respectively. Additionally, the T value was $3.5{\times}10^6CFU/carrier$. In terms of the bactericidal effect of the fumigant, the d value was 5.25. According to the French standard for fumigants, the d value for an effective bactericidal fumigant should be greater than 5. The results indicated that the fumigant containing 35% paraformaldehyde had an efficient bactericidal activity against S. Typhimurium, and, therefore, can be used to disinfect food materials and kitchen appliances contaminated with foodborne bacteria.

방사선에 의한 난포 퇴축과 난포 대식세포에 관한 형태학적 연구

송근일 ( Keun Il Song ),노흥태 ( Heung Tae Noh ),이윤이 ( Yun Ee Rhee ),손성경 ( Sung Kyong Son ),김원식 ( Won Sik Kim ),김수일 ( Su Il Kim ) 대한산부인과학회 2004 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.47 No.10

목적 : 방사선이 난포 퇴축을 일으키는 난포과립층세포들에 미치는 영향과 난포내 대식세포의 일부역할을 형태학적으로 살펴보기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다. 연구 방법 : 3주령의 Sprague-Dawley계 흰쥐를 실험동물로 8 Gy의 방사선을 조사하고, 조사 후 6시간, 12시간 및 24시간에 각각 희생하여 난소를 채취하고 통상적인 방법으로 처리한 후 광학현미경적 및 투과전자현미경적 관찰, TUNEL 및 대식세포 면역조직화학을 실시하였다. 결과 : 1) 방 Objective : It is well known that X-ray induces follicular atresia, but the exact mechanism of atresia is not still unveiled completely. In addition, the role of macrophage related with clean-up the dead granulosa cells and other functions within the ovar

2014~2016년 동안 경남지역 소규모 급수시설에 대한 건강 위해성 평가 연구

박주원(Ju-Won Park),손송이(Song-Ee Son),이후장(Hu-Jang Lee) 한국환경보건학회 2018 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.44 No.3

Objectives: This study was investigated the characteristics of small-scale water works (SWW) in Gyeongnam area and conduct a health risk assessment of water-quality inspection items unfitted for water-quality standards (WQS). Methods: The characteristics of SWW in Gyeongnam province were analyzed using the data of SWW in the last three years (2014~2016) published in National Waterworks Information System. In addition, the health risk assessment for inspection items unfitted for WQS was carried out in four steps: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Results: The total number of SWW in Gyeongnam area was gradually decreased from 2014 to 2016. In addition, drinking water sources of SWW were in the order of ground water, valley water, spring water, surface water, and river-bed water. The number of points unfitted for WQS in SWW by year was 22, 45, and 18 in 2014, 2015, and 2016, respectively, and a total of 112 points were found to unfit for WQS in SWW during 2014?2016. The hazard quotient (HQ) for fluoride, nitrate nitrogen, boron in the unfitted points for WQS was more than 1.0, and the mean values f or turbidity and color in points unfitted for WQS were 2.38 nephelometric turbidity unit and 16.25 color unit, respectively. Conclusions: The HQ for fluorine, nitrate nitrogen and boron was more than 1.0 in points unfitted for WQS among SWW in Gyeongnam area, and the turbidity and the color degree exceeded WQS, which mean that there is a possibility of harmful impacts on the human health.

Antimicrobial Efficacies of Citra-Kill^®, Disinfectant Solution against Salmonella Typhimurium and Brucella Ovis

Cha, Chun-Nam,Lee, Yeo-Eun,Son, Song-Ee,Yoo, Chang-Yeul,Kim, Suk,Lee, Hu-Jang Korean Society of Environmental Health 2011 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.37 No.6

Salmonellosis and brucellosis have caused a considerable danger of farmed animals and economic loss in animal farming industry. In this study, the disinfection efficacy of Citra-Kill$^{(R)}$, a commercial disinfectant, composed to quaternary ammonium chloride and citric acid was evaluated against S. typhimurium and Brucella ovis. A bactericidal efficacy test by broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective dilution of the disinfectant following exposure to test bacteria for 30 min at $4^{\circ}C$. Citra-Kill$^{(R)}$ and test bacteria were diluted with distilled water (DW), hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) according to treatment condition. On OM condition, the bactericidal activity of Citra-Kill$^{(R)}$ against S. typhimurium and Brucella ovis was lowered compared to that on HW condition. As Citra-Kill$^{(R)}$ possesses bactericidal efficacy against animal pathogenic bacteria such as S. typhimurium and Brucella ovis, this disinfectant solution can be used to control the spread of animal bacterial diseases.