Changes in the Angstrom Exponent during Aerosol Coagulation and Condensation

Chang H. Jung,Ji Yi Lee,Yong P. Kim,김용표 한국대기환경학회 2012 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.6 No.4

In this study, the Ångstrom exponent for polydispersed aerosol during dynamic processes was investigated. Log-normal aerosol size distribution was assumed,and a sensitivity analysis of the Ångstrom exponent with regards the coagulation and condensation process was performed. The Ångstrom exponent is expected to decrease because of the particle growth due to coagulation and condensation. However, it is difficult to quantify the degree of change. In order to understand quantitatively the change in the Ångstrom exponent during coagulation and condensation,different real and imaginary parts of the refractive index were considered. The results show that the Ångstrom exponent is sensitive to changes in size distribution and refractive index. The total number concentration decreases and the geometric mean diameter of aerosols increase during coagulation. On the while, the geometric standard deviation approaches monodispersed size distribution during the condensation process, and this change in size distribution affects the Ångstrom exponent. The degree of change in the Ångstrom exponent depends on the refractive index and initial size distribution, and the size parameter changes with the Ångstrom exponent for a given refractive index or chemical composition; this indicates that the size distribution plays an important role in determining the Ångstrom exponent as well as the chemical composition. Subsequently, this study shows how the Ångstrom exponent changes quantitatively during the aerosol dynamics processes for a log-normal aerosol size distribution for different refractive indices; the results showed good agreement with the results for simple analytic size distribution solutions.

Changes in the Ångstrom Exponent during Aerosol Coagulation and Condensation

Jung, Chang H.,Lee, Ji Yi,Kim, Yong P. Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2012 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.6 No.4

In this study, the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent for polydispersed aerosol during dynamic processes was investigated. Log-normal aerosol size distribution was assumed, and a sensitivity analysis of the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent with regards the coagulation and condensation process was performed. The ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent is expected to decrease because of the particle growth due to coagulation and condensation. However, it is difficult to quantify the degree of change. In order to understand quantitatively the change in the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent during coagulation and condensation, different real and imaginary parts of the refractive index were considered. The results show that the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent is sensitive to changes in size distribution and refractive index. The total number concentration decreases and the geometric mean diameter of aerosols increase during coagulation. On the while, the geometric standard deviation approaches monodispersed size distribution during the condensation process, and this change in size distribution affects the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent. The degree of change in the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent depends on the refractive index and initial size distribution, and the size parameter changes with the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent for a given refractive index or chemical composition; this indicates that the size distribution plays an important role in determining the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent as well as the chemical composition. Subsequently, this study shows how the ${\AA}$ngstrom exponent changes quantitatively during the aerosol dynamics processes for a log-normal aerosol size distribution for different refractive indices; the results showed good agreement with the results for simple analytic size distribution solutions.

미디어 패러다임의 변화에 따른 서비스디자인 접점의 미디어 활용에 관한 연구: 트랜스미디어, 웹2.0, 웹3.0의 특성 중심으로

이수정 ( Su Jeong Yi ),임한울 ( Han Wool Yim ),장동련 ( Dinr Yun Chang ) 한국기초조형학회 2014 기초조형학연구 Vol.15 No.1

기술의 발달로 인한 미디어 패러다임의 변화에 의해 사용자들의 라이프스타일과 커뮤니케이션 방식이 진화하고 있다. 사용자들은 다양한 서비스를 접할 때에 이러한 변화가 반영되기를 요구하고 있다. 이를 위해 사용자의 변화된 라이프스타일을 이해하고 니즈를 충족시키는 최적의 경험을 서비스와 사용자가 만나는 접촉점에서 이끌어 내는 것이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 서비스디자인 접점(touchpoints)에 있어서 급변하는 미디어 상황과 사용자의 양상을 반영할 수 있는 미디어의 활용을 모색하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 이론적 고찰을 통하여 미디어 패러다임의 변화 특성을 9가지의 요인으로 도출하였고 이를 성격적 특성으로 카테고리화하였다. 또한 접점으로써 활용 가능성이 높은 사례들을 수집하여 변화 특성을 중심으로 분석하였다. 분석한 결과, 접점의 미디어 활용에 있어 미디어의 ``기술적 특성``은 서비스의 목적에 따라 ``사용자의 행위``를 자극하고, 이러한 자극이 ``사용자의 경험``을 유도하는 것을 발견할 수 있었다. 또한 서비스디자인 접점에서의 미디어 활용은 사용자 경험 특성인 ``감각체험, 감성, 몰입`` 세 요소를 자극시켜 사용자의 서비스 경험을 긍정적으로 고취시키는 역할을 할 수 있다는 것을 발견하였다. 본 연구는 패러다임의 과도기적 현상을 보이는 현시대에 있어 서비스디자인 접점의 미디어 활용을 위해 필요한 변화 특성들을 제시함으로써 향후 접점에서 미디어 패러다임의 변화를 반영할 수 있는 기틀을 마련했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 접점에 있어 패러다임의 변화 특성과 다양한 미디어 활용의 적절한 접목은 사용자의 욕구를 더욱 효과적·긍정적으로 충족시키고 총체적 경험을 실현시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Recently user`s lifestyle and way of communication have evolved according to the change of paradigm with development of technology, therefore the user claims these were reflected in the various services that they meet. To respond to the change, it is demanded to understand their changed lifestyle and satisfy their needs with a touchpoint between the service and users to give them perfect experience. Therefore this study seeks out rapidly changing trend and using of media that can reflect the aspects of users in a service design touchpoint. For this, this study establishes the characteristics of changes in media paradigm as nine factors and categorizes them into their traits. The more likely cases as a touchpoint are also collected and analyzed based on characteristics of their changes. As a result, technological traits of media stimulate users` behavior according to purpose of service and it can be founded that their experiences happen by this. Also, touchpoint of service design can make their experience positive by stimulating three factors of its traits-sense, experience, sensitivity, and flow. This study is meaningful that it paves the way for a reflection of media paradigm shift on future touchpoint by suggesting characteristics of changes that are needed to using of media in service design touchpoint. It is expected that a proper combination of characteristics of paradigm shift and utilization of various media to be more effective for users, satisfy their needs positively and realize their total experience.

RCP 8.5 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 산림 탄소 동태 변화 추정 연구

이종열 ( Jong Yeol Lee ),한승현 ( Seung Hyun Han ),김성준 ( Seong Jun Kim ),장한나 ( Han Na Chang ),이명종 ( Myong Jong Yi ),박관수 ( Gwan Soo Park ),김춘식 ( Choon Sig Kim ),손영모 ( Yeong Mo Son ),김래현 ( Rae Hyun Kim ),손요환 한국농림기상학회 2015 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.17 No.1

산림은 많은 양의 탄소를 저장하고 있으며, 산림 탄소 동태는 기후변화에 따라 변화할 것으로 예상된다. 본 연구는 우리나라 산림에서 가장 우점하는 침엽수종과 활엽수종인 소나무림과 참나무림을 대상으로 최근 개발 및 개선된 한국형산림토양탄소모델(Korean ForestSoil Carbon model; KFSC model)을 이용하여 두 가지 기후변화 시나리오(2012년 기온이 2100년까지 유지되는 시나리오(CT), Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) 8.5 시나리오) 하에서의 산림 탄소 동태를 예측하였다. 5차 국가산림자원조사 자료로부터 소나무림과 굴참나무림 조사구들을 추출한 뒤, 이를 행정구역(9개 도, 7개 특별·광역시) 및 영급(1-5영급, 6영급이상)별로 분류하여 탄소 동태 모의 단위를 설정하였다. 탄소 저장고는 2012년을 기준으로 초기화하였으며, 모의 기간인 2012년부터 2100년까지 모든 교란은 고려하지 않았다. 모의 결과 산림 탄소 저장량은 시간이 경과함에 따라 전반적으로 증가하지만, CT 시나리오에 비하여 RCP 8.5 시나리오 하에서 산림 탄소 저장량이 낮게 나타났다. 소나무림의 탄소 저장량(Tg C)은 2012년에 260.4에서 2100년에는 각각 395.3(CT 시나리오) 및 384.1(RCP 8.5 시나리오)로 증가하였다. 굴 참나무림의 탄소 저장량(Tg C)은 2012년에 124.4에서 2100년에는 219.5(CT 시나리오) 및 204.7(RCP 8.5 시나리오)로 각각 증가하였다. 5차 국가산림자원조사 자료와 비교한 결과, 고사유기물 탄소 저장량의 초기값은 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 모의 기간 동안 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 연간 탄소 흡수율(g C m-2 yr-1)은 CT 시나리오 하에서 각각 71.1과 193.5, RCP8.5 시나리오 하에서 각각 65.8과 164.2로 추정된다. 따라서 우리나라 소나무림과 굴참나무림의 탄소 흡수잠재력은 지구 온난화에 의하여 감소할 것으로 예상된다. 비록 모델의 구조와 파라미터로부터 불확실성이 존재하지만 본 연구는 미래 산림 탄소 동태 파악에 기여할 것으로 기대된다. Forests contain a huge amount of carbon (C) and climate change could affect forest C dynamics. This study was conducted to predict the C dynamics of Pinus densiflora and Quercus variabilis forests, which are the most dominant needleleaf and broadleaf forests in Korea, using the Korean Forest Soil Carbon (KFSC) model under the two climate change scenarios (2012-2100; Constant Temperature (CT) scenario and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 scenario). To construct simulation unit, the forest land areas for those two species in the 5th National Forest Inventory (NFI) data were sorted by administrative district and stand age class. The C pools were initialized at 2012, and any disturbance was not considered during the simulation period. Although the forest C stocks of two species generally increased over time, the forest C stocks under the RCP 8.5 scenario were less than those stocks under the CT scenario. The C stocks of P. densiflora forests increased from 260.4 Tg C in 2012 to 395.3 (CT scenario) or 384.1 Tg C (RCP 8.5 scenario) in 2100. For Q. variabilis forests, the C stocks increased from 124.4 Tg C in 2012 to 219.5 (CT scenario) or 204.7 (RCP 8.5 scenario) Tg C in 2100. Compared to 5th NFI data, the initial value of C stocks in dead organic matter C pools seemed valid. Accordingly, the annual C sequestration rates of the two species over the simulation period under the RCP 8.5 scenario (65.8 and 164.2 g C m-2 yr-1 for P. densiflora and Q. variabilis) were lower than those values under the CT scenario (71.1 and 193.5 g C m-2 yr-1 for P. densiflora and Q. variabilis). We concluded that the C sequestration potential of P. densiflora and Q. variabilis forests could be decreased by climate change. Although there were uncertainties from parameters and model structure, this study could contribute to elucidating the C dynamics of South Korean forests in future.

단체놀이활동이 초등학생의 행동체력과 인성변화에 미치는 영향

장봉희,홍관이 강원대학교 체육과학연구소 2001 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.24

The purpose of this study was to examine in which way the active physical fitness and personality change of elementary school students were affected by programs constituted by group plays they contacted in daily living. The subjects in this study were 60 elementary school students in I-kun, K Province, who were divided into experimental and control groups. The 32-member experimental group were engaged in group play for 10 weeks, five times a week, 40 minutes each, and the 28-member control group was blocked from group play activities. The group play used in this study included snail house play, 8-shape play, the 38th-parallel play, turning round in triangular form, peanut play and squid play. To measure active physical fitness, speed, explosive muscular strength, muscular endurance, cardiorespiratory endurance, agility, balance and flexibility were tested. And the personality was tested by the Korea Psychological Advisory Research Institute's special personality inventory A. The pretest and posttest results were analyzed with SAS program, and t-test was conducted to test the research questions. The findings of this study were as below: 1.The group play activities served to develop the speed, explosive muscular strength, cardiorespiratory endurance, agility and balance of the boy students. 2.For the girl students, speed, muscular endurance, agility, balance and flexibility got better after engaged in group play activities. 3.The group play activities brought a positive change to the self- esteem and stress of the boy students. 4.The group play activities resulted in lowering the sex role security of the girl students, but their stress and deviant behavior control showed a positive change.

레스토랑의 고객만족과 재방문의사에 영향을 주는 선택속성에 관한 연구

이창기(Chang Gi Yi),권영린(Young Lin Kwon) 한국호텔관광학회 2001 호텔관광연구 Vol.3 No.3

The purpose of this study is not only to establish a kind of useful operation material for the Fusion Restaurants but also to suggest a further improvement for its field. The fusion restaurant is understood through the selection attributes of fusion restaurants made by some previous studies and case studies of the restaurants in the country based on the customers--oriented service looked in terms of restaurant owners. Lightening up the relation of the selection-attributes of fusion restaurant, the diversity and variety of customer`s taste could be recognized. The followings are some points deserve our attention through the study. First, considering from the point of the view that the perception of customers and future customers for fusion restaurant is 82%, even though the fusion restaurant started to be popular from the late 1990, it seems to be accomplished very highly in short period. It means that customers reflect very sensitively on new changes and are highly interested in new changes. Therefore it is the right time for various marketing promotions to switch the potential customers to actual customers. Second, compared to other existed family restaurants, selection-attributes for fusion restaurant shows that `experience of unique food` and `attractiveness of interior` are important. It suggests that customers are eager to experience new culture. So unprecedented promotion will help to increase customers. Third, main customers are shown to range from the late 20s to the middle 30s that is higher than that of family restaurant with professional job. It says that present young generations aged between 20s and 30s prefer to have special new experiences of different kinds of food culture and like to form a new cultural circumstance unlike the past time. From this point of view that they spend 30,000-50,000 won a time and enjoy once or twice a month as average, that there is a tendency could be backed up. Fourth, the average marks of 26 variables among the selection-attributes are shown mostly high and play important role in choosing the fusion restaurant. Especially cleanness, uniqueness, hygiene, sanitation, and fresh atmosphere should be considered all the time. Finally, what could be estimated is that customers strongly desire to try special food and to search for new things which they have never experienced in the regular family restaurant. This is the main reason for visiting fusion restaurant. Therefore the way to go for the future business of fusion restaurant is to make an effort for transformation that will be satisfied with new generations who want to preoccupy the special experience as well as to train and foster the competent cooks with decreasing their labor cost and developing the menu. This study was made in the basis of customers of fusion restaurant for the selection-attributes and satisfaction but some limitation were existed. First, as there were few previous studies for the selection-attributes of fusion restaurant, this study based on hotel restaurant, family restaurant and fast-food restaurant was not desirably examined. Second, data for the analysis of present situation of fusion restaurant were not sufficiently collected due to the lack of participating of the restaurants. Hopefully hereafter, further studies would be fulfilled and helpful for establishing possible marketing strategies supplementing the above mentioned limitations and deficiencies with executing compared analysis between fusion restaurant and family restaurant.

연구논문 : 스키타이 의복에 대한 연구 1 - 흑해 북쪽 지역 스키타이인을 중심으로 -

장영수 ( Youngsoo Yi Chang ) 한국의류산업학회 2015 한국의류산업학회지 Vol.17 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the form of the clothing of the Scythians who lived in the northern region of the Black Sea. This study refers to data, which has been extracted from reviews of literature, articles and catalogs of Scythian exhibitions held in Germany, a country where famous Scythian research was collected and analyzed. Results of this study are as follows: Regarding the basic form, there was no change in the appearance of the Scythian clothes which can be linked to social classes and regional background. But the detailing of the clothes changed. Russian archaeologist Klocko has stated that decorative bands of ancient costume appear to depend on the construction of ancient clothing. I have analyzed the upperjacket of Scythians with the decorative bands based on the research of Klocko. From this analysis could be observed that decorative bands of upperjacket had also been varied depending on their region and their social status. The decoration of the revers of upperjacket differs according to social status. According to their width, trousers were classified in types; in narrow and wide. The basic set up of the narrow-type is as follows: the trouser is divided into voluminous straight forms and leggings in close contact with the legs. The width of a trouser differs according to the social status of Scythians and from the region where they lived. Regional differences could be observed more significantly, than differences resulting from social status.

The counseling protocol according to psychological change to successful return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Se-Hyun Park,Chang-Sik Um,Eun-Surk Yi 한국운동재활학회 2019 한국운동재활학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.05

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are one of the most common sports injury. There are many studies on various methods of rehabilitation exercise after surgery and mostly has been done on rehabilitation exercise programs tailored to physical changes according to each stage. However, there is little studies on the psychological counseling protocol according to stage of psychological change. The purpose of this study was to research the method of counseling according to psychological change in the patient after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The subject of this study were 60patients who underwent ACL surgery at department of orthopedic surgery, Guro hospital, Korea university. This study evaluated the emotion, confidence and risk of re-injury of patients by using ACL-RSI (ACL-Return to Sport after Injury)questionnaire. The study of result was investigate that a significant difference in all three domains in the group that could return to myself in comparison to the group who did not return to themselves(p<.05). The results of this study suggested that psychological stability was importance for a successful return after 6months, which is the time of returning from ACL surgery. Through these results, this study examined the psychological counseling methods for each recovery stage after ACL reconstruction. Also this study proposed that the psychological counseling methods by summarizing the views of various experts. The proposed contents are as follows. Phase 1, the psychological state of patients was anxiety, emotional state was fear, maladjustment and depression. Exports’s keyword of counseling method was rehabilitation cognition, effort, hope, recovery, hope. Phase 2, the psychological state of patients was slump, emotional state was maladjustment, patience and acception. Exports’s keyword of counseling method was encouragement, counsel, goal setting, effort, challenge, current representation. Phase 3, the psychological state of patients was Adaptation of physical function, emotional state was challenge, patience and acception. Exports’s keyword of counseling method was goal setting, vision, desire, effort, encouragement, counsel. Phase 4, the psychological state of patients was adaptation of Activity Daily Living(ADL), emotional state was patience, compromise and challenge. Exports’s keyword of counseling method was current situation cognition, caution recommendation, plan, vision, goal setting, effort. Phase 5, the psychological state of patients was stability, emotional state was challenge, acception and patience. Exports’s keyword of counseling method was return, counsel, solution, communication, caution recommendation, encouragement, patience.

상악 전치부 결손이 발음에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

노창섭,최대균,우이형,최부병,Roh Chang-Sup,Choi Dae-Gyun,Woo Yi-Hyung,Choi Boo-Byung 대한치과보철학회 1992 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.30 No.3

This study was performed to investigate the phonetic alterations with upper anterior teeth were missing. To compare the changes of the phonations, before and after insertion of the temporary prosthesis, six subjects who lost their upper anterior teeth were selected (2-male, 4-female). Tested sounds (/ga(가), na(나), da(다), ra(라), sa(사), ja(자), cha(차), ta(타), pa(파), ha(하), gi(기), ni(니), di(디), ri(리), si(시), jl(지), chi(치), ti(티), pi(피), hi(히), seu(스), se(세), so(소), su(수)/were programmed into an IBM AT with and without temporary prosthesis. These experiments were analyzed by formants, consonants durations, and energy level changes with an LSI speech work station program. During the pronunciation of the tested sounds (with and without temporary prosthesis), mandibular movements were recorded to a Mandibular Kinesiogram and analyzed . The findings led to the following conclusions: 1. Objective differences could not be found. However, in every informant, subjective improvement could be noticed. 2. There were no persistant correlations of the formant's changes. And in every informant, phonetic changes were variable. 3. There were various changes of the consonant durations in every informant. By and large, those of /si(시), jl(지), chi(치), Pi(피), hi(히)/ were longer than other tested sounds. After insertion of the prosthesis, durations were shorter. Consonants with /i(ㅣ)/ were longer than with /a(ㅏ)/, with or without prosthesis. 4. With and without temporary prosthesis, mandibular movements were various in the frontal view. Mandibular movements showed lateral deviations, and mandibular positions with /si(시), ji(지), ti(티), seu(스), hi(히)/ were nearer to the mandibular rest position. 5. The kinds of temporary prosthesis and conditions of the missing teeth influenced every informant variously, so there were no correlation between informants. 6. Energy levels increased in all tested sounds with a fixed temporary prosthesis. And, there were no differences between before and after insertion of a removable temporary prosthesis. However, sibilant sounds, and consonants with /i(ㅣ)/ showed a little increased energy level.

스마트하우징 주거서비스 기술에 대한 이용자 인식 개선을 위한 리빙랩 활용성 분석 연구

곽병창,지원길,이성재,김길태,Byung-Chang Kwag,Won-Gil Ji,Sung-Ze Yi,Gil-Tae Kim 한국토지주택공사 토지주택연구원 2023 LHI journal of land, housing, and urban affairs Vol.14 No.3

In South Korea, it has been increased the necessity of supplying housing services to meet the needs and desires of various residents by reflecting various demographic and social changes. In particular, various smart device has been widely utilized in South Korea and the smart technologies, such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things has been developed rapidly. These smart technologies could support smart housing that allows residents to easily and comfortably employ residential services. However, it is necessary to improve the awareness of users in order to spread the smart housing residential services connected to smart technologies. For this reason, this study observed changes in users' perceptions of smart housing residential service technology using Living Lab. As a result, after experiencing the Living Lab, users' awareness of smart housing housing service increased, and it was observed that the preferred housing service technology was more detailed than before the Living Lab experience. This study shows that it is important to raise users' awareness for the dissemination of smart housing residential service technology, and that Living Lab can be an effective means for this purpose.