Exploring Minecraft as a Tool for Learning in the K-12 Classroom

Sean Ward(신워드),Youngkyun Baek(백영균) 한국컴퓨터교육학회 2020 컴퓨터교육학회 논문지 Vol.23 No.5

본 논문은 실제의 교실에서 마인크래프트를 활용한 논문을 탐색하여 그 활용의 의미를 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해서 저자들은 교실에서 마인크래프트의 사용에 관해 연구한 문헌을 탐색하였고, 교사들이 이 게임을 학생들의 학습 경험을 위해 어떻게 통합했는지에 대한 사례를 검토하였다. 한편 게임에 대한 교사의 생각과 경험을 알아보기 위한 조사를 병행하였다. 데이터베이스 검색을 통해 수집된 문헌을 분석하여 저자들은 마인크래프트를 교육의 도구로 활용하여 학생들의 참여와 동기부여를 증가시켰음을 제시하였다. 마인크래프트의 개방성은 과학교과를 포함한 여러 교과에서 다양한 학습의 맥락에 맞추어 학습자들이 몰입되는 환경을 제공하고 있음을 사례들은 보고하고 있다. 마인크래프트를 성공적으로 학습에 통합하고 그 경험을 보급하기 위한 경험적인 연구가 축적되어야 한다. 특히 마인크래프트와 같은 샌드박스 게임으로 교사가 학습자의 학습을 도와주는 방법 및 전략을 개발할 수 있도록 많은 사례연구가 이루어져야 할 것이다. This paper aims to explore literature of Minecraft integration in real classrooms. Thus, the authors focused on the synthesis of literature on the use of Minecraft in the classroom and sought to learn real-world classroom examples of how teachers have integrated this game into their learning experiences. A survey was also conducted to explore teachers’ thoughts and experiences with the game itself. Through the analysis of the collected articles, the authors report that utilizing Minecraft as an educational tool can lead to increased engagement and motivation for the students involved. Minecraft’s openness allows for tailoring learning experiences to various contexts, including the science classroom. Further study is warranted in this area for teachers to continue to learn about and document successful integration of Minecraft into their classroom teaching. It is proposed that more empirical studies should be done to increase the available amount of literature on this topic, especially regarding teacher experiences in learning how to utilize Sandbox games like Minecraft.

Irish Apple Heritage Collection

Sean Mac an tSaoir,Frances Ward,Colin Fleming,John Saulters 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Exploring Teachers' Perceptions and Practices of Game-Based Learning: Factors, Barriers, and Professional Development

Youngkyun Baek,Sean Ward 제주대학교 지능소프트웨어 교육연구소 2023 지능정보융합과 미래교육 Vol.2 No.3

본 연구는 교사들이 교실에서 디지털 게임을 사용하는 결정에 영향을 미치는 요인, 게임 기반 학습 (GBL)에 대한 지식과 인식, 그리고 전문성개발의 역할을 연구하였다. 설문 기반의 동시성 내재 연구 디자인을 활용하여 133명의 K-12 교육자가 참여하였다. 연구의 결 과, 교사들의 대부분이 이미 교실에서 디지털 게임을 사용하며, 매일 사용하는 교사도 약 18.8%에 이르고 있었다. 그러나 제한된 시간, 수업 관리의 문제, 그리고 교사의 지식 부족과 같은 장애요인으로 인해 GBL의 확산적 사용이 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 장애요 인을 극복하기 위해서는 표적 지향적 전문성 개발이 필수적이다. 잘 설계된 전문성 개발은 게임 통합, 적극적 학습, 협업, 지속적 지원 에 초점을 맞춰야 한다. 교사들에게 자료, 수업 계획, 실습 기회를 제공하는 전문성 개발을 하여 디지털 게임을 효과적으로 교육에 통합 할 수 있도록 도울 수 있다. 이러한 장애요인을 극복함으로써 교실에서 디지털 게임의 사용이 증가할 수 있으며 학습은 더욱 매력적, 흥 미유발적, 그리고 효과적으로 이루어질 수 있을 것이다. This study examines the factors influencing teachers' decisions to use digital games in the classroom, their knowledge and perception of game-based learning (GBL), and the role of professional development in enhancing game integration. Utilizing a survey-based concurrent embedded research design, 133 K-12 educators participated in the study. The findings reveal that 86.8% of educators already use digital games in their classrooms, with 18.8% using them daily. However, perceived barriers, such as limited time, classroom management concerns, and lack of teacher knowledge, hinder broader implementation of GBL. To address these barriers, targeted professional development is essential. Well-designed professional development should focus on game integration, active learning, collaboration, and ongoing support. By providing resources, lesson plans, and opportunities to practice, professional development can empower educators to effectively integrate digital games into their instruction. Overcoming these obstacles can lead to increased usage of digital games in the classroom, making learning more engaging, fun, and effective for students.

비골을 이용한 3차원적 하악골 재건 시 가상모의수술 및 입체조형기법을 이용한 골절단 가이드의 활용: 증례보고

Nam, Woong,Makhoul, Nicholas,Ward, Brent,Helman, Joseph I.,Edwards, Sean 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2012 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.34 No.5

The osseous or osteocutaneous free fibula flap has become the gold standard for most mandibular reconstructions because of its favorable osseous characteristics. However, disadvantages, such as the time-consuming reconstructive step, difficulty in performing the osteotomies to precisely recreate the shape of the missing segment of mandible and poor bone-to-bone contact play a role in making the surgeons look for alternative flaps. With the advent of computerized design software, which accurately plans complex 3-dimensional reconstructions, has become a process that is more efficient and precise. However, the ability to transfer the computerized plan into the surgical field with stereolithographic models and guides has been a significant development in advancing reconstruction in the maxillofacial regions. The ability to "pre-plan" the case, mirror and superimpose natural structures into diseased and deformed areas, as well as the ability to reproduce these plans with good surgical precision has decreased overall operative time, and has helped facilitate functional and esthetic reconstruction. We describe a complex case treated with this technique, showing the power and elegance of computer assisted maxillofacial reconstruction from the University of Michigan, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

[지상20]소화관 폐쇄조건의 제거에 따른 Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) 및 slow wave의 회복

장인엽,윤상필,김종중,문정석,전제열,Sean M Ward 대한체질인류학회 2002 대한체질인류학회 학술대회 연제 초록 Vol.45 No.-

Review : The Significance of Interstitial Cells in Neurogastroenterology

( Peter J Blair ),( Poong Lyul Rhee ),( Kenton M Sanders ),( Sean M Ward ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2014 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.20 No.3

Smooth muscle layers of the gastrointestinal tract consist of a heterogeneous population of cells that include enteric neurons, several classes of interstitial cells of mesenchymal origin, a variety of immune cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Over the last number of years the complexity of the interactions between these cell types has begun to emerge. For example, interstitialcells, consisting of both interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha-positive (PDGFRα+) cellsgenerate pacemaker activity throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and also transduce enteric motor nerve signals and mechanosensitivityto adjacent SMCs. ICC and PDGFRα+ cells are electrically coupled to SMCs possibly via gap junctions forminga multicellular functional syncytium termed the SIP syncytium. Cells that make up the SIP syncytium are highly specialized containingunique receptors, ion channels and intracellular signaling pathways that regulate the excitability of GI muscles. Theunique role of these cells in coordinating GI motility is evident by the altered motility patterns in animal models where interstitialcell networks are disrupted. Although considerable advances have been made in recent years on our understanding of the roles of these cells within the SIP syncytium, the full physiological functions of these cells and the consequences of the irdisruption in GI muscles have not been clearly defined. This review gives a synopsis of the history of interstitial cell discovery and highlights recent advances in structural, molecular expression and functional roles of these cells in the GI tract.

Bone Marrow Derived Kit-positive Cells Colonize the Gut but Fail to Restore Pacemaker Function in Intestines Lacking Interstitial Cells of Cajal

( Conor J Mccann ),( Sung Jin Hwang ),( Grant W Hennig ),( Sean M Ward ),( Kenton M Sanders ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2014 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.20 No.3

Background/Aims Several motility disorders are associated with disruption of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), which provide important functions, such as pacemaker activity, mediation of neural inputs and responses to stretch in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Restoration of ICC networks may be therapeutic for GI motor disorders. Recent reports have suggested that Kit+ cells can be restored to the GI tract via bone marrow (BM) transplantation. We tested whether BM derived cells can lead to generation of functional activity in intestines naturally lacking ICC. Methods BM cells from Kit+/copGFP mice, in which ICC are labeled with a green fluorescent protein, were transplanted into W/WV intestines, lacking ICC. After 12 weeks the presence of ICC was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and functional analysis of electrical behavior and contractile properties. Results After 12 weeks copGFP+ BM derived cells were found within the myenteric region of intestines from W/WV mice, typically populated by ICC. Kit+ cells failed to develop interconnections typical of ICC in the myenteric plexus. The presence of Kit+ cells was verified with Western analysis. BM cells failed to populate the region of the deep muscular plexus where normal ICC density, associated with the deep muscular plexus, is found in W/WV mice. Engraftment of Kit+-BM cells resulted in the development of unitary potentials in transplanted muscles, but slow wave activity failed to develop. Motility analysis showed that intestinal movements in transplanted animals were abnormal and similar to untransplanted W/WV intestines. Conclusions BM derived Kit+ cells colonized the gut after BM transplantation, however these cells failed to develop the morphology and function of mature ICC. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;20:326-337)

Regulation of Gastric Electrical and Mechanical Activity by Cholinesterases in Mice

( Amy A Worth ),( Abigail S Forrest ),( Lauren E Peri ),( Sean M Ward ),( Grant W Hennig ),( Kenton M Sanders ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2015 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.21 No.2

Background/Aims Gastric peristalsis begins in the orad corpus and propagates to the pylorus. Directionality of peristalsis depends upon orderly generation and propagation of electrical slow waves and a frequency gradient between proximal and distal pacemakers. We sought to understand how chronotropic agonists affect coupling between corpus and antrum. Methods Electrophysiological and imaging techniques were used to investigate regulation of gastric slow wave frequency by muscarinic agonists in mice. We also investigated the expression and role of cholinesterases in regulating slow wave frequency and motor patterns in the stomach. Results Both acetycholinesterase (Ache) and butyrylcholine esterase (Bche) are expressed in gastric muscles and AChE is localized to varicose processes of motor neurons. Inhibition of AChE in the absence of stimulation increased slow wave frequency in corpus and throughout muscle strips containing corpus and antrum. CCh caused depolarization and increased slow wave frequency. Stimulation of cholinergic neurons increased slow wave frequency but did not cause depolarization. Neostigmine (1 μM) increased slow wave frequency, but uncoupling between corpus and antrum was not detected. Motility mapping of contractile activity in gastric muscles showed similar effects of enteric nerve stimulation on the frequency and propagation of slow waves, but neostigmine (> 1 μM) caused aberrant contractile frequency and propagation and ectopic pacemaking. Conclusions Our data show that slow wave uncoupling is difficult to assess with electrical recording from a single or double sites and suggest that efficient metabolism of ACh released from motor neurons is an extremely important regulator of slow wave frequency and propagation and gastric motility patterns. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015;21:200-216)

Responses to Enteric Motor Neurons in the Gastric Fundus of Mice With Reduced Intramuscular Interstitial Cells of Cajal

( Kenton M Sanders ),( Anna K Salte ),( Grant W Hennig ),( Sang Don Koh ),( Brian A Perrino ),( Sean M Ward ),( Salah A Baker ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2014 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.20 No.2

Background/Aims Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) play important functions in motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract. The role of ICC as pacemakers is well established, however their participation in neurotransmission is controversial. Studies using mutant animals that lack ICC have yielded variable conclusions on their importance in enteric motor responses. The purpose of this study was to: (1) clarify the role of intramuscular ICC (ICC-IM) in gastric motor-neurotransmission and (2) evaluate remodeling of enteric motor responses in W/WV mice. Methods Kit immunohistochemistry and post-junctional contractile responses were performed on fundus muscles from wild type and W/WV mice and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to evaluate differences in muscarinic and neurokinin receptor expression. Results Although ICC-IM were greatly reduced in comparison with wild-type mice, we found that ICC-IM persisted in the fundus of many W/WV animals. ICC-IM were not observed in W/WV group 1 (46%) but were observed in W/WV group 2 (40%). Evoked neural responses consisted of excitatory and inhibitory components. The inhibitory component (nitrergic) was absent in W/WV group 1 and reduced in W/WV group 2. Enhanced excitatory responses (cholinergic) were observed in both W/WV groups and qPCR revealed that muscarinic-M3 receptor expression was significantly augmented in the W/WV fundus compared to wild type controls. Conclusions This study demonstrates that ICC-IM mediate nitrergic inhibitory neurotransmission in the fundus and provides evidence of plasticity changes in neuronal responses that may explain discrepancies in previous functional studies which utilized mutant animals to examine the role of ICC-IM in gastric enteric motor responses. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;20:171-184)