Carvacrol improves blood lipid and glucose in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating short-chain fatty acids and the GPR41/43 pathway

Sun Yan,Qu Hai,Niu Xiaohong,Li Ting,Wang Lijuan,Peng Hairui 대한약리학회 2024 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.28 No.1

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. Carvacrol (CAR) has demonstrated the potential to mitigate dyslipidemia. This study aims to investigate whether CAR can modulate blood glucose and lipid levels in a T2DM rat model by regulating short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and the GPR41/43 pathway. The T2DM rat model was induced by a high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozocin injection and treated with oral CAR and/or mixed antibiotics. Fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance, and insulin tolerance tests were assessed. Serum lipid parameters, hepatic and renal function indicators, tissue morphology, and SCFAs were measured. In vitro, high glucose (HG)-induced IEC-6 cells were treated with CAR, and optimal CAR concentration was determined. HG-induced IEC-6 cells were treated with SCFAs or/and GPR41/43 agonists. CAR significantly reduced blood lipid and glucose levels, improved tissue damage, and increased SCFA levels in feces and GPR41/43 expression in colonic tissues of T2DM rats. CAR also at tenuated HG-induced apoptosis of IEC-6 cells and enhanced GPR41/43 expression. Overall, these findings suggest that CAR alleviates blood lipid and glucose abnormalities in T2DM rats by modulating SCFAs and the GPR41/43 pathway.

Bi-Directional Wireless Power Transfer for Vehicle-to-Grid Systems

Sun, Yue,Jiang, Cheng,Wang, Zhihui,Xiang, Lijuan,Zhang, Huan The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.4

A current sourced bi-directional wireless power transfer (WPT) system is proposed to solve the problems that exist in the bi-directional WPT for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems. These problems include the fact that these systems are not safe enough, the output power is limited and the control methods are complicated. Firstly, the proposed system adopts two different compensation and control methods on both the primary and secondary sides. Secondly, based on an AC impedance analysis, the working principle is analyzed and the parameter configuration method with frequency stability is given. In order to output a constant voltage, a bi-directional DC/DC circuit and a controllable rectifier bridge are adopted, which are based on the "constant primary current, constant secondary voltage" control strategy. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed methods are verified by experimental results.

Partial Purification and Quantification of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I from Red Deer Antler

LiJuan Gu,Eunkyoung Mo(모은경),ZheMing Fang,BaiShen Sun,XueMei Zhu,Changkeun Sung(성창근) 한국생명과학회 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.10

사슴 뿔은 동물세계에서 가장 빨리 성장하는 조직이다. 따라서 성장중인 사슴 뿔은 뼈 성장을 촉진하는 인자가 풍부하게 포함된 것으로 생각된다. 이들 성장인자들 중 IGF-1은 뼈를 자라게 하는 조골세포의 대사에 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있어 이를 정제하고자 하였다. IGF-1의 정제는 상대라고 불리는 신선한 사슴 뿔을 유안침전, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B 이온교환수지, CM-Sepharose CL-6B 양이온교환수지, Sephadex G-50의 순차적인 방법으로 할 수 있었다. 각 과정마다 IGF-1의 거동을 HPLC, SDS-PAGE, Dot blot, 그리고 western blot으로 분석하였다. IGF-1의 정량은 ELISA기술로 재조합 인간 IGF-1을 이용하여 계산되었으며, 최종 분별 액은 두 개의 단백질을 보였으나, Western-blot에서 작은 분자량인 12 kDa으로 최종 판명할 수 있었다. 정제된 단백질은 HPLC에서 retention 시간 8분만에 검출되었으며, 총 농도는 2910 ng/㎖ 이고 중량은 0.291 g 이었다. Deer antler tissue contains the most rapidly growing bone in the animal kingdom. Thus, it is likely that growing antler tissue is a rich source of local paracrine bone-stimulating factors. Growth factors, at least the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), control the bone-remodelling process. In this study, we tried to isolate and purify IGF-I from fresh antler tissue by the routine isolation and purification of protein. The purification involved ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B ion-exchange chromatography, CM-Sepharose CL-6B ion-exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-50 chromatography. Purified fractions from each step were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Dot-blot, and Western-blot methods. Furthermore, the quantification of partially purified IGF-I was calculated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) using antibody to human recombinant IGF-I. SDS-PAGE analysis of the final fraction yielded two molecular bands and the signal band was at 12 kDa on the Western-blot film. This purified IGF-I fraction showed a peak at retention time of eight min. The quantity of IGF-I in 20 g deer antler tissue as starting weight was calculated using a standard curve to be 2910 ng/㎖, and total IGF-I amount is 0.291 g. The results show that IGF-I, which can be found in deer antler, can be partially purified and quantified by classic protein isolation methods.

Effects of Red Deer Antlers on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Full-thickness Rat Models

Gu, LiJuan,Mo, EunKyoung,Yang, ZhiHong,Fang, ZheMing,Sun, BaiShen,Wang, ChunYan,Zhu, XueMei,Bao, JianFeng,Sung, ChangKeun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.2

The process of wound repair involves an ordered sequence of events such as overlapping biochemical and cellular events that, in the best of circumstances, result in the restoration of both the structural and functional integrity of the damaged tissue. An important event during wound healing is the contraction of newly formed connective tissues by fibroblasts. The polypeptide growth factors, like transforming growth factor-${\beta}$(TGF-${\beta}$, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF- I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), play very important mediator roles in the process of wound contraction. Deer antlers, as models of mammalian regeneration, are cranial appendages that develop after birth as extensions of a permanent protuberance (pedicle) on the frontal bone. Antlers contain various growth factors which stimulate dermal fibroblast growth. They are involved in digestion and respiration and are necessary for normal wound healing and skin health. In order to investigate and evaluate the effects of red deer antlers on skin wound site, the speed of full-thickness skin wound healing and the expression of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF in skin wounds, three groups of skin full-thickness rat models with a high concentration of antler ointment, a low concentration of antler ointment and without antler ointment were compared. At post-injury days 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 32, 40 and 60, the skin wound area was measured, the expressions of IGF-I, TGF- ${\beta}$ and EGF mRNA were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and collagen formation by sirius red dye and the localization of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF peptides were inspected by histological immunohistochemical techniques. Wound healing was significantly more rapid in antler treated skins. In addition, the wound treated with a high concentration antler ointment, a low concentration antler ointment, and the control closed completely at post-injury day 40, day 44 and day 60, respectively. Via RT-PCR, the expressions of IGF-I (day 8 and day 16), TGF-${\beta}$(day 8, day 16 and day 20) and EGF (day 4, day 8, day 16, and day 32) were obviously up-regulated in high concentration antler-treated skins compared to control skins. Similar results could be seen in the histological detection of collagen dye and immunohistochemical methods using the corresponding polyclone antibodies of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF. These results illustrate that antlers stimulate and accelerate the repair of cutaneous wounds.

E ffects of exogenous spermidine and spermine on antioxidant metabolism associated with cold-induced leaf senescence in Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.)

Xinbo Sun,Lijuan Xie,Liebao Han 한국원예학회 2019 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.60 No.3

Zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica Steud.) leaves lose their green colour as they undergo cold acclimation (CA) in late fall inmany regions, and delaying leaf senescence can extend their green period. The objective of this study was to investigatewhether exogenous spermidine (Spd) and spermine (Spm) can delay leaf senescence by enhancing reactive oxygen species(ROS)-scavenging antioxidant enzyme activity. Mature zoysiagrass (cv. Zenith) plants were treated with Spm (1 mM) or Spd(1 mM) or water (control). The treated plants were grown under normal conditions or subjected to cold acclimation CA for35 days. CA treatment increased leaf electrolyte leakage (EL) and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, decreased chlorophyll (Chl)content, and induced leaf senescence. Foliar application of Spd and Spm reduced the decline in Chl content and reduced ELand MDA levels. CA treatment increased the ROS level and reduced antioxidant enzyme activity. Application of Spm andSpd reduced ROS accumulation and enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbateperoxidase under CA conditions. The results of this study indicated that exogenous Spd and Spm at 1 mM can delay CAinducedleaf senescence through enhancement of ROS-scavenging antioxidant activity in zoysiagrass.

Bi-Directional Wireless Power Transfer for Vehicle-to-Grid Systems

Yue Sun,Cheng Jiang,Zhi-Hui Wang,Lijuan Xiang,Huan Zhang 전력전자학회 2018 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.18 No.4

A current sourced bi-directional wireless power transfer (WPT) system is proposed to solve the problems that exist in the bi-directional WPT for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems. These problems include the fact that these systems are not safe enough, the output power is limited and the control methods are complicated. Firstly, the proposed system adopts two different compensation and control methods on both the primary and secondary sides. Secondly, based on an AC impedance analysis, the working principle is analyzed and the parameter configuration method with frequency stability is given. In order to output a constant voltage, a bi-directional DC/DC circuit and a controllable rectifier bridge are adopted, which are based on the “constant primary current, constant secondary voltage” control strategy. Finally, the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed methods are verified by experimental results.

Expression and localization of insulin-like growth factor-I in four parts of the red deer antler

Gu, Lijuan,Mo, Eunkyoung,Yang, Zhihong,Zhu, Xuemei,Fang, Zheming,Sun, Baishen,Wang, Chunyan,Bao, Jianfeng,Sung, Changkeun Informa Healthcare 2007 Growth factors Vol.25 No.4

<P> The expression and localization of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in the four parts (tip, upper, mid and base) of the red deer antler has been extensively investigated. We used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (real time RT-PCR), in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry and Western blot techniques to localize IGF-I messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and IGF-I peptide in the four parts of the antler. The specific sequence encoding IGF-I was detected by RT-PCR in all of the four specimens, and the 395 bp IGF-I sequence from the red deer antler was shown to have very high homology with human, goat and mouse IGF-I. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry results demonstrated that the expression of IGF-I occurred in chondrocytes and osteoblasts in the tip and upper parts of the antler. However, IGF-I was only detectable in osteoblasts around the bone in the mid and base parts. There were significant differences in the intensity of the signal obtained with the IGF-I probe in the tip, upper, mid and base tissues. The Western blot analysis also provided evidence that IGF-I expression was localized differentially in the four parts of the deer antler. This study indicates that antler tissue is an essential part of the IGF system, which is involved in the regulation of the growth of red deer antlers. The specific expression of IGF-I in the four parts of the deer antler suggests that the IGF-I molecule is present at significantly different levels throughout the deer antler development and regeneration processes. Localization of IGF-I in chondrocytes and osteoblasts suggests that IGF-I may play an important role in cartilage and bone formation. In addition, it may have a variety of biophysical effects that influence the rapid growth of deer antlers.</P>

Design and Implementation of a Testing System of Automotive Air Conditioning Based on Delphi

Miaozhong Sun,Wang Chuan,Lijuan He 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Control and Automation Vol.7 No.5

Inhibition of MicroRNA-15a/16 Expression Alleviates Neuropathic Pain Development through Upregulation of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 2

( Tao Li ),( Yingchun Wan ),( Lijuan Sun ),( Shoujun Tao ),( Peng Chen ),( Caihua Liu ),( Ke Wang ),( Changyu Zhou ),( Guoqing Zhao ) 한국응용약물학회 2019 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.27 No.4

There is accumulating evidence that microRNAs are emerging as pivotal regulators in the development and progression of neuropathic pain. MicroRNA-15a/16 (miR-15a/16) have been reported to play an important role in various diseases and inflammation response processes. However, whether miR-15a/16 participates in the regulation of neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain development remains unknown. In this study, we established a mouse model of neuropathic pain by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerves. Our results showed that both miR-15a and miR-16 expression was significantly upregulated in the spinal cord of CCI rats. Downregulation of the expression of miR-15a and miR-16 by intrathecal injection of a specific inhibitor significantly attenuated the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia of CCI rats. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-15a and miR-16 downregulated the expression of interleukin-1β and tumor-necrosis factor-αin the spinal cord of CCI rats. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2), an important regulator in neuropathic pain and inflammation, was a potential target gene of miR-15a and miR-16. Inhibition of miR-15a and miR-16 markedly increased the expression of GRK2 while downregulating the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB in CCI rats. Notably, the silencing of GRK2 significantly reversed the inhibitory effects of miR-15a/16 inhibition in neuropathic pain. In conclusion, our results suggest that inhibition of miR-15a/16 expression alleviates neuropathic pain development by targeting GRK2. These findings provide novel insights into the molecular pathogenesis of neuropathic pain and suggest potential therapeutic targets for preventing neuropathic pain development.

Use of the STR loci D18S53, D18S59, and D18S488 in the diagnosis of Edwards’ syndrome

Ying Zhang,Xiaozhou Li,Lijuan Sun,Yunfang Shi,Duan Ju,Yan Li,Tianfu Yue 한국유전학회 2016 Genes & Genomics Vol.38 No.7

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using short tandem repeats (STRs) to diagnose Edwards’ syndrome (ES). Quantitative fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) was performed to amplify STR loci on chromosome 18, specifically D18S53, D18S59, and D18S488. The amplified products were subjected to a fluorescence signal analysis and their application to ES diagnosis was examined. Among the 807 cases that showed normal results in the karyotype analysis, 793 showed one or two fluorescence bands with a fluorescence intensity ratio of 1:1, and 14 cases showed 3 bands, which were false-positive results. ES was diagnosed in 9 samples. The sensitivities of D18S53, D18S59, and D18S488 for the diagnosis of ES were 77.78, 44.44, and 55.56 % and the specificities were 96.16, 96.03, and 96.28 %, respectively. The combined sensitivity of the three loci for diagnosing DS was 100 % (9/9), with a specificity of 98.27 % (793/ 807). QF-PCR amplification of STR loci had high sensitivity, strong specificity, and was simple and rapid. Thus, it might have wide clinical applications, and could be an ideal tool for large-scale genetic and prenatal diagnosis of ES.