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Consumerism and Sustainable Development:An Austrailian-South Korean Comparative Study
Patrick Mullins,정대연,John S. Western,Ian Lowe,Rod Simpson 한국사회과학협의회 2004 Korean Social Science Journal Vol.31 No.1
This paper addresses a socio-cultural contradiction, one that is of monumental proportion, being global in scale and allegedly threatening the survival of the natural and social worlds. It emanates from two cultural imperatives - consumerism and environmentalism - and their consequent behaviours - consumption and environmental behaviour. Consumerism is a cultural imperative that demands we appropriate as many goods and services as possible and that we should do this essentially for fun and enjoyment. In contradistinction, environmentalism is the cultural imperative that demands we act in an environmentally sustainable way and, most particularly, do this by cutting back on consumption and against a backdrop of a impending
Christopher M. Hill,Hunter DeBusk,Jeffrey D. Simpson,Brandon L. Miller,Adam C. Knight,John C. Garner,Chip Wade,Harish Chander 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.3
Background: Performing cognitive tasks and muscular fatigue have been shown to increase muscle activity of the lower extremity during quiet standing. A common intervention to reduce muscular fatigue is to provide a softer shoe-surface interface. However, little is known regarding how muscle activity is affected by softer shoe-surface interfaces during static standing. The purpose of this study was to assess lower extremity muscular activity during erect standing on three different standing surfaces, before and after an acute workload and during cognitive tasks. Methods: Surface electromyography was collected on ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors, and knee flexors and extensors of fifteen male participants. Dependent electromyography variables of mean, peak, root mean square, and cocontraction index were calculated and analyzed with a 2×2×3 withinsubject repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Pre-workload muscle activity did not differ between surfaces and cognitive task conditions. However, greater muscle activity during post-workload balance assessment was found, specifically during the cognitive task. Cognitive task errors did not differ between surface and workload. Conclusions: The cognitive task after workload increased lower extremity muscular activity compared to quite standing, irrespective of the surface condition, suggesting an increased demand was placed on the postural control system as the result of both fatigue and cognitive task.
Hill, Christopher M.,DeBusk, Hunter,Simpson, Jeffrey D.,Miller, Brandon L.,Knight, Adam C.,Garner, John C.,Wade, Chip,Chander, Harish Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2019 Safety and health at work Vol.10 No.3
Background: Performing cognitive tasks and muscular fatigue have been shown to increase muscle activity of the lower extremity during quiet standing. A common intervention to reduce muscular fatigue is to provide a softer shoe-surface interface. However, little is known regarding how muscle activity is affected by softer shoe-surface interfaces during static standing. The purpose of this study was to assess lower extremity muscular activity during erect standing on three different standing surfaces, before and after an acute workload and during cognitive tasks. Methods: Surface electromyography was collected on ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors, and knee flexors and extensors of fifteen male participants. Dependent electromyography variables of mean, peak, root mean square, and cocontraction index were calculated and analyzed with a $2{\times}2{\times}3$ within-subject repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Pre-workload muscle activity did not differ between surfaces and cognitive task conditions. However, greater muscle activity during post-workload balance assessment was found, specifically during the cognitive task. Cognitive task errors did not differ between surface and workload. Conclusions: The cognitive task after workload increased lower extremity muscular activity compared to quite standing, irrespective of the surface condition, suggesting an increased demand was placed on the postural control system as the result of both fatigue and cognitive task.
Leulier, Franç,ois,MacNeil, Lesley T.,Lee, Won-jae,Rawls, John F.,Cani, Patrice D.,Schwarzer, Martin,Zhao, Liping,Simpson, Stephen J. Elsevier 2017 Cell metabolism Vol.25 No.3
<P>Nutrition is paramount in shaping all aspects of animal biology. In addition, the influence of the intestinal microbiota on physiology is now widely recognized. Given that diet also shapes the intestinal microbiota, this raises the question of how the nutritional environment and microbial assemblages together influence animal physiology. This research field constitutes a new frontier in the field of organismal biology that needs to be addressed. Here we review recent studies using animal models and humans and propose an integrative framework within which to define the study of the diet-physiology-microbiota systems and ultimately link it to human health. Nutritional Geometry sits centrally in the proposed framework and offers means to define diet compositions that are optimal for individuals and populations.</P>
Lee, Hee Seok,Park, Jun Won,Chertov, Oleg,Colantonio, Simona,Simpson, John T.,Fivash, Matthew J.,Yoo, Chong Woo,Lee, Geon Kook,Zo, Jae Ill,Kim, Heung Tae,Kim, Hark Kyun Blackwell Publishing Asia 2012 Pathology international Vol.62 No.1
<P>To date, most of the proteomic analyses on lung cancer tissue samples have been performed using surgical specimens, which are obtained after a diagnosis is made. To determine if a proteomic signature obtained from bronchoscopic biopsy samples could be found to assist with diagnosis, 50 lung cancer bronchoscopic biopsy samples and 13 adjacent normal lung tissue samples were analyzed using histology‐directed, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS). Lung tissue samples were cryosectioned, and sinapinic acid was robotically deposited on areas of each tissue section enriched in epithelial cells, either tumor or normal. Mass spectra were acquired using a MALDI‐time of flight instrument. Small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) demonstrated clearly different protein profiles from normal lung tissue and from non‐small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Calcyclin (<I>m/z</I>= 10 094.7) was identified to be underexpressed in small cell lung cancers, as compared with non‐small cell lung cancers and normal lung tissue. An immunohistochemistry study using 152 NSCLCs and 21 SCLCs confirmed significantly reduced calcyclin stain in SCLCs. Thus, protein profiles obtained from bronchoscopic biopsy samples via MALDI MS distinguish cancerous epithelium from normal lung tissue and between NSCLCs and SCLCs.</P>
Ji-Eun Kim,Ryohei Yamaguchi,Keith B. Rodgers,Axel Timmermann,Sun-Seon Lee,Karl Stein,Gokhan Danabasoglu,Jean-Francois Lamarque,John T. Fasullo,Clara Deser,Isla Simpson,Jennifer E. Kay 한국기상학회 2021 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2021 No.10
A merged biomass burning (BB) aerosol emission dataset of satellite observations with fire proxies and fire models has been used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulations for the historical period. Although this utilizes best estimates of fire emissions based on available observations, it results in inconsistency in interannual variability of BB forcing in CMIP6 between the satellite-based Global Fire Emissions Database period (1997-2014) and other periods. Here, we present multiyear mean climate responses to interannually varying BB emissions using the Community Earth System Model version 2 Large Ensemble (CESM2-LE) in which 50 members follow the CMIP6-provided BB emissions and another 50 members are forced by a temporally smoothed version of the same BB emissions. This design of the CESM2-LE provides a unique opportunity to identify a forced climate response to interannual fluctuations of fire emissions with high fidelity. While mean aerosol emissions are approximately conserved between the two sets of ensembles, there are detectable losses of Arctic sea ice and warming of the Northern Hemisphere in response to variable emissions. We also find that the multiyear warming occurs in concert with a net loss of soil ice and water in addition to the loss of sea ice. Investigation of the seasonal evolution of perturbations and responses suggests that these net changes are due to a nonlinear response of ice melting and freezing to decreased and increased BB aerosols, respectively, that are further enhanced by various feedbacks. Our findings highlight that interannual variability in aerosols can influence climate over timescales of multiple years through interactions with the cryosphere.