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동지나해 저서어류의 자원조사 연구 - 3 . 1989년 11월 동지나해의 해황 -
김정창 한국어업기술학회 1990 수산해양기술연구 Vol.26 No.2
1989년 11월 4~12일의 동지나해에서 관측한 자료를 사용하여 해황을 조사하였다. 그 결과 표층의 해황은 쓰시마 난류수와 중국 대륙 연안수로 대별되고 그 사이에는 강한 전선이 형성되고 있다. 쓰시마 난류수는 수온 22~24℃, 염분 33.5~34.5‰의 고온.고염수로 용존산소는 4.5ml/l 이하로 낮았다. 그리고 중국 대륙 연안수는 수온 18~20℃, 염분 32.0‰ 이하인 저온.저염수로 용존산소는 4.5~5.0ml/l로 높게 나타났다. 저층에도 역시 표층과 같이 쓰시마 난류수와 중국 대륙 연안수가 존재하였다. 이 외에도 북쪽에는 수온 10℃ 이하, 염분 33.0‰ 내외, 용존 산소는 4.5ml/l 이상의 고산소수인 황해 저층냉수가 분포하고, 동남쪽에는 수온 15~19℃ 염분 34.5‰, 용존산소는 2.0~3.5ml/l의 저산소수인 동지나해 남부 저층수도 분포하였다. 그리고 중국 대륙 연안수와 쓰시마 난류수의 중간 특성을 나타내는 수온 20.5~22.0℃, 염분 32.3~33.3‰의 물은 중국 대륙 연안수와 쓰시마 난류가 혼합된 결과라고 판단된다. Using the data observed on the Oshoro-maru from November 4 to November 12, 1989 in the East China Sea, the oceanographic conditions were investigated. The results are as follows: The oceanographic condition of surface layer was divided into two regions. One was the Tsushima Current Waters and the other was the China Coastal Waters. The oceanic front was formed between above two waters. Tsushima Current Waters had high temperature ranging 22~24℃, high salinity ranging 33.5~34.5‰ and low D.O less than 4.5ml/l. And China Coastal Waters had low temperature ranging 18~20℃, low salinity less than 23.0‰ and high D.O ranging 4.0~5.0ml/l. In the case of the bottom layer, Tsushima Current Waters and China Coastal Waters appeared the same as the surface layer. In addition, the Yellow Sea Bottom Cold Waters and the Southern Bottom Waters of East China Sea distributed together with two surface waters above. The was temperature ranging 15~19℃, salinity 34.5‰ and low D.O ranging 2.0~3.5ml/l and that was temperature less than 10℃, salinity less than 33.3‰ and high D,O greater than 4.5ml/l. The waters of intermediate characteristics between China Coastal Waters and Tsushima Current Waters seem to be resulted from the mixing occurred between the above tow waters, and it had temperature of 20.5~22.0℃, salinity of 32.3~33.3‰.
Extended Rank Criteria for Space-Time Codes with QAM Modulation
김정창,전경훈,Yongsang Kim 에스케이텔레콤 (주) 2004 Telecommunications Review Vol.14 No.3
Space-time coding is a coding technique for obtaining spatial diversity over multipath fading channels using multiple transmit antennas. Recently, Liu et al. developed the Σo -rank criteria for space-time codes. It provides a sufficient condition on codeword and generator matrices defined over finite rings Z2k(j) in order to ensure full spatial diversity with 22k -QAM modulation. Here, we generalize the Σo -rank criteria and derive a sufficient condition on the generator matrices defined over finite rings Z2l(j) in order to ensure full spatial diversity with 22k -QAM modulation for any positive integer l less than or equal to k.
미래융합미디어 서비스를 위한 차세대 방송 통신 전송 기술 발전방향
김정창,박성익 한국방송·미디어공학회 2021 방송과 미디어 Vol.26 No.1
전 세계 모바일 데이터 트래픽은 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며 이 중 상당 부분을 모바일 비디오 서비스가 차지할 것으로 전망되고 있다. 최근 방송 및 통신 전송 기술에서 전송용량 및 대역폭의 증대와 스펙트럼 이용의 유연성 및 효율성이 크게 개선됨에 따라 다양한 모바일 방송 서비스에 대한 기대가 고조되고 있다. 증가하는 모바일 방송 수요와 더불어 미래에는 이동통신 및 차세대 방송 기술의 융합을 통하여 초고화질 콘텐츠, VR/AR 등 다양한 미디어 서비스가 가능할 것으로 전망된다. 본고에서는 새로운 미디어 서비스를 위하여 이동통신과 지상파 방송에서 전송 기술들을 살펴보고, 이들 기술이 새로운 미디어 서비스를 제공하기 위한 발전 및 융합 방향에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.
김정창,이병국,이동훈,정용훈,조용수,이성민,이승준,박치호,정경운 대한응급의학회 2017 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.4 No.1
Objective We investigated the association between lactate clearance or serum lactate levels and neurologic outcomes or in-hospital mortality in cardiac arrest survivors who were treated with targeted temperature management (TTM). Methods A retrospective analysis of data from cardiac arrest survivors treated with TTM between 2012 and 2015 was conducted. Serum lactate levels were measured on admission and at 12, 24, and 48 hours following admission. Lactate clearance at 12, 24, and 48 hours was also calculated. The primary outcome was neurologic outcome at discharge. The secondary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Results The study included 282 patients; 184 (65.2%) were discharged with a poor neurologic outcome, and 62 (22.0%) died. Higher serum lactate levels at 12 hours (odds ratio [OR], 1.157; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.006 to 1.331), 24 hours (OR, 1.320; 95% CI, 1.084 to 1.607), and 48 hours (OR, 2.474; 95% CI, 1.459 to 4.195) after admission were associated with a poor neurologic outcome. Furthermore, a higher serum lactate level at 48 hours (OR, 1.459; 95% CI, 1.181 to 1.803) following admission was associated with in-hospital mortality. Lactate clearance was not associated with neurologic outcome or in-hospital mortality at any time point after adjusting for confounders. Conclusion Increased serum lactate levels after admission are associated with a poor neurologic outcome at discharge and in-hospital mortality in cardiac arrest survivors treated with TTM. Conversely, lactate clearance is not a robust surrogate marker of neurologic outcome or in-hospital mortality.
Azimuth thruster 시스템을 장착한 나라호의 조종성
김정창,강일권,이준호,함상준,박치완,김수형,KIM, Jung-Chang,KANG, Il-Kwon,LEE, Jun-Ho,HAM, Sang-Jun,PARK, Chi-Wan,KIM, Su-Hyeng 한국수산해양기술학회 2017 수산해양기술연구 Vol.53 No.3
The research vessel NARA equipped with an azimuth thruster system was built in 2015. There are few vessels with this propulsion system in Korea. This vessel has two modes such as the normal for maneuvering and the power for investigation, and the other two modes as one axis and two axes on the operating. This type of vessels does not seem to have a clear grasp of the maneuvering character in comparison with the vessel with a conventional propulsion system. So the authors carried out the sea test for the turning, the zigzag and the inclination, and the results are as follows. In turning test, the case of using the two axes mode is much better than the case of using the one axis mode for the elements of turning, such as advance, transfer, tactical diameter and final diameter, but turning hard over the rudder in full speed is very vulnerable to capsize in both modes. In zigzag test, the yaw quicking responsibility index, T is very large excessively, which means a bad counter maneuvering ability, so an operator has to keep in mind that in turning operation. If necessary to avoid collision at head on situation, it may be a more effective method to use the crash astern stop than the turning according to the conditions and circumstances for the shortest stopping distance is very short.