全羅道 泰仁의 寬谷 崔瑞林과 龍溪書院

김철배 ( Chul Bae Kim ) 전북대학교 인문학연구소 2012 건지인문학 Vol.8 No.-

This paper aims to study Choi Seorim (Gwan-gok), who lived in Taein, Jeongeup in the 17th century, and Yonggye Seowon (alecture hall or a memorial hall for Confucianist services to honor distinguished scholars) where Choi Seorim is enshrined. Choi Seorim (1632~1698) is the central figure of Yonggye Seowon. His family originated from Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, his pen name is Gwangok, and his second names are Yeobal and Gyeomtoi. The Manchu war of 1636 broke out when he was five years old, so he had to flee for refuge from Seoul to Younggwang and Muan, Jeollanam-do, and moved to Gohyeonnae in Taein, Jeongeup Jeollabuk-do after the war. His family settled down in Gohyeonnae because his aunt was married to Kim Yeobaek from Dogang Kim family, which was very influential in the town. Furthermore, as his academic career was closely related to the school of Kim Jip (Sindokjae), it was quite natural that his family moved to Taein from the south area like Naju, Muan, Hampyeong, and Haenam of Jeollanam-do where the school of Dongin was more influential. Choi Seorim passed the civil service examination in 1661 (the 2nd reign of King Hyeonjong), but refused to go into government service and stayed in Taein only to study and teach students. Lee Ik (Seongho) introduced Choi Seorim in his book Seonghosaseol that as he taught well, there were lots of students who adored and followed him. In the student list called ``Munsaenglok``, there are 178 literary men listed. Among them, 15 students passed minor civil examinations and three students passed higher level ones. Choi Seorim followed the disciplinary flow of Honam whose representatives were Jeong Geugin and four gentlemen from Taein (Song Serim, Jeong Eonchung, Kim Yakmuk, and Kim Gwan), and he became the second origin that was followed by Eun Jeonghwa and Hwang Jeon. Choi Seorim`s learning is said to be a part of Honam school in that Hwang Yunseok (Yijae), one of the greatest Confucianists of the 18th century, is the son of Hwang Jeon who was the student of Eun Jeonghwa. Yonggye Seowon was built at the place where Choi Seorim had given lectures to his students in 1701 (the 27th year of King Sukjong`s reign) which was two years after he passed away, and he and his five students are enshrined in Yonggye Seowon.

《완산지》 인물조 검토

김철배 ( Chul Bae Kim ) 전북대학교 인문학연구소 2011 건지인문학 Vol.6 No.-

This paper has two purposes. The first is to survey a compilation of Eupji described in Jeonju Province, and the second is to analysis about historical personages in Wansanji (完山誌) described geographical information of the Jeonju province. There were more than 12 kinds of Eupji (邑誌) in Jeonju province from incorporating as a treatise into The Annals of King Sejong (世宗實錄) to writing Wansanji by Lee do-hyung in 1958. It included those items of information deemed needful in the governing of the country, such as the administrative history of each local government jurisdiction, its topographical features, contral checkpoint, fortifications, land area, population, native products, roads and post stations, garrisons, troop levies, beacon communication sites, mausoleum and tombs, surnames found in the area and historical personages. Historical personages of Wansanji was consisted of those that the man passed the Licentiate examination (生進), the man passed the erudite or higher level(文臣), the man named Confucians (儒林), a dutiful son (孝子) and daughter (孝女), a faithful daughter-in law (烈夫), virtuous women (烈女) a man appointed offical with an ancestor of merits (蔭仕) and etc. These of items reflected interests and values of the local literati class. Besides encouraging those ethical values that form the basic of confucian morality since compiled Samganghaengsildo (三綱行관實圖) in 1434, thus to further sustain the local Gentry (土族) social order. I analyzed each part of historical personages according to the family in Wansanji. Through analysis, we can get a sense of those who had a influence in local society, and from when they made a remarkable growth of social order. Above all, the true that the local Gentry were continued from koryo Dynasty to Joseon Dynasty. But it was exchanged the new local Gentry when Joseon Dynasty was occupied the Japanese.

헌종(憲宗) 3년(年)(1837) 영흥(永興) 준원전(濬源殿) 태조어진(太祖御眞) 모사과정(模寫過程) 연구(硏究)

김철배 ( Chul Bae Kim ) 성균관대학교 대동문화연구원 2011 大東文化硏究 Vol.76 No.-

본고는 헌종 3년(1837) 영흥 濬源殿 太祖御眞의 模寫와 그 배경에 대한 연구이다. 태조 이성계의 肖像을 봉안한 太祖眞殿인 준원전은 태조 5년(1396)에 태조가 태어난 곳인 영흥에 세워졌다. 太祖眞殿은 조선초기 영흥을 비롯하여 경주·평양·전주·개성 등 5개 지역에 세워졌다. 준원전의 태조어진은 태조 7년에 최초로 봉안된 이래, 세종 25년(1443)에 두 번째 어진이 봉안되었고, 헌종 3년에 세 번째 봉안되었다. 특히 1837년에 이루어진 태조어진 모사는 영흥에 사는 元大益이란 자에 의해서 태조어진이 훼손된 것이 발단이 되었다. 이때의 태조어진 모사는 그동안 왕실의 필요에 의해서, 혹은 어진이 낡았을 때 모사되었던 것과 구별되는 것이다. 범인 원대익은 사건이 발생한 다음날 진전 근처에서 체포되어, 한양으로 압송되었다. 그런데 추국하는 과정에서 동기 및 배후세력에 대한 심문을 제대로 하지 않고 당일 서둘러 형을 집행하였다. 게다가 같은 해 12월 함흥감사 徐耕輔에 의해 함흥부 6개 지역의 전·현직 수령들이 贓汚罪로 탄핵되는 일이 발생하였다. 이러한 점으로 미루어 태조어진 훼손사건은 조선후기 民意를 반영하는 ``殿牌作變類``의 사건이라고 할 수 있다. 전패작변이란 조선후기 客舍의 殿牌나, 書院의 位牌, 왕실의 胎室 등을 훼손하는 사건으로 民意를 반영하는 한 형태를 뜻한다. 태조어진 훼손사건은 조선 건국자의 權威를 빌려 民意를 전달하고자 하는 것으로, 태조어진이 가지고 있는 의미를 살펴볼 수가 있다. 찢어진 준원전 태조어진은 한양으로 옮겨와서 배접하고, 이것을 모본으로 모사하였다. 이후 유지초본·유지대본·부본·정본화 과정을 거쳐 모사를 마칠 때까지 약 50일이 소요되었는데, 이것은 그간 어진의 모사가 약 20일 정도 소요되었던 것에 비하여 다소 긴 공정이었다. 당시 永禧殿 제1실에 봉안된 태조어진을 모사하지 않고, 준원전 태조어진을 옮겨와서 모사한 것은 이것이 조선초기 圖寫本이었기 때문이다. 이 때문에 어진 모사과정에서 배접, 유지초본 제작 등의 과정이 추가하여 태조어진 모사에 만전을 기하였다. This article is to consider the process of damaging the Portrait of King Taejo(太祖御眞) at Joonwonjeon(濬源殿) and imitating it in 1837(憲宗 3). Joonwonjeon was built at Youngheong(永興) where the King Taejo was born in 1397. The Portrait was enshrined at Jinjeon(眞殿) during the Joseon Dynasty period and the portrait of King Taejo Lee Sung-Gye, Joseon`s founder is especially enshrined at Taejojinjeon(太祖眞殿). Taejojinjeon in Youngheong was called Joonwonjeon, one of the Taejojinjeons which was built in five region in early Joseon Dynasty: Youngheong, Kyungju, Pyeonyang, Gaesung, and Jeonju. The Portrait was enshrined in Joonwonjeon in 1397 at first time, secondly in 1443 and thirdly in 1837. Especially, the third copy resulted from the case that the Portrait was torn by Won dae-ik(元大益) lived in Youngheong. This case was are distinguished from the Portrait imitated by royal family when it was old or needed to imitate it by the royal family. In 1837, the period of in-law government power(勢道政治), Won dae-ik(元大益) was arrested around the Gingeon the next day of the incident. He was sent to Hanyang(漢陽) and sentence was executed immediately without pursuing the question. About three months later, Seo kyong-bo(徐耕輔), the ruler of a Hamkyung province, impeached the six local officials in the province for misappropriation(贓汚罪) in December 1837. In light of this, the case for the damage to the portrait was one of the Jeonpae-jakbyon(殿牌作變) which meaned the damage to the wodden plate that symbolized the King in Gaeksa(客舍) or the ancestral tablet in Seowon(書院) and reflected the will of the people in the latter part of Joseon Dynasty. Given this fact, the damaged case of the Portrait was one that used King Taejo`s authority to reflect the will of the people: there are two sides to the Portrait. A torn Portrait of Joonwonjeon was sent to Hanyang, mounted and imitated. It took 50days to be enshrined in Joonwonjeon, and this was long about 20days as compared with the previous copy in 1688, 1735 and so on. At that time, the Portrait was imitated generally not from the first room of Youngheejeon(永禧殿), but from Joonwonjeon, because the Portrait of Joonwonjeon was Dosabon(圖寫本) which was drawn when king Taejo lived. So Joseon government made assurance doubly sure in process of the imitating the Portrait.

(Z)-1-(4-브로모페닐)-1-페닐-2-(4-tert-부틸페닐)에텐의 합성 및 X-선 구조분석

김철배 ( Chul Bae Kim ),조현종 ( Hyun Jong Cho ),이성경 ( Sung Kyung Lee ),박광용 ( Kwang Yong Park ) 한국공업화학회 2009 공업화학 Vol.20 No.3

초청 총설 논문 : 유기발광재료의 조합합성

김철배 ( Chul Bae Kim ),조현종 ( Hyun Jong Jo ),박곽용 ( Kwang Young Park ) 한국공업화학회 2010 공업화학 Vol.21 No.4

어진박물관의 가치 창출을 위한 태조어진과 6조 어진의 제문제 고찰

김철배(Kim, Chul-Bae),김건(Kim, Geon),장준갑(Chang, Jun-Gab) 강원대학교 인문과학연구소 2014 인문과학연구 Vol.0 No.41

어진박물관(御眞博物館)은 2010년 경기전(慶基殿) 태조어진 봉안 600주년을 기념하여 경기전 북쪽에 세운 것으로, 지상 7칸의 한옥건물에 지하1층으로 이루어진 건물이다. 경기전은 1614년 중건된 이래 거의 400년을 유지해 온 유서 깊은 건축물이며, 국보 317호로 지정된 태조어진(太祖御眞)은 1410년 전주에 최초 봉안된 이후 그 원형을 유지하고 있을 뿐만 아니라, 태조어진의 봉안시 사용했던 신연(神輦), 신여(神輿) 등의 기물 및 의장뿐만 아니라 각종 문헌자료 등을 갖추고 있다. 지상 7칸의 어진전시실은 맞배지붕의 한옥건물로서 내부의 가운데 칸에는 감실을 두어 어진을 전시할 수 있도록 하였다. 이런 형식적인 측면에서 어진전시실은 조선시대 왕실진전인 영희전, 선원전과 태조진전인 경기전의 형식을 반영하여 조선시대 진전의 전통을 계승하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 당시 왕실에서 진전을 통해서 추구하려던 가치를 상고함으로써 오늘날 어진의 가치를 어떻게 재조명할 것인가에 대한 답변을 구하고자 한다. 즉 진전에서 역대 왕들의 어진을 어떻게 배치할 것인가라는 위차(位次)와 관리의 문제 등이 오늘날 전시를 통해서 어떻게 구현될 수 있는지 논의하고자 한다. 결국 어진전시실은 경기전과 관련된 유무형의 문화유산을 오롯이 보여줄 수 있어야 할 것이며, 또한 여기에 장차 조선시대 경기전 태조어진 봉안행차가 복원을 거쳐 재현된다면 태조어진과 관련된 유무형의 문화유산 가치는 더욱 높아질 것으로 사료된다. Royal Portrait Museum(御眞博物館) was built on the north of Gyeonggijeon(慶基殿) in 2010 to memorialize 600th anniversary of Taejo(太祖)’s Portrait enshrinement. It has seven rooms on and the ground at one story level as Korean-style house. In this, there are various materials put on display, including Sinyeon(神輦), Sinyeo(神輿), the written sources used in Gyeonggijeon. Royal Portrait Exhibition Hall inherited Jinjeon(眞殿) of the Joseon Dynasty period and was designed to show effectively Royal Portrait. Especially, its five rooms reflected Yeonghuijeon(永禧殿) or Seonwonjeon(璿源殿) which enshrined Royal Portraits of many generations, and the Gamsil(龕室) located in the center, of which was modeled on one in Jeongjeon(正殿) of Gyeonggijeon or Mokcheongjeon(穆淸殿). Royal Portrait of six kings in the Joseon Dynasty period displayed in center of exhibition hall in basement recently copied new, should compare with and appreciate Portrait of King Taejo. Like this, Royal Portrait Museum needs to examine many debates in relation to the Royal Portrait of Joseon Dynasty period in that it reflects the tradition of management in Joseon‘s Jinjeon, or Yeonghuijeon, Seonwonjeon, Gyeonggijeon. That is to say, we can rediscover the value that royal family pursued, and search for how the order of positions in Royal Portrait Museum and the Royal Portrait’s symbolism should be reflected through the exhibition. Royal Portrait Museum shows wholly cultural heritage involved in Gyeonggijeon and Portrait of King Taejo. Gyeonggijeon is historic building maintained about 400 years since reconstructed in 1614, and Portrait of King Taejo has kept its original form after enshrined in Jeonju(全州) in 1410. Add to this, if the ceremonial walk for enshrining Portrait of King Taejo to Gyeonggijeon in Joseon Dynasty period was restored. We think that the value of tangible and intangible cultural heritages related in Portrait of King Taejo may be improved higher. We must make an effort to search and preserve the original form of cultural heritages, and look for their sincerity. Then this will become the foundation for creation of culture, and further take step toward the aim to be designated as world cultural heritage.

태조진전 의례 정비와 경기전 제례 음식

김철배 ( Kim Chull Bae ) 한국농업사학회 2016 농업사연구 Vol.15 No.1

경기전(慶基殿)은 1410년에 전주에 세워진 태조진전(太祖眞殿)으로서 태조의 영정을 봉안한 곳이다. 태조진전은 창업군주의 덕을 칭송하고 추모하는 공간으로서 함흥, 경주, 평양, 전주, 개성 등 5개 처에 세워졌다. 태종∼세종 연간의 태조진전의 건립과 국가의례 정비과정에서 진전 의례는 정비되었다. 진전 의례는 성종대 『국조오례의』 체제로 그대로 수용되었고, 국가제사로서 정제(正祭)와 `왕실 조상 제사`로서 속제(俗祭)로 구분되어 편입되었다. 이러한 구분과 의례의 변천은 각 제사의 제기의 사용 및 의례절차, 그리고 제례음식에서도 격을 달리한다. 진전의례는 종묘의례와 같이 엄숙하고 절도있게 행하는 국가제사라기 보다는 왕실의 조상제사의 성격이 강하였다. 또한 고기를 줄이고 다식 위주로 제례음식을 올리는 것을 볼 때 불교적 색채도 짙었다. Gyeonggijeon made in 1410 in Jeonju is Taejojinjeon, the space for the memory of King Taejo Lee sung-gye who built up Chosun Dynasty. Taejojinjeon which his portrait was enshrined in was built in Hamheung, Kyungju, Pyungyang, Jeonju, and Gaesung. After built, it organized its ceremony in course of organizing national rituals. This ceremony was included in Kookjooraeui made in 1475, King Seongjong, classified as Jeongjae and Sokjae. Jeongjae is the memorial ceremony for gods supervised by Chosun Dynasty, and Sokjae is the ceremony for ancestors of King`s family. The ceremony of Jinjeon is not like national rites, but like the ceremony of King`s family. And it seemed like Buddhist rituals because it had used Dasik(traditional pressed sweets) as the ritual foods.

니켈 촉매하에서 Secondary alkyl Grignard 시약을 이용한 Arenesulfonate의 Hydrogenolysis

김철배 ( Chul Bae Kim ),박광용 ( Kwang Yong Park ) 한국공업화학회 2006 응용화학 Vol.10 No.2

니켈 촉매를 이용한 비대칭 올리고페닐 화합물의 합성

김철배 ( Chul Bae Kim ),안보경 ( Bo Kyoung Ahn ),조철희 ( Chul Hee Cho ),박광용 ( Kwang Yong Park ) 한국공업화학회 2006 응용화학 Vol.10 No.1

모델 및 구성품 기반 초음속 추진기관 실시간 모델링 및 시뮬레이션

최종호(J. H. Choi),박익수(I. S. Park),이재윤(J. Y. Lee),김중회(J. H. Kim),김익수(I. S. Kim),윤현걸(H. G. Yoon),임진식(J. S. Lim),김철배(C. B. Kim),박재만(J. M. Park) 한국추진공학회 2011 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.11

램제트 및 스크램제트와 같은 공기흡입식 추진기관의 구성품 기반 모델 및 추진시스템 시뮬레이션에 대해 연구하였다. 시뮬레이션 모델은 엔진제어기 및 연료공급 시스템을 포함하여 공기흡입구, 연소기, 노즐 등으로 구성된 공기흡입식 추진기관의 특성을 고려하여 각각의 구성품을 종합한 모델로 구현하였다. 엔진의 성능 및 제어기의 동작 특성을 검증하기 위해 실제 환경을 모사하여 실시간 기반 Hardware In the Loop System(HILS)을 구현하였다. The component based propulsion modeling and simulation of an air-breathing engine such as ramjet and scramjet is studied. The simulation model has been realized considering the characteristics of the air-breathing engine which is composed of air intake, combustor and nozzle including engine controller and fuel supply system. To estimate the engine performance and to verify the engine controller, real time based Hardware in the Loop System simulating actual environment is constructed.