국내 젖소의 유방 특성에 관한 연구

이정치,이정길,이채용,Lee, Jeong-chi,Lee, Chung-gil,Lee, Chai-yong 대한수의학회 2004 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.44 No.1

This study was conducted to analyze the relationship between the occurrence of mastitis and the conformation of udders, teats, and teat tips of Holstein cows raised in Korea. Udders, teats, and teat tips were categorized by their conformation and the teat length, teat diameter and the distance from the tip of teat to the ground of 259 cows were measured. The most common shapes of udder, teats and teat tip were milking machine udder (27.4%), U-shaped teats (53.9%) and disk teat tip (53.8%), respectively. Mean teat length and diameters were 4.78 cm and 3.11 cm, respectively. The length and the diameter of front teats were significantly longer and wider than those of rear teats. However, the distance of the tip of teats to the ground was similar between front teats $(50.5{\pm}7.51cm)$ and rear teats $(50.7{\pm}8.83cm)$. The average daily milk yield was 26.4 kg/day, and the highest milk yield was observed from cows with large udder shape and above 4th lactation.

로봇 착유기의 착유컵 자동착탈을 위한 착유우의 유두위치 조사분석

권두중,김웅,이대원,Kwon, D.J.,Kim, W.,Lee, D.W. 한국축산환경학회 2002 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.8 No.3

The distance between teats of each head on twenty heads of holstein was measured in Nation Livestock Research Institute of Rural Development Administration to find design variables on the teat-cup attachment system of the auto-milking system before milking. The distance between teats was tested by the steps for milk producing in the morning and evening. The results from this study is summarized as follow. 1 The maximum and minimum length between front teats were 297mm and 112mm respectively, the maximum and minimum length between rear teats were 231mm and 36mm and the maximum and minimum length between left front and left rear were 220 and 84mm. And the maximum length of right front and right rear were 205mm and 90mm. A relative position of the each teats was asymmetric. 2. The size of teats, the length between front teats, and the length between rear teats by lactating period were very much changed for its milking. 3. The design variables on the teat-cup attachment system was found by the length between each teats tested. Since the position of teat-cup is changed by milking environment for a cow to milk, the design variables should be considered to be asymmetric area between four teat of COW.

Effects of an odor or taste stimulus applied to an artificial teat on the suckling behavior of newborn dairy calves

Malidaki, Maria,Laska, Matthias Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology 2018 한국축산학회지 Vol.60 No.1

Background: In their first days of life, dairy calves in artificial rearing systems often have difficulty using an artificial teat for feeding. Methods: We examined the age at which calves are able to stand up voluntarily and suckle as well as their suckling behavior when presented with a plain dry teat versus a dry teat modified with a presumably attractive odor or taste substance. Single-housed newborn dairy calves (n = 51) were presented for ten consecutive days with a two-minute two-choice test, in which suckling time was recorded for 1) a plain (control) teat versus a glucose-coated teat (taste test) and 2) a plain teat versus a teat with a "Freshly Cut Grass" odor (odor test). Results: On average, the calves were able to stand up voluntarily and suckle from the second or third day of age on. The "Freshly Cut Grass" odor had no significant effect on their suckling behavior. In contrast, the calves showed a significant preference for suckling the glucose-coated teat and displayed a significantly longer total suckling time in the taste test compared to the odor test. There were no significant differences between sexes regarding suckling behavior. Conclusion: The results of the present study show that glucose had a significant effect on the calves' teat preference and significantly increased total suckling time with a dry artificial teat. As such, glucose may increase suckling motivation in non-efficient drinkers or ill calves with low motivation to suckle.

Effects of an odor or taste stimulus applied to an artificial teat on the suckling behavior of newborn dairy calves

Maria Malidaki,Matthias Laska 한국축산학회 2018 한국축산학회지 Vol.60 No.4

Background: In their first days of life, dairy calves in artificial rearing systems often have difficulty using an artificial teat for feeding. Methods: We examined the age at which calves are able to stand up voluntarily and suckle as well as their suckling behavior when presented with a plain dry teat versus a dry teat modified with a presumably attractive odor or taste substance. Single-housed newborn dairy calves (n = 51) were presented for ten consecutive days with a two-minute two-choice test, in which suckling time was recorded for 1) a plain (control) teat versus a glucose-coated teat (taste test) and 2) a plain teat versus a teat with a "Freshly Cut Grass" odor (odor test). Results: On average, the calves were able to stand up voluntarily and suckle from the second or third day of age on. The "Freshly Cut Grass" odor had no significant effect on their suckling behavior. In contrast, the calves showed a significant preference for suckling the glucose-coated teat and displayed a significantly longer total suckling time in the taste test compared to the odor test. There were no significant differences between sexes regarding suckling behavior. Conclusion: The results of the present study show that glucose had a significant effect on the calves’ teat preference and significantly increased total suckling time with a dry artificial teat. As such, glucose may increase suckling motivation in non-efficient drinkers or ill calves with low motivation to suckle.

면역조직화학염색 및 전자현미경검사를 이용한 소 유두로부터 소유두종바이러스 검출

배유찬,윤순식,박중원,이청산,진영화,강문일,Bae, You-Chan,Yoon, Soon-Seek,Park, Jung-Won,Lee, Cheong-San,Jean, Yong-Hwa,Kang, Mun-Il 대한수의학회 2005 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.45 No.2

We examined the teats of slaughtered cattles to investigate the prevalence of papilloma and to detect bovine papilloma virus (BPV) from those samples. Among 880 heads, 432 (49.0%) was Holstein and 448 (51.0%) was Korean native cattle. Grossly, out of 432 heads (Holstein), 263 (60.8%) had papilloma lesions on teats. However, out of 448 heads (Korean native cattle), only 33 (7.4%) had papilloma lesions on teats. Immunohistochemically, BPV antigen was detected in 35 heads (22.9%) of 153 (Holstein) which had papilloma lesions. But, in Korean native cattle, BPV antigen was detected in 1 head (3.8%) of 26. Electronmicroscopically, in Holstein papilloma cases, BPV particles was detected in 31 heads (39.2%) of 79. This study revealed that papilloma was very prevalent in holstein teats, Korea and the prevalence of papilloma in Holstein was 8 times higher than that of Korean native cattle. Moreover, it was needed to consider gross and histopathological lesions to confirm BPV infection on teats because the sensitivity of immunohistochemistry and electronmicroscopy was not high.

Whole-genome association and genome partitioning revealed variants and explained heritability for total number of teats in a Yorkshire pig population

Uzzaman, Md. Rasel,Park, Jong-Eun,Lee, Kyung-Tai,Cho, Eun-Seok,Choi, Bong-Hwan,Kim, Tae-Hun Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2018 Animal Bioscience Vol.31 No.4

Objective: The study was designed to perform a genome-wide association (GWA) and partitioning of genome using Illumina's PorcineSNP60 Beadchip in order to identify variants and determine the explained heritability for the total number of teats in Yorkshire pig. Methods: After screening with the following criteria: minor allele frequency, $MAF{\leq}0.01$; Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, $HWE{\leq}0.000001$, a pair-wise genomic relationship matrix was produced using 42,953 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A genome-wide mixed linear model-based association analysis (MLMA) was conducted. And for estimating the explained heritability with genome- or chromosome-wide SNPs the genetic relatedness estimation through maximum likelihood approach was used in our study. Results: The MLMA analysis and false discovery rate p-values identified three significant SNPs on two different chromosomes (rs81476910 and rs81405825 on SSC8; rs81332615 on SSC13) for total number of teats. Besides, we estimated that 30% of variance could be explained by all of the common SNPs on the autosomal chromosomes for the trait. The maximum amount of heritability obtained by partitioning the genome were $0.22{\pm}0.05$, $0.16{\pm}0.05$, $0.10{\pm}0.03$ and $0.08{\pm}0.03$ on SSC7, SSC13, SSC1, and SSC8, respectively. Of them, SSC7 explained the amount of estimated heritability along with a SNP (rs80805264) identified by genome-wide association studies at the empirical p value significance level of 2.35E-05 in our study. Interestingly, rs80805264 was found in a nearby quantitative trait loci (QTL) on SSC7 for the teat number trait as identified in a recent study. Moreover, all other significant SNPs were found within and/or close to some QTLs related to ovary weight, total number of born alive and age at puberty in pigs. Conclusion: The SNPs we identified unquestionably represent some of the important QTL regions as well as genes of interest in the genome for various physiological functions responsible for reproduction in pigs.

논문 : 생물생산시설 및 환경공학 ; 로봇 착유시스템을 위한 착유컵 착탈모듈 개발

김웅 ( W. Kim ),이대원 ( D. W. Lee ) 한국농업기계학회 2005 바이오시스템공학 Vol.30 No.3

착유컵 자동 착탈을 위한 매니퓰레이터 개발

이대원,김웅,김현태,김동우,최동윤,한정대,권두중,이승기 한국농업기계학회 2001 바이오시스템공학 Vol.26 No.2

로봇에 의한 유두컵 착탈 시스템 개발을 위한 기초 연구

이영진,장동일 한국축산환경학회 2000 축산시설환경학회지 Vol.6 No.2

본 연구는 로봇착유기 개발을 위한 기초연구로서 유두위치 측정장치와 로봇제어 시스템을 구성하고 그 성능을 분석하고자 수행되었으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 유두인식은 스테레오 측량법에 기초한 이미지 장치로 처리했으며 유두인식오차는 (x, y, z) = (0.83, 1.95, 0.81)mm이다. RCS로 좌표값을 변환했을 때 시스템 전체의 오차는 x = 0.9mm, y = 2.0mm, z = 0.9mm였다. 2. 로봇 유두컵 착탈 시스템의 로봇 착탈 성공률은 평균 91.5%로 나타났다. 작업시간은 27.8sec였으며, 이미지 처리를 포함한 전체 작업시간은 86.1sec로 나타났다. The objective of this study was to determine the teat locations and to develop a teat cup handling system operated by a robot. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The teat cup attaching and detaching operation system developed in this study consists of a control computer, a five-dimensional robot(PERFORMER-MK2), a DC servo gripper, a robot controller, two CCD-cameras (WV-vp410), an image grabber board(DT3153), a model cow, and a teat cup unit. 2. The coordinates of teat locations were measured by a stereo image processing unit. The error ranges of teats coordinates measured were (x, y, z) = (0.83, 1.95, 0.81) mm. When those were transferred into the Robot Coordinate System(RCS) coordinate, the total error ranges measured were x = 0.9 mm, y = 2.0 mm, z = 0.9 mm. 3. The rates of success of teat cup attaching and detaching operation by a robot system were 91.5% on average; the operation time needed were 27.8 sec. Total working hours for the teat cup handling including image processing were 86.1 sec.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of a Lactobacilli-Based Teat Detergents for the Microbiota of Cows Teats Using an Untargeted Metabolomics Approach

Yan Rui,Ji Zhongqing,Fan Jiaqi,Li Jiang,Ren Yan 한국미생물·생명공학회 2024 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.34 No.1

Teat cleaning pre- and post-milking is important for the overall health and hygiene of dairy cows. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a teat detergents based on lactic acid bacteria according to changes in somatic cell count and cow-milk metabolites. Sixty-nine raw milk samples were collected from 11 Holstein-Friesian cows in China during 12 days of teat cleaning. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomic approach was applied to detect metabolomic differences after treatment with lactic acid bacteria and chemical teat detergents in cows with subclinical mastitis. The results suggest that the lactobacilli-based teat detergents could reduce somatic cell count and improve microhabitat of cow teat apex by adjusting the composition of metabolites. Furthermore, the somatic cell count could be decreased significantly within 10 days following the cleaning protocol. Lactic acid bacteria have the potential to be applied as a substitution to teat chemical detergents before and after milking for maintenance of healthy teats and breasts. Further, larger scale validation work is required to support the findings of the current study.