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미사의 재개를 통해본 센에와즈도의 재기독교화(1794~1797)
白仁鎬(Baik In-ho) 역사학회 2004 역사학보 Vol.0 No.182
The French Revolution fundamentally changed the relationship between religion and politics. By 1795, the Revolution had not only nationalized church lands, closed most of the churches throughout France, but has also driven most of the clergy to abdicate, go into hiding, or leave the country. In the past, most historians have portrayed Catholic activism as primarily allied with counterrevolution. Recently, some historians like Susan Desan have revealed that Catholicism was not counter-revolutionary in central and northern France because these pro-revolutionary regions experienced a Catholic revival after the fall of Rebespierre. This research verifies the thesis of Desan regarding the department of Seine-et-Oise, which surrounded the capital. Seine-et-Oise represents the post-Thermidorien Catholic revival in the pro-revolutionary regions. The acceptance of the Civil Constitution of 1791 was very high. Seine-et-Oise shared with the Paris Basin the experience of an intense and widespread de-christianization campaign. Clerical abdications were high, many churches were closed, and new revolutionary festivals initially drew many crowds. In this article we explore the re-christianization and focus on the reopening of Catholic mass between 1794 and 1797. To this end, we have used the archives of Seine-et-Oise, which have preserved a few precious sources, including reports of religious activities to the authorities (l LV 766) and enquetes of the Year Ⅵ on the clergy group (1 LV 769). We find that the Catholics in Seine-et-Oise recovered very quickly after the decree of Ventose Year Ⅲ. 36.0% of the region restarted mass in Year Ⅳ, 44.0% in Year Ⅴ, 65.5% in Year Ⅵ. These statistics verify the thesis of Desan in some respects although further in-depth research is required. The Catholics in this department, as in the Yonne, welcomed the Revolution and at the same time clung to their traditional Catholic beliefs and practices.
백인호(Baik, In-ho) 역사학회 2011 역사학보 Vol.0 No.211
Year 2009 and 2010 saw the abundant fruits of Academic achievements by researchers of the French and Italian history. During this period, they produced 7 books, 10 translated books, 7 book reviews, 2 doctoral dissertations, and 94 articles. These 94 articles can be divided into 6 groups by chronological order: 19 articles for the period before the French Revolution, 8 for the French Revolution, 7 from the Napoleonic period to the 1871, 11 from the 3rd Republic to WWI, and 36 from WWI to the present. French historians made a big progress especially in the field of Ancien Regime (19 articles) and the contemporary history after WWI (36 ones). As we found dramatic changes from 51 articles in 1999~2000 to 94 in 2009~2010, we discovered the ‘amazing’ progress for the historiography of French & Italian history in Korea. It is due to recent emphasis of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology on the competition among universities, which causes them to push the professors to publish as many articles as possible. This distorts a general progress of Academic research, because it causes the researchers a tendency to ignore Academic books and translation of foreign monographies, but only to focus on publishing articles. For the development of French & Italian history in Korea, we suggest more activities in collective researches, further researches in transnational & global history, and publishing more books and translation of foreign monographies.
우울증 환자 치료에 있어서 Tianeptine과 Sertraline의 효과와 안전성 비교
이민수,강성민,기백석,연병길,오병훈,이철,채정민,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.2
연구목적: 주요 우울증의 치료에 있어서 티아넵틴과 써트랄린의 임상적 효과와 안정성을 비교하기 위하여 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: DSM-IV 진단 기준에 의거하여 주요 우울증의 진단기준에 부합되고 17항목 해밀턴 우울척도 점수가 14점 이상인 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 총 40명의 환자를 무작위적 방식에 따라 티아넵틴 치료군과 써트랄린 치료군으로 분류하였다. 선탠된 환자에서 다른 항우울제를 복용하고 있는 경우 7일 이상의 약물 배설기간을 가진 후 티아넵틴과 써트랄린을 각각 6주간 투여하였으며, 기준점, 1주후, 2주 후, 4주 후, 6주 후에 HAM-D, MADRS, 그리고 CGI, COVI 등을 사용하여 평가하였다. 본 연구기간 중 발생된 모든 부작용은 부작용의 발생 및 소실 시기, 심한 정도, 발생 빈도, 관련 조치 및 결과에 대하여 증례기록서에 기록하도록 하였다. 결과: 30명(티아넵틴군 15명 ; 써트랄린군 15명)이 6주간의 연구를 완결하였고 티아넵틴 치료군에서는 1일 37.5mg을 투여하였으며 써트랄린군에서는 1일 평균 64.0±22.5mg을 투여하였다. 본 연구 결과 HAM-D, MADRS, CGI 상에서 두 군 모두에서 치료 1주 후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었으며 이는 2주 후, 4주 후, 6주 후에도 지속적인 감소를 보였고 두 군간에 항우울 효과의 차이는 없었다. 활력징후, 일반 혈액학, 생화학, 심전도 검사 등에서는 두 군 모두 유의한 변화는 없었다. 티아넵틴과 관련된 부작용으로 흔히 보고한 증상은 오심(33.3%), 복부 불쾌감(26.7%), 구강 건조(20.0%), 두통(13.3%)등 이었고 써트랄린 치료군에서는 구강 건조(53.3%), 두통(46.7%), 오심(33.3%), 그리고 식욕 부진(33.3%)등으로 티아넵틴군에서 보다 적은 발현빈도를 보였다. 결론: 티아넵틴은 우울증의 치료에 있어서 효과적이고, 내약성이 우수한, 안전한 항우울제이다. Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tianeptine and sertraline in the treatment of patients with depression. Method: The study was done on the patients with major depression diagnosed by DSM-IV, who had aHamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D) score ≥ 14 on the first 17 items of the HAM-D. A total of 40 patients were randomly assigned to tianeptine group and sertraline group. Tianeptine and sertraline were prescribed to each group. 6 weeks of each medication was carried out after 7 days of drug excretion period. Evaluation using 17 item HAM-D, Montgomery and Åsberg Depression Rating Scale(MADRS), Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI), and Covi Scale was done on the baseline and after 1 week, 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks. Regrding all side effects that had occurred during the period of our study such as their developed/disappeaed time, severitien, incidences, managements and results have been recorded. Results: A total of 30 patients(tianeptine group 15 ; sertraline froup 15) finished the 6 weeks of research. 37.5mg of the daily dose was regularly prescribed to the tianeptine group, the average amount of 64.0±22.5mg of the final daily dose was prescribed to the sertraline group. Total 17 item HAM-D scores, total points of MADRS and CGI showed significant decrease after 1 week in each treatment froup and continous decrease after 2, 4 and 6 weeks ; and no difference was found between tianeptine group and sertaline group in the antidepressant efficacy. Also there were no significant changes in vital sign, CBC, chemistry, and EKG in each treatment group. The common reported side effects of tianeptine were nausea(33.3%), epigastic distress(26.7%), dry mouth(20.0%), headache(13.3%) and those of sertraline were dry mouth (53.3%), headache(46.7%), nausea(33.3%), anorexia(33.3%). Conclusion: According to the results, tianeptine was effective in improvement of depressive symptoms and was well tolerated and safe in patients with depression.