노인들의 연령 및 운동변화단계에 따른 운동행동변화과정 분석

남궁완(Gung Wan Nam) 한국사회체육학회 2010 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.41

This study is carried out to find out difference in process of change for exercise behavior according to the age and stages of exercise change for old people who are over 65 and subordinate factors of process of change for exercise behavior which are able to distinguish stages of exercise change most. To achieve these objects, we gathered 149 old people and carried out confirmatory factor analysis, verification of reliability, 1-way MANOVA discriminant analysis with standard. As a result, process of change for exercise behavior turned out as four one-dimensional models. We verified the difference in process of change for exercise behavior according to the age with this result as a standard, a group (from 71 to 75 year-old) showed better state in cognitive process as a , self-reevaluation as a one-dimensional variable, and dramatic relief in way of thinking than other groups. Also, two groups of Action stages showed better state in cognitive and behavioral process as a other groups when we verified the difference in process of change for exercise behavior according to stages of exercise change. A group which is in Action stages (around 6 months after starting exercise) and Preparation stage(starting in 1 month) shows better state in all four one-dimensional subordinate factors than other groups which is the lowest proportion in exercising (no plan or starting within 6 months). Lastly, Stimulus control (46%), Helping relationship(92%), and self-reevaluation (4%) are turned out in order as a cause that distinguishes stages of exercise change when we prove the subordinate factors of process of change for exercise behavior which distinguish stages of exercise change most.

장애인의 생활환경과 운동행동변화과정의 관계

오아라 ( Ah Ra Oh ) 한국특수체육학회 2014 한국특수체육학회지 Vol.22 No.1

본 연구는 장애인들을 대상으로 운동행동 변화단계 에 환경이 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 규명하는 것에 그 목적이 있다. 장애인을 운동행동 참여단계별로 각 100명씩 총 500명을 목적표집 하였다. 설문조사는 일반적 특성, 생활환경, 운동행동 변화단계, 운동행동 변화과정을 묻는 문항으로 총 28문항을 조사하였다. 자료 분석은 측정도구의 타당성을 검증하기 위해 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 실시하였다. 또한 신뢰도 검증을 위하여 Cronbach`s α를 검증하였다. 연구의 문제를 검증하기 위한 방법으로는 교차분석, 독립-t검증과 일원변량분석을 실시하였고 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 가설검증의 통계적 유의수준은 α=.05로 설정하였다. 이에 따른 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 장애분류에 따른 운동행동 변화단계에서는 지체장애는 계획 전 단계, 시각장애는 준비단계, 청각장애는 행동 단계, 지적장애는 계획단계, 정서장애와 뇌병변은 유지단계, 기타장애는 계획 전 단계가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 생활환경에 따른 운동행동 변화단계 차이에서는 지인 영역에서 지인이 있는 집단에서는 유지단계, 지인이 없는 집단에서는 계획 전단계가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 지도자 영역에서는 전문지도자와 일반지도자에 도움을 받는 집단은 유지단계, 지도자가 없는 경우에는 계획 전 단계가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 시설 영역에서는 전용시설을 이용하는 집단은 유지단계, 통합시설을 이용하는 집단은 계획 전 단계, 근린 시설을 이용하는 집단은 준비단계가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 프로그램 영역에서는 장애인스포츠프로그램에 참여하는 집단에서는 유지단계, 통합스포츠 참여 집단은 계획단계, 프로그램에 참여하지 않고 혼자 운동하는 집단은 준비단계가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 이동수단 영역에서는 도보로 운동하는 장소에 가는 집단은 준비단계, 자가용으로 이동하는 집단은 행동단계, 대중교통과 셔틀버스를 이용하는 집단은 유지단계가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 가족 영역에서는 부모의 영향을 받는 집단은 계획단계, 형제의 영향을 받는 집단과 가족의 영향을 받지 않는 집단은 유지단계가 가장 많이 나타났다. 지원기관 영역에서는 복지관에게 지원을 받은 집단은 준비단계, 종목별체육회에서 지원을 받은 집단에서는 유지단계, 시·도체육회에서 지원을 받은 집단은 행동단계, 지원기관에서 지원을 받지 못한 집단에서는 계획 전 단계가 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 생활환경에 따른 운동행동 변화과정차이 분석에서는 지인의 유무, 지도자 유형, 시설 유형, 프로그램유형, 이동수단 유형, 가족 유형, 지원기관 유형 모두는 운동행동 변화과정 하위요인 모두에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 넷째, 운동행동 변화단계에 따른 운동행동 변화과정의 관계에서는 운동행동 변화단계에 운동행동 변화과정의 모든 하위요인이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to investigate into the environmental effects on Stages of Change in Exercise Behavior. Throughout all the physical activity stage, 500 people with a disability in total were divided in each 100 by purposive sampling. The questionnaire was composed of 28 questions with general characteristic, Life Environment, Stages of Change in Exercise Behavior and Exercise Behavior process of change. The followings were the results of this study in below. First of all, In each type of disability in the change stage, precontemplation was the biggest part within the people with physical disability & other type of disability. preparation was the biggest part within the people with visual impairment and the people with hearing impairment has action as the biggest part. In intellectual disability, contemplation was the biggest part and emotional disability & brain lesions have maintenance as the biggest part. In the change process of physical activity by life environment, the group having acquaintance showed maintenance with the biggest distribution and the group that did not have acquaintance showed precontemplation with the biggest distribution. In the instructor segment, the group having aids from both professional instructor & ordinary instructor had maintenance and the group, on the other hand, that did not have aids from the instructor had precontemplation. In the facility, the group using exclusive facility had maintenance in the biggest part, the group using inclusive facility had preparation in the biggest part and the group using community facility had preparation in the biggest part. In the programme, the group participating in the physical activity programme for people with a disability had maintenance in the biggest part, the group participating in the inclusive physical activity programme with people without a disability had contemplation in the biggest part, and the group did not participate in the physical activity programme had preparation in the biggest part, In the transportation, the group using walks to the place of the physical activity had preparation in the biggest part, the group using vehicles to the place of the physical activity had action in the biggest part, and the group using public transportation system to the place of the physical activity had maintenance in the biggest part. In the family, the group effected by the family had contemplation in the biggest part, the group effected by the siblings had maintenance in the biggest part, and the group that was not effected by family had maintenance in the biggest part. In the supporting organization, the group supported by the community relief had preparation in the biggest part, the group supported by the sports federations had maintenance in the biggest part, the group supported by the local sports community had action in the biggest part and the group that was not supported by any organization had precontemplation in the biggest part. In third as analysis on the difference of Exercise Behavior process of change by life environment of Exercise Behavior process of change. The last, Exercise Behavior process of change was effected by all the subordinate factors of Exercise Behavior process of change in the relation of Exercise Behavior process of change by the Stages of Change in Exercise Behavior.

청소년의 운동행동 변화단계, 운동 자기효능감, 자율성과 생활만족도 분석

천경민(KyeongMinCheon) 한국체육학회 2008 한국체육학회지 Vol.47 No.5

본 연구는 청소년의 운동행동 변화단계에 따른 운동 자기효능감, 자율성, 생활만족도를 알아보고 청소년의 운동행동에 대한 이해자료를 제공하고자 중, 고등학생 495명을 대상으로 하였으며 수집된 자료는 SPSS 12.0프로그램을 이용하여 일원변량분석과 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 청소년의 운동행동변화단계에 있어 대부분의 청소년이 현재 운동을 하고 있지 않은 계획 전, 계획단계에 있었다. 둘째, 청소년의 운동행동변화단계에 따라 운동 자기효능감, 자율성, 생활만족도에는 유의미한 차가 있었으며, 모든 변인에서 운동을 하지 않는 계획전, 계획단계보다 지속적으로 운동을 하고 있는 행동, 유지단계에서 모두 높게 인지하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 청소년의 운동 자기효능감, 자율성, 생활만족도는 운동행동변화단계에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to research exercise self-efficacy, autonomy and life satisfaction according to the stage of change in exercise behavior of adolescence. The subject of this study were 495 middle and high school students. The questionnaire assessed the Stages of Change in Exercise Behavior, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, Locus of Exercise Causality Scale and SWLS. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 programs. The statistical techniques of Chi-squre test, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis. The level of significance of all hypotheses tested was 5% and the results were as follows. First, most adolescents were in the precontemplation and contemplation stage where they hardly take exercise. Second, maintenance and action stage were higher than precontemplation, preparation stage in the exercise self-efficacy, autonomy and life satisfaction according to the stages of change in exercise behavior. Third, exercise self-efficacy, autonomy and life satisfaction affected the stage of change in exercise behavior.

청소년기 여학생의 단계적 변화모형에 의한 운동행동 심리변인 특성

천경민(KyeongMinCheon),표내숙(NaeSookPyo) 한국체육학회 2008 한국체육학회지 Vol.47 No.3

본 연구는 운동을 시작하고 운동행동을 지속적으로 유지하는데 유용하게 사용될 수 있는 행동전략에 관련된 정보를 얻고자 단계적 변화모형에 의거 청소년기 여학생들의 운동행동 심리변인의 특성을 알아보았다. 심리변인으로는 단계적 변화모형의 주요 개념인 운동행동 변화단계와 의사결정균형, 운동행동 변화과정, 운동 자기효능감에 대해 알아보았다. 이를 위하여 중고등학교 여학생 712명을 대상으로 하였으며 수집된 자료는 SPSS 12.0프로그램을 이용하여 일원변량분석과 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 청소년기 여학생의 대부분이 운동을 실시하지 않고 있는 계획전, 계획단계에 있었다. 둘째, 운동행동변화단계에 따라 의사결정균형, 운동행동변화과정, 운동자기효능감 각각의 하위요인 모두에서 계획전, 계획 단계보다 행동, 유지단계에서 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 운동행동변화 과정이 의사결정균형의 하위요인인 이익요인과 손실요인 모두에 영향을 미쳤으며, 이익요인에서는 자기재평가와 관심증대가 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 손실요인에서는 반대조건화와 효과공감에는 긍정적 영향을, 자극조절과 자기재평가, 관심증대는 부정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 운동행동변화과정이 운동자기효능감의 하위요인 모두에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to research psychological variables characteristic of excercise behavior according to Transtheoletical Model of adolescence girl students. The subjects of this study were 712 middle and high school girl students. The questionnaire assessed the Stages of Change in Exercise Behavior, Processes of Exercise Behavior Change Questionnaire, Decisional Balance Scale for Exercise, and Exercise self-efficacy scale. Collected data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 programs the statistical techniques of Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis. The level of significance of all hypotheses tested was 5% and the results were as follows. First, most adolescence girl students were in the precontemplation and contemplation stage where they hardly take exercise. Second, maintenance and action stage was higher than precontemplation and contemplation stage in the decision balance, the process of change in exercise behavior and exercise self-efficacy according to the stages of change in exercise behavior. Third, the process of change in exercise behavior affected both benefit and loss factor, the subfactors of decision balance. Counter conditioning and effect sympathy had a positive influence on the loss factor and the stimulus control, self-revaluation and interest increase had a negative effect on the loss factor. Fourth, the process of change in exercise behavior has an effect on all the subfactor of exercise self-efficacy.

중년기 운동참가자의 인적특성별 탈운동동기 차이 및 탈운동동기에 따른 운동행동변화단계의 판별분석

문화실(Moon, Hwa-Sil) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences of exercise demotivation according to personal particulars(gender, age, stages of exercise behavior change) and verify the impacts of exercise demotivation on stages of exercise behavior change. 330 middle-aged exercisers completed questionnaires and 309 data obtained from them were analyzed by one-way MANOVA and discrminant analysis. The results of one-way MANOVA revealed that there was no significant differences of exercise demotivation between the gender, but 3 subscales(reduced exercise enjoyment, reduced exercise drive and time restriction) of exercise demotivation were significantly different according to the age. And 2 subscales(reduced exercise enjoyment, time restriction)were significantly different according to the stages of exercise behavior change. Moreover, the result of discriminant analysis showed that 1 subscale(time restriction) of exercise demotivation discriminated the stages of exercise behavior change significantly.

노인운동의 변화단계에 따른 의사결정 균형에 대한 연구

김소인,전영자,박은숙,김순용,장성옥,이평숙,이숙자 성인간호학회 2000 성인간호학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Purpose : This study was carried out to identify the factor of decisional balance for exercise. This was composed of a set of variables at the level of decision making when the elderly decide to do exercise. It was used to classify and identify the characteristics of the stages of change for exercise to which the elderly belong, and was used to identify the variables of decisional balance which influence the stage of change for exercise in the elderly. Methods : Convenient samples of 198 subjects over age 60 in Seoul(mean age=70) were selected from community living, mentally competent older adults and the data was collected from April 1, 1999 to May 31, 1999. The research instrument was the Decisional Balance Measure for Exercise(Marcus & Owen., 1992), Stage of Change Measure(Marcus et al, 1992). The data was analyzed by SAS Program. Results: 1. According to stage of change measure, without missing data, 191 subjects were distributed in each stage of change for exercise : 50 subjects(26.1%), 7 subjects(3.6%), 52 subjects(27.2%), 4 subjects(2%), and 78 subjects(40.8%) belonged to the pre-contemplation stage, contemplation stage, preparation stage, action stage and maintenance stage. 2. Factor analysis identified 3 factors of decisional balance as appropriate factors for excise of the elderly and named by researchers; 1)'Perceived Physical-psychological benefit', 2)'Perceived Physical-psychological burden', and 3)'Perceived time burden'. 3. The analysis of variance showed that the two components Perceived Physical - psychological benefit(F=45.95, p=.0001), and Perceived Physical-psychological burden(F=26.52, P=.001) were significantly associated with stage of change. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that both 'Self Perceived Physical-Psychological benefit' and 'Perceived Physical-Psychological burden' were the influential variables in discriminating the three stages of change(pre-contemplation, preparation, and maintenance). Conclusion: Results are consistent with the application of the Transtheoretical model, which has been used to understand how people change health behaviors. Even though this study is a cross-sectional, not a longitudinal study, the findings of this study give useful information for exercise intervention about especially the factors relating to decision making for exercise of the elderly in the different stages of change of exercise.

운동행동 변화단계와 신체적 특성, 체력요소 및 생활양식

김명수(Myung Soo Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2009 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.0 No.37

This study amis to examine the applicability of the questionnaire on changing the stages of exercise behaviour change by exploring the differences in physical characteristics, body strength component, and life style related to exercise and health with respect to the changing stage of exercise action. To investigate the purpose of the study, 253 male university students who were attending P university were asked to complete the questionnaire on their changing stage of exercise behaviour and life style and measured for physical characteristics and body strength factor. Results showed three main findings: Frist, for physical characteristics factor, muscle weight, muscle rate, and the number of heart-rate during rest were different as the exercise behaviour stage changed. Second, for body strength factor, hand-grip power, abdomen muscle, number of push-ups and sit-ups were different. Third, for life style factor, duration for one-time exercise, the number of exercise in a week, and of sleeping hours and eating in a day was different. It was observed that most of the factors were greater for the students who were in pre contemplation stage, contemplation stage, or preparation stage than those who were in action stage or maintenance stage. This suggests that students in exercise behaviour stage are in better situation in terms of physical characteristics and fitness and have a life style helpful for health and exercise than those who are not. Based on these results, it is concluded that physical characteristics, physical fitness and life style are different according to the stage of exercise behaviour change. In addition, the questionnaire on the stage of exercise behaviour change seems practically applicable to the exercise diagnosis area.

대학생들의 운동행동 변화단계에 따른 사회적 체형불안, 운동태도, 주관적 운동경험, 운동지속의도의 관계

정영수 한국체육학회 2023 한국체육학회지 Vol.62 No.3

The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of social body image anxiety on the relationship between social body image anxiety, exercise attitude, subjective exercise experience, and exercise continuance intention according to the stages of exercise behaviour change among college students. A total of 477 college students aged 19-27 years old in City B were selected as the sample for this study. The data were collected online using Google Apps. Data analysis was conducted using frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, chi-square test, t-test and ANOVA, multivariate regression analysis, and structural model verification. The results of the study are as follows. First, there were significant differences in the stages of exercise behavior change, social body image anxiety, exercise attitudes, subjective exercise experience, and exercise continuation by gender. Second, there were differences in social body image anxiety, subjective exercise experience, exercise attitudes, and exercise continuation intention according to the stages of exercise behavior change. Third, the stages of exercise behavior change were found to affect subjective exercise experience and exercise attitudes, respectively, via social body image anxiety, and manifest as exercise continuation intention.

The Role of Social Support, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation in the Exercise Behavior of Women

Anna M. Colangelo(Anna M. Colangelo ),Carol S. Weissbrod(Carol S. Weissbrod ) 사피엔시아 2019 Exercise Medicine Vol.3 No.-

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to explore factors related to exercise behavior (i.e., concrete physical social support, general social support, exercise social support, exercise self-efficacy and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation) to determine how these factors vary in relation to women’s exercise behavior. Further, the study examined how exercise social support, exercise self-efficacy and intrinsic/extrinsic motivation relate to the stability of exercise behavior over time. Methods: A community sample of 357 adult female participants, completed a baseline online survey. Participants were recruited online, by email, or by posters and were asked to participate in a study investigating women’s daily activities. After three months, a total of 243 participants completed a follow-up online survey (68% response rate). Results: At baseline, the study identified significant differences for all of the factors by stage of change except for concrete physical social support. Women reported differing levels of reliable alliance (p<.001), exercise social support (p<.001), exercise self-efficacy (p<.001), and extrinsic (p<.001) and intrinsic (p<.001) motivation by stage. When the factors were examined over a three month time frame, there were differences in reported exercise social support (p<.001), exercise self-efficacy(p<.001), and intrinsic(p<.001)/extrinsic (p<.001) motivation based on the stability of exercise behavior. Conclusions: Overall, the findings from the current study suggest that there are a number of factors that could encourage the initiation and maintenance of exercise behavior, including social support, motivation and self-efficacy. An interesting finding in the current study was that having an actual partner for exercise did not have a significant influence on women’s exercise behavior.

20대 여성의 운동행동변화단계별 탈운동동기의 차이

문화실(Hwa Sil Moon) 한국여성체육학회 2012 한국여성체육학회지 Vol.26 No.1

The main purpose of this study was to examine the exercise demotivation and the difference according to the stage of change for exercise. Exercise Demotivation scale with 22 items were completed by a sample of 206 women exercisers in their twenties. Subjects were classified four stages, excluding precontemplation and contemplation stages where the people who do not exercise belong to, based on their pattern of responding to the stage of exercise behavior. Exploratory analysis using common factor model was employed to analyze the data using SPSS 18.0 version. 5 factors with 19 items were emerged; reduced exercise drive, time restriction, reduced exercise confidence, negative affect, reduced exercise enjoyment. The result obtained from one-way ANOVA analysis revealed that the level of reduced exercise drive, time restriction factors were significantly different across the stages of exercise behavior. Findings suggest that exercise intervention programs should be designed based on stage-specific approach.