『정역(正易)』의 김화교역(金火交易)과 선후천변화원리에 관한 연구

김재홍 ( Kim Jea-hong ) 한국동서철학회 2017 동서철학연구 Vol.0 No.83

『정역』은 19세기 김일부 선생에 의해서 저술된 철학서이다. 『정역』의 핵심적 내용은 하도·낙서의 변화원리를 통한 금화교역과 선후천변화원리라고 할 수 있다. 본 고에서는 『정역』에서의 금화교역과 선후천변화원리에 대한 역 철학적인 함의를 논명하기 위해서 먼저, 하도·낙서와 역수에 대하여 살펴보고, 다음으로 『주역』에서의 선후천과 『정역』의 금화교역과 선후천변화원리의 역 철학적 함의를 구명하고자 한다. 『주역』에서는 천시天時를 기준의 성인지도의 가각여부를 선후천의 기준으로 삼고 있다. 그러나 『정역』에서는 하도낙서의 금화교역을 통한 선후천변화를 설명하고 있다. 『정역』에서의 역수의 의미는 무엇인가 본래 역수의 개념은『서경』「대우모」편과 『논어』 「요왈」편에서 처음 언급된 개념이지만 역수에 관해 체계적인 언급을 한 것은 『정역』이라 할 수 있다. 『정역』의 서문인 「대역서」에서 “역은 역(책력(冊曆))이니, 역(책력(冊曆))이 없으면 성인(聖人)도 없고, 성인이 없으면 역도 없다.”라고 밝히고 있다. 하도낙서와 역수는 어떤 상관성을 가지고 있는가』 역수의 표상체계가 하도·낙서이다. 왜냐하면 하도·낙서에 나타난 수리는 역수의 논리로 구성되어 있기 때문이다. 『주역』과는 달리 『정역』에서는 하도낙서의 금화자리가 교역함으로써 선후천변화가 이루어짐을 설명하고 있다. 즉 금화가 교역하니 천지비의 세상은 가고, 지천태의 세상이 온다는 것이다. 즉 현실세계인 낙서에서 미래의 이상세계인 하도세상으로 변화를 이룬다는 것이다. 그리고 『정역』에서는 삼백육십일의 세계를 후천세계로 규정하고 있다. 금화(오행의 금(金)과 화(火))가 교역하여 영원히 불변하는 삼백육십일의 완전한 세상을 이루는 근거를 두고 있다. 본 연구논문에서는 금화교역을 통한 선후천변화원리에 관한 역학적인 함의를 구명하기 위해서 하도·낙서와 역수원리, 금화교역과 선후천변화원리에 관하여 살펴보았다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 『주역』에서는 천도의 주체적 자각을 통해서 후천을 열어갈 수 있다는 것이다. 둘째, 『정역』에서는 금화교역을 통해서 대립과 갈등의 낙서세계를 극복하고 상생과 소통의 하도세상으로 선후천변화가 이루어진다는 것이다. 셋째, 『정역』에서 후천의 세계란 일 년 일수가 삼백육십일의 세계가 이루어진다는 것이다. 선후천이란 『주역』에서는 천시天時를 기준으로 한 성인지도聖人之道의 자각을 통해서 내 마음속에서 후천을 열어간다는 의미이요, 『정역』에서는 내면적인 자각과 더불어 물리적인 시간과 공간의 후천세계를 밝히고 있다는 차이를 확인할 수 있다. `Jeong-yeok` is a philosophy book written by Kim, Il-bu in 19th century. The core content of the book is the inter exchange of the Metal and Fire process and the principles of changes in the Early and Later Heavens based on principles of `River map` and `Luo book`. For a logical approach to philosophical meaning of the inter exchange of the Metal and Fire process and the principles of changes in the Early and Later Heavens, this study go first into details of `River map`, `Luo book` and the principle of Metaphysical Time. Next, this study clarifies the philosophical meaning of the inter exchange of the Metal and Fire process and the principles of changes in the Early and Later Heavens. What does Metaphysical Time in `Jeong-yeok` mean? Originally, the concept of Metaphysical Time was first mentioned in the `Dae-woo-mo-pyeon` of `Seo-Kyoung` and the `Yo-hwal-pyeon` of `the Analects of Confucius`, but the first systematic statement of Metaphysical Time was in `Jeong-yeok`. In `Dae-yeok-seo`, the preface of `Jeong-yeok`, it is written that `Change` is the almanac, therefore there would not be the saint without the almanac, and there would not be `Change` without him. The philosophical meaning of Metaphysical Time is that it is the Way of Haven, a concrete content of Metaphysical Time. It is because Metaphysical Time is the principle of operating time, and Number, as the symbol system to present the Way of Change, symbolizes changes of time. The fundamental principle of time is the Metaphysical Time. This means the principle of time is the evidence of metaphysical existence of time. The symbolic system of Metaphysical Time is `River map` and `Luo book` because the Number in `River map` and `Luo book` is built on the logic of Metaphysical Time. Metaphysical Time represent human nature `Jeoung-yeok` defines 360 day`s world is Later Heavens` world. The basis of immutable and unchangeable world consisted of 360 days accomplished by rotation of Metal and Fire is placed on the Ten-Five Present and support Principle and Four-calendar Change Use Principle This study search `River map` and `Luo book`, the principle of Metaphysical Time, the inter exchange of the Metal and Fire process and the principles of changes in the Early and Later Heavens to find a philosophical meaning on the principles of changes in the Early and Later Heavens. As the final outcome, this study came up with the following results First, `Jeong-yeok` tell that the changes in the Early and Later Heavens are accomplished by the inter exchange of the Metal and Fire process. Second, the Later Heavens is a world consisted of 360days a year and made by Ten-Five Present and Support Principle and Four-calendar Change Use Principle. Third, the Later Heavens can be opened by autonomous realization of the Way of Heaven when man and heaven become one. Forth, the study on changes in the Early and Later Heavens can present academic support of change of the Later Heavens from religious viewpoints. The principles of changes in the Early and Later Heavens by the inter exchange of the Metal and Fire process in `Jeoung-yeok` is interpreted from various views. However, regardless of any viewpoint and study method, philosophical studies on the inter exchange of the Metal and Fire process and the principles of changes in the Early and Later Heavens should be basis on them.

도어 폐속도의 영향을 주는 인자 연구

김재홍(Jea Hong Kim),김진호(Jin Ho Kim),이상현(Sang Hyun Lee),박병성(Byung Sung Park),최지호(Ji Ho Choi),서창만(Chang Man Seo) 한국자동차공학회 2016 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2016 No.5

Opening and Closing performance of door is the first feeling when customers get into a vehicle. Outstanding of closing performance means that customer is able to close a door with a minimum of closing force and door closing velocity also decrease. A lot of factors for decreasing closing velocity is in vehicle door system. There are some methods suggested in this paper to consider optimized system design through control or factors.

도어 닫힘성 최적화를 위한 실링 부품의 에너지 요구조건 연구

김재홍(Jea hong Kim),이상현(Sang hyun Lee),신도현(Do Hyun Shin),성지훈(Jeehoon Seong),박병성(Byoung sung Park),이범휘(Bum hee Lee),허순호(Soon ho Her) 한국자동차공학회 2017 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.5

Opening and Closing performance of door is the first feeling when customers get into a vehicle. Outstanding of closing performance means that customer is able to close a door with a minimum of closing energy and closing velocity of door is decreased at the same time. A lot of factors for decreasing closing velocity is in vehicle door system and Door sealing system is a representative part for door opening above all. There are some methods suggested in this paper to calculate forces of seal parts and predict a total sealing energy when door is closed in real car.

기온에 따른 콘크리트 타설 측압 실험 연구

노재명 ( Noh¸ Jea-myoung ),김재홍 ( Kim¸ Jae Hong ) 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2023 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.27 No.2

물시멘트비 40%, 플라이 애시 20% 치환, 슬럼프 4 in.(100mm)의 콘크리트를 수직방향 타설속도 1.5 ft/h(45cm/h)로 총 높이 10.5ft(315cm)를 타설할 경우 거푸집에 가해지는 측방향 압력을 계측하였다. 실험시 외기온에 따른 측압의 변화를 분석하였다.

콘크리트 타설속도가 낮은 경우 슬럼프와 거푸집 측압 관계

노재명(Noh, Jea Myoung),김재홍(Kim, Jae Hong) 한국콘크리트학회 2023 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.35 No.1

닭 전염성 후두기관염 생독백신의 안전성과 효능

한명국,이오수,김재홍,Han, Myung-Guk,Lee, O-Soo,Kim, Jea-Hong 대한수의학회 2002 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.42 No.2

Modified-live (ML) infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccines have been widely used as a preventive measure in Korea since the first outbreak of ITL. Recently, it has been observed that chickens vaccinated with the commercially available ML ILT vaccine have sometimes exhibited adverse clinical signs. In this study, we evaluated the quality of the vaccines by comparing titer of each vaccine batch and testing the stability of ILT virus (ILTV) in vaccine diluents and compared the safety and efficacy of vaccines in specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. The ratio of maximum titer to minimum titer of vaccine produced by most manufacturers was 2 to 15. However, 2 out of 11 manufacturers produced vaccines of which the ratio was 74 to 478. Most vaccines examined were maintained vaccine titers suitable for national regulations within expiry date. However, some vaccines did not keep the titer required for the national regulations. In the test for stability of ILTV in various diluents, ILTV was highly stable in lactose-phosphate-glutamine-gelatin solution, sucrose-phophate-glutamine-albumin solution and some vaccine diluents produced by manufacturers. The safety of ML ILT vaccines was assessed in 10-day-old SPF chicks. Mortality in SPF chicks inoculated intratracheally with one dose of vaccine varied depending on vaccines and some vaccines produced 50-85% mortality. Seven-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated intraocularly with ML ILT vaccines and then challenged intratracheally with ILT challenge virus 14 days after vaccination. The protection rate was assessed by clinical signs and reisolation of the ILT challenge virus from tracheas taken at day 4 after challenge. There were slight respiratory reactions in some vaccinated chickens after vaccination but these reactions disappeared within 5 days after vaccination. No further clinical signs and death were observed. Protection rate determined by clinical signs and mortality was 100% in all vaccinated groups. However, the challenge virus was isolated from all tracheas of chickens vaccinated with vaccine B or control groups. The challenge virus was also isolated in the trachea of one in five chickens vaccinated with either vaccine F or K, but not in tracheas of chickens vaccinated with other vaccines. In the present study, the stability of vaccine diluents, pathogenicity and protection rate based on reisolation test of the challenge virus were different depending on vaccines produced by eleven manufacturers.

타설속도가 낮은 경우 콘크리트 온도와 거푸집 측압 관계

노재명(Noh, Jea Myoung),김재홍(Kim, Jae Hong) 한국콘크리트학회 2023 한국콘크리트학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.35 No.2

ARIMA모델을 활용한 연약지반 침하예측

임은상(Eun-Sang Im),김재홍(Jea-Hong Kim),이종욱(Jong-Wook Lee) 한국지반환경공학회 2011 한국지반환경공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2011 No.9

전기비저항 탐사에 의한 차수그라우팅 건전도 모니터링

임은상(Eun-Sang IM),신동훈(Dong-Hoon SHIN),김재홍(Jea-Hong KIM),김완영(Wan-Young KIM) 한국지반환경공학회 2007 한국지반환경공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2007 No.-

프리캐스트바닥판 고장력 볼트 접합부의 마찰 저항력에 관한 실험적 연구

한만엽(Han Man Yop),전용식(Jeon Yong Sik),진경석(Jin Kyung Seok),김재홍(Kim Jea Hong) 대한토목학회 2007 대한토목학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.10