정지용의 일본어 시 개작과 『聲』에 실린 종교시

김동희(Kim, Dong-hee) 한국근대문학회 2016 한국근대문학연구 Vol.17 No.1

이 논문은 정지용이 일본 유학 중 창작한 일본어 시의 의미를 되짚어 보고 새로 발굴된 자료인 일본 종교잡지 『聲』에 실린 지용의 일본어 작품을 검토해보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 현재 확인되는 지용의 일본어 작품은 총 65편, 중복되는 작품을 제외하면 47편, 이 중 국문 시와 관련 있는 작품은 20편이다. 본문에서는 국문시와 관련성이 있는 20편의 일본어 작품들을 발표년도에 따라 정리해보고 지용의 일본어 시에 대해 검토해보았으며 『聲』에 실린 지용의 종교시편을 살펴보았다. 지용은 초기 동요와 민요풍의 시를 창작하다가 근대시로 작품 변환을 시도하였다. 지용에게 일본 유학은 근대시를 쓰는 과정에서 중요한 계기가 된 것으로 보인다. 지용은 일본어를 빌려 창작활동을 하였는데 그 과정을 통해 궁극적으로 도달하고자 한 바는 조선어로 근대시를 창작하는 것이었다. 지용이 다수의 작품을 동일하거나 유사한 제목과 내용으로 국문과 일본어로 발표한 것은 조선어로 근대시를 창작하기 위한 과도기적 과정이었다고 추측된다. 지용은 국문으로 창작한 시를 일본어로, 일본어로 창작한 시를 국문으로 바꾸는 과정을 통해 조선어로 근대시를 구현해 낼 수 있는 방법을 강구해나간 것이다. 지용은 일본 유학을 마친 이후로는 일본어로 시를 발표한 적이 없는 것으로 알려져 있었는데, 최근 일본의 종교잡지 『聲』(1942.9)에 지용의 일본어 시 「勝利者金アンドレア」(勝利者金안드레아), 「不死鳥」, 「臨終」 3편이 게재된 것을 확인하였다. 『聲』에 실린 종교시 3편은 지용의 개작작품이라는 큰 범주에는 포섭되나, 일본 유학시기 발표한 다른 일본어 작품들과는 구별해 검토해야 할 필요가 있다고 보았다. 일본 유학시기 발표한 일본어 시들은 지용의 자발적인 내적 욕구에 의해 탄생한 것이라면, 『聲』에 실린 일본어 시는 종교적 특수성 때문에 외부로부터 호출되어 활용된 것이기 때문이다. This article examines the newly found Japanese works of Jeong Ji-yong, published in the Japanese religious magazine 『Voice』(『聲』, 1942.9). These works ruminate on the significance of Japanese poetry during Jeong Ji-yong’s staying in Japan as a student. There are currently 65 works attributed to Jeong Ji-yong; after removing duplicates, 47 works remain with 20 being closely related to his Korean work and including similar titles and content. This study organizes these 20 works chronologically to review the significance of Jeong Ji-yong’s Japanese poetry and examine his religious poetry published in 『Voice』. In his early years, Jeong Ji-yong created poems similar to children’s songs and folk songs. He gradually attempted to transition to modern style poetry, and his studying in Japan was a significant influence on his style. Jeong Ji-yong deliberately used Japanese when creating his modern Korean poems. It is speculated that publishing similar works both in Korean and Japanese was his transitional attempt to create Korean modern poetry. He tried to realize a complete form for Korean modern poetry using an iterative process of transforming Japanese works into Korean and vice versa. Jeong Ji-yong stopped publishing any Japanese poems after returning from Japan. However, it has recently been identified that three of his works 「Winner Andrew Kim」 (「勝利者金アンドレア」), 「Phoenix」 (「不死鳥」), and 「Death」 (「臨終」), which were written in Japanese, were published in the Japanese magazine 『Voice』. Even though these three works are included in the 20 works published in both Japanese and Korean, they must be studied separately from the rest of his Japanese poems, which were published during his stay in Japan and based on his own desires. In contrast, the three works in 『Voice』 were based on external requests and used for religious purposes.

경골어류 잉어과 쉬리(Coreoleuciscus splendidus)의 난자형성과정

김동희,김완종,등영건,김석,이규재,Kim, Dong-Heui,Kim, Wan-Jong,Teng, Yung-Chien,Kim, Seok,Lee, Kyu-Jae 한국현미경학회 2010 Applied microscopy Vol.40 No.1

경골어류, 잉어과, 모래무지아과에 속하는 쉬리(Coreoleuciscus splendidus)의 난자형성과정을 광학현미경으로 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 쉬리의 난소는 한 쌍으로 부레와 창자사이에 위치하고 있었으며 회색을 띠었다. 난소의 형태는 장타원형(장축 20 mm, 단축 5 mm)이었다. 난원세포는 다각형으로 세포질은 호염기성이었고 핵 안에 여러 개의 인들이 분포하고 있었다. 초기시기의 제1난모세포(primary oocyte)는 난원세포에 비하여 크기가 커졌으며 난황포(yolk vesicle)들은 핵 주변부에는 관찰되지 않았고 세포질의 가장자리에만 국한적으로 형성되기 시작하였다. 제1난모세포가 발달함에 따라서 난황포는 바깥 가장자리에서 안쪽으로 증식되어 핵 쪽으로 이동되었으며 난막 바깥쪽은 짙은 푸른색의 여포상피(follicular epithelium)로 싸여 있었다. 그러나 핵의 주변부는 아직 푸른색을 띠고 있었다. 제2난모세포는 세포질이 전체적으로 호산성이었으며 난황포가 세포질 전체에 분포하였다. 성숙한 난자는 난자의 크기가 상당히 커졌으며 난막이 두꺼워졌다. 또한 난황포는 난황괴(yolk mass)로 전환되었다. 이상과 같이 쉬리의 난자형성과정은 난세포의 크기 증가, 난황낭의 축적, 세포질 내 염기성 물질이 산성으로 전환 및 난막의 발달로 요약될 수 있으며 일반적인 다른 과의 담수경골어류와 큰 차이는 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 본 어종의 종특이성을 찾기 위해서 난막의 미세구조적 연구가 추가적으로 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Coreoleuciscus splendidus is a teleost belonging to Gobioninae, Cyprinidae. The oogenesis was investigated by light microscope. The ovary was located between intestine and air bladder, a grayish and ellipsoidal shape with the major axis 20 mm and the minor axis 5 mm. Cytoplasm of oogonia was basophilic and many nucleoli were located at inside of nuclear membrane. In primary oocytes, yolk vesicles were distributed only in the marginal area and egg envelope was not formed on the outside of an egg. In secondary oocytes, the egg envelope was formed and yolk vesicles in the cytoplasm were increased than the earlier stage. The basophilic substance of cytoplasm was changed to acidic. In case of matured egg, thickness of egg envelope and size of egg were increased. The yolk vesicles were changed to yolk mass in accordance with development. In conclusion, the oogenesis of C. splendidus was characterized by the increase in cell size, the formation and accumulation of yolk, and the decrease of basophilic substance in the cytoplasm. The oogenesis of C. splendidus is similar with other Cyprinidae fishes. But further study on ultrastructural study of fertilized egg envelope will be necessary to get the species specificity.

경골어류 황어아과 버들치의 정자형성과정

김동희,장병수,김완종,이명선,등영건,김석,이규재,Kim, Dong-Heui,Chang, Byung-Soo,Kim, Wan-Jong,Lee, Myeong-Seon,Teng, Yung-Chien,Kim, Seok,Lee, Kyu-Jae 한국현미경학회 2010 Applied microscopy Vol.40 No.1

경골어류 잉어과(Cyprinidae), 황어아과(Leuciscinae)에 속하는 버들치(Rhynchocypris oxycephalus)의 정자형성과정과 정자의 형태를 광학현미경과 전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 버들치의 정소는 부레와 창자사이에 위치하고 있었고 장축 약 2.3 cm, 단축 약 6 mm 정도로 팽창된 긴방추형이었고 흰색을 띠고 있었다. 정자형성과정은 정소낭(testicular cyst)에서 이루어졌으며, 각 정소낭 내에서 다양한 분화시기의 생식세포가 분포하고 있었다. 정원세포는 전자밀도가 매우 낮고 미토콘드리아의 발달이 현저하였다. 제1정모세포는 원형으로 정원세포보다 크기가 작았고 제2정모세포는 제1정모세포보다 더 작아졌고 핵의 전자 밀도는 더 높았다. 정세포의 초기발달시기에는 세포의 크기가 정모세포보다 작아졌고 두부의 전자밀도가 높아졌으며 편모가 형성되기 시작하였고 미토콘드리아는 핵 주변에 분포하였다. 정자 완성과정 말기에는 핵의 염색질 응축이 뚜렷하였으며 핵은 세포질 한쪽에 치우쳐 있었고, 미토콘드리아는 편모 주변에 집중되었다. 완전히 성숙한 정자의 경우 두부형태는 구형이었고 두부에서 첨체는 관찰되지 않았으며 편모의 미세소관 배열은 9+2구조를 이루고 있었다. 또한 편모 양쪽으로 lateral fin은 관찰되지 않았다. The ultrastructure of spermatogenesis and sperm in Chinese minnow, Rhynchocypris oxycephalus belonging to Leuciscinae was investigated by light and electron microscopes. The whitish testis was located between intestine and air bladder. The size of testis was major axis 2.3 cm, minor axis 6 mm. The testis contained numerous testicular cysts, and spermatogenesis was non-synchronized in these testicular cysts. In the case of spermatogonium, the nucleus was comparatively large ellipsoidal, and mitochondria showed a marked development. The size of primary spermatocyte was smaller than that of spermatogonia, and secondary spermatocyte was smaller than primary spermatocyte. The chromatin of spermatocyte was highly condensed according to their development. The nucleus with electron-dense was round shape. In spermiogenesis, flagella started to be formed and chromatin was more condensed. The mitochondria were rearranged in a middle piece. The sperm was formed by loss of cytoplasm. The head of mature sperm was a spherical shape and have not acrosome. The microtubules of flagella were arranged 9+2 structure. Also, the tail of sperm have not lateral fins.

정보의 적시성과 책임의식

김동희,Kim, Dong-Hui 한국IT전문가협회 1987 소프트웨어세계 Vol.1 No.-

Nuss Procedure for Surgical Stabilization of Anterior Flail Chest with Mechanical Ventilation Weaning Failure: A Case Report

김동희,윤승근,이근동,Kim Dong Kwan 대한흉부외과학회 2022 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.55 No.2

Flail chest is a critical medical condition in which multiple segmentally fractured adjacent ribs cause paradoxical movement of the thoracic cage in patients with severe blunt trauma injury. Surgical stabilization is considered essential in patients who require mechanical ventilation. However, there is no consensus on which surgical procedure to choose among the various available techniques or when to perform surgery. We report the case of a patient with traumatic anterior flail chest due to bilateral multiple fractures of the ribs requiring surgical stabilization in whom weaning from mechanical ventilation had failed. The Nuss procedure using double bars with the bridge technique was performed for chest wall stabilization. The patient was weaned from mechanical ventilation on postoperative day 44 and she underwent bar removal on postoperative day 71. After extensive rehabilitation for multiple trauma, she was discharged successfully. The patient currently shows no recurrence of chest wall depression in outpatient follow-up.

장인정신으로의 의식개혁

김동희,Kim, Dong-Hui 한국IT전문가협회 1994 소프트웨어세계 Vol.2 No.-

회원작품 - 라온재

김동희,Kim, Dong-Hui 대한건축사협회 2016 建築士 Vol.2016 No.2

저선량 ${\gamma}$선이 기냐 생산된 감자 소괴경의 휴면과 생에 미치는 효과

김동희,백명화,전재흥,김재성,Kim, Dong-Hee,Back, Myung-Hwa,Jeon, Jae-Heung,Kim, Jae-Sung 한국환경생물학회 2001 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.19 No.4

저선량 ${\gamma}$선 조사가 기내 유기한 대지와 수미 감자 소괴경의 맹아율과 식물체 생장 및 생리활성에 미치는 효과 등을 알아보고자 감자 소괴경의 저장기간별로 ${\gamma}$선을 0.5${\sim}$30Gy 까지 조사하여 pot실험을 수행하였다. 감자 소괴경의 휴면과 생육에 대한 저선량 ${\gamma}$선 효과는 품종과 저장기간에 따라 다소 차이가 있었다. 대지 품종의 경우 대체로 2,4,8Gy에서 대조구에 비해 높은 맹아 출현율을 보였고, 온실 재배에서는 4,8,16Gy에서 비교적 양호한 생육과 수량 증가 효과를 보였다. 수미 품종에서의 맹아 출현은 2Gy와 4Gy에서 촉진되었고 0.5Gy와 4Gy에서 양호한 생육 및 수량을 보였다. 엽록소 함량은 저선량 ${\gamma}$선 조사구에서 대조구에 비해 뚜렷한 증가효과를 보이지 않았다. 이에 저선량 ${\gamma}$선이 감자의 휴면타파와 생육촉진에 효과가 있음을 확인할 수가 있었다. To observe the stimulating effect of low dose ${\gamma}$ radiation on the dormancy breaking and growth, microtubers induced in vitro of two potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Dejima and cv. Superior) cultivars with different storage duration were irradiated with ${\gamma}$ radiation at the dose of $0.5{\sim}30$ Gy. Sprouting rate, growth and tuber yield of ‘Dejima’ microtuber were increased by ${\gamma}$ radiation in the range of $2{\sim}16$ Gy. In the microtuber of ‘Superior’, the sprouting rate was promoted by 2 Gy and 4 Gy irradiation, and the growth and tuber yield by 0.5 Gy and 4 Gy irradiation. There were not that much difference in chlorophyll content of potato plantlet by the low dose ${\gamma}$ irradiation. These results suggested that low dose ${\gamma}$ radiation stimulated the dormancy breaking and potato growth.

Preparation of Nanosized Palladium Oxide Powder with Average Particle Size Below 30 nm by Spray Pyrolysis Process

김동희,유재근,Kim, Donghee,Yu, Jaekeun The Korean Institute of Resources Recycling 2018 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.27 No.2

This study was conducted as a preliminary study for the recycling of palladium and palladium oxide. In this study, thermodynamic equations for the formation of palladium oxide (PdO) are established. Palladium chloride is dissolved into hydrochloric acid to generate a palladium chloride solution. Nanosized palladium oxide powder with an average particle size below 30 nm were generated from this raw material solution by means of a spray pyrolysis process. The palladium oxide particles were composed of a single solid crystal. The results of XRD analysis showed that only a PdO phase of the generated powder was formed. And, the specific surface area of the generated palladium powder was approximately $32m^2/g$.

Preparation of Nano Sized Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Powder with Average Particle Size Below 30 nm from Waste ITO Target by Spray Pyrolysis Process

김동희,유재근,Kim, Donghee,Yu, Jaekeun The Korean Institute of Resources Recycling 2018 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.27 No.2

In this study, waste ITO target is dissolved into hydrochloric acid to generate a complex indium-tin chloride solution. Nano sized ITO powder with an average particle size below 30 nm are generated from these raw material solutions by spray pyrolysis process. Also, in this study, thermodynamic equations for the formation of indium-tin oxide (ITO) are established. As the reaction temperature increased from $800^{\circ}C$ to $900^{\circ}C$, the proportion and size of the spherical droplet shape in which nano sized particles aggregated gradually decreased, and the surface structure gradually became densified. When the reaction temperature was $800^{\circ}C$, the average particle size of the generated powder was about 20 nm, and no significant sintering was observed. At a reaction temperature of $900^{\circ}C$, the split of the droplet was more severe than at $800^{\circ}C$, and the rate of maintenance of the initial atomized droplet shape decreased sharply. The average particle size of the powder formed was about 25 nm. The ITO particles were composed of single solid crystals, regardless of reaction temperature. XRD analysis showed that only the ITO phase was formed. Remarkably, the specific surface area decreased by about 30% as the reaction temperature increased from $800^{\circ}C$ to $900^{\circ}C$.