경기,충청지역의 수치 산림입지도를 이용한 주요 수종의 산림생산력 추정에 관한 연구

구교상 ( Gu Gyo Sang ),김인호 ( Kim In Ho ),정진현 ( Jeong Jin Hyeon ),원형규 ( Won Hyeong Gyu ),신만용 ( Sin Man Yong ) 한국농림기상학회 2003 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.5 No.4

N/A This study was conducted to develop site index equations by main species grown in Gyunggi and Chungcheong provinces using environmental factors obtained from a digital forest site map. For this, 28 environmental factors were regressed on site index by species. Four to five environmental factors by species were selected as independent variables in the best site index equations (coefficients of determination greater than 0.91). For these site index equations, three evaluation statistics, mean difference, standard deviation of difference, and standard error of difference, were applied to the data set. Site index equations by species relationships developed in this study effectively estimate forest productivity in the study area. However, the site index equation of Larix leptolepis showed a larger than expected bias between the estimated and the measured site index. The reason is not clear in this situation, but might be because of the small sample set. It will be necessary, therefore, to conduct more studies to determine the exact reason. It is also expected that the site index equations with a few environmental factors as independent variables could provide valuable information about species well suited to given site conditions. Site index equations for other species should be developed to establish a rational policy about the selection of best species for site conditions.

산림토양의 이화학적 성질과 잣나무임분의 지위지수와의 관계

박남창,정수영,이광수,신현철,허무룡 인간식물환경학회 2008 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.11 No.4

This study was carried out in order to estimate site indices and to investigate productivity of Pinus koraiensis in unstocked land by the relationship between site index and physico-chemical properties of forest soil in stocked land. In Pinus koraiensis stand 83 nationwide sites were selected and site index model were estimated with 14 items of physico-chemical properties respectively obtained from A and B horizon of forest soil in each site. According to the relationship between soil properties and site index, it was found that the regressed models by soil properties fitted well in both site production prediction of soil A and B horizons. As a result of these two regressions, significant correlation was found between site index and Exch. Ca++, O.M., Clay, T.N., and Sand in A horizon, while Avail. P2O5, Base Sat., C.E.C., Exch. Mg++, and T.N. and site index have grater correlation in B horizon. In conclusion, these results will provide not only the important criteria for establishment of management forest plan in unstocked land, but also the useful guidance for selecting the suitable sites and trees. This study was carried out in order to estimate site indices and to investigate productivity of Pinus koraiensis in unstocked land by the relationship between site index and physico-chemical properties of forest soil in stocked land. In Pinus koraiensis stand 83 nationwide sites were selected and site index model were estimated with 14 items of physico-chemical properties respectively obtained from A and B horizon of forest soil in each site. According to the relationship between soil properties and site index, it was found that the regressed models by soil properties fitted well in both site production prediction of soil A and B horizons. As a result of these two regressions, significant correlation was found between site index and Exch. Ca++, O.M., Clay, T.N., and Sand in A horizon, while Avail. P2O5, Base Sat., C.E.C., Exch. Mg++, and T.N. and site index have grater correlation in B horizon. In conclusion, these results will provide not only the important criteria for establishment of management forest plan in unstocked land, but also the useful guidance for selecting the suitable sites and trees.

꿀샘식물 아까시나무의 지위지수 도출 및 직경분포 변화

김소라,송정은,박천희,민수희,홍성희,윤준혁,손영모 한국산림과학회 2022 한국산림과학회지 Vol.111 No.2

We conducted this study to derive the site index, which is a criterion for the planting of Robinia pseudoacacia, a honey plant, and to investigate the diameter distribution change by derived site index. We applied the Chapman-Richards equation model to estimate the site index of the Robinia pseudoacacia stand. The site index was distributed within the range of 16-22 when the base age was 30 years. The fitness index of the site index estimation model was low, but we judged that there was no problem in the application because the residual distribution of the equation had not shifted to one side. We used the Weibull diameter distribution function to determine the diameter distribution of the Robinia pseudoacacia stand by site index. We used the mean diameter and the dominant tree height as independent variables to present the diameter distribution, and our analysis procedure was to estimate and recover the parameters of the Weibull diameter distribution function. We used the mean diameter and the dominant tree height of the Robinia pseudoacacia stand to show distribution by diameter class, and the fitness index for dbh distribution estimation was about 80.5%. As a result of schematizing the diameter distribution by site indices as a 30-year-old, we found that the higher the site index, the more the curve of the diameter distribution moved to the right. This suggests that if the plantation were to be established in a high site index stand, considering the suitable trees on the site, the growth of Robinia pseudoacacia would become active, and not only the production of wood but also the production of honey would increase. We therefore anticipate that the site index classification table and curve of this Robinia pseudoacacia stand will become the standard for decision making in the plantation and management of this tree. 본 연구는 꿀샘식물인 아까시나무의 적지적수 조림을 위해 판정기준인 지위지수를 도출하고, 도출된 지위지수별 경급별 분포 변화를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 아까시나무 임분의 지위지수를 추정하기 위하여 적용한 모델은 Chapman-Richards식이었다. 도출된 식에 따르면, 우리나라 아까시나무의 지위지수는 기준임령이 30년 일 때 16~22 범위 내에 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 지위지수 추정 모델의 적합성은 약 37%정도로 낮았으나, 식의 잔차분포가 한쪽으 로 치우지지 않아(bias -0.0030) 활용에는 문제가 없는 것으로 판단된다. 아까시나무 생장에 따른 지위별 직경분포를 구명 하기 위해서는 Weibull 직경분포함수를 이용하였다. 직경의 분포를 나타내는 인자로 평균직경과 우세목 수고를 설명변수 로 하였으며, 이들은 Weibull 직경분포함수의 모수를 추정하고 복구하는 단계를 거쳤다. 최종적으로는 아까시나무 임분의 평균직경과 우세목 수고로서 직경급별 분포를 나타낼 수 있었으며, 분포 추정에 대한 설명력은 약 80.5%인 것으로 나타났 다. 지위지수별 직경분포를 30년생 기준으로 도식화한 결과, 지위지수가 높을수록 직경분포 곡선이 오른쪽으로 이동함을 알 수 있었다. 즉 적지적수를 고려하여 지위지수가 높은 곳에 조림한다면 아까시나무의 생장이 왕성해져 용재생산 뿐만아 니라 꿀 생산도 많아질 것임을 유추할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 아까시나무 지위지수분류표와 곡선이 꿀샘식물인 아까시나무 를 조성 및 관리함에 있어 의사결정의 기준이 되기를 기대한다.

경남 연화산 소나무림의 지위지수 추정

윤준혁,배은지,전형국,손영모,이정환 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2021 농업생명과학연구 Vol.55 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 지위지수를 사용하여 연화산 소나무림의 임지생산력을 판단하기 위함이다. 연화산 소나무림의 지위지수는 Chapman-Richards 모델을 활용하여 산정하였다. 그 결과 지위지수는 전국 소나무림 지위지수 분포(8~14)보다 높은 범위(14~18)에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 이지역이 소나무가 생육할 수 있는 최적지임을 알 수 있는 기준이 된다. 조사지 A의 경우, 지위지수가 18로 나타났는데, 이는 임령 30년 기준수고가 18m에 달한다는 의미이다. 그리고 지위지수 18인 소나무림 임분재적은 392㎥/㏊으로 지위지수 14일 때 보다 약 140㎥/㏊ 많은 것이다. 이런 지역이 벌기령(60년)에 달하면 임목수확량은 약 459㎥/㏊, 연평균 재적생장량은 7.7㎥/㏊에 달할 것으로 예측되었다. 연화산 느재 지역의소나무림은 임지생산력이 높아 향후 지속적인 생장 추세가 이어질 것으로 보인다. The purpose of this study was to determine the site productivity of the Pinus densiflora stands in Mt. Yeonhwa using the site index. The site index of P. densiflora stands was calculated using the Chapman-Richards model. As a result, the site index was found to be in the range (14-18) higher than site index (8-14) of national pine forest. It suggests that this area is the optimal growth site for Pinus densiflora. In the case of plot A, the site index was 18. This means that when the tree is 30 years old, the height of dominant tree is 18m. The stand volume of pine forests with a site index of 18 is 392㎥/㏊, which is about 140㎥/㏊ more than that of a site index of 14. If these areas reach the harvesting age (60 years), it is predicted that the stand yields will reach about 459㎥/㏊ and the annual average growth rate will reach 7.7㎥/㏊. As a result, The Pinus densiflora stands in the Neujae area of of Mt. Yeonhwa is expected to grow sustainedly in the future due to its high site productivity.

Development of Site Index Equation and Curves for Site Quality Assessment of Pinus caribea Monoculture Plantations in Southwestern Nigeria

Bukola Amoo Oyebade,Johnson Sunday Ajose Osho,Peter Oluremi Adesoye 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2014 Journal of Forest Science Vol.30 No.4

Forest timber production potential of any site is oftentimes measured quantitatively by site index, which is defined as dominant height of a particular stand at a specified age. A site index was developed for estimating site quality of monoculture Pinus caribaea plantations in southwestern Nigeria using a base age of 25 years. Dominant height data were collected from 60 Temporary Sample Plots (TSPs) of 20x20 m in plantations of 15 to 37 years. Linear and non-linear models as been widely applied in quantitative forest measurements were fitted to dominant height- age data and the best site index equation is : SI=Exp(InHd-23.495 (A -0.04). The site index curves constructed for the three sites (Omo Forest Reserve - OFR (J4), Oluwa Forest Reserve - OLFR and Shasha Forest Reserve - SFR) across the southwestern Nigeria using the chosen equation revealed that a 15 year old Pinus caribaea in the study area attained average dominant heights of 25, 22 and 21 m in OFR (J4), OLFR and SFR respectively. The site index equation and curves proffer veritable insight into better silvicultural options and management practices for the future plantations suitable sites.

환경요인을 이용한 남원시의 적지적수도 제작

문가현 ( Ga Hyun Moon ),김용석 ( Yong Suk Kim ),임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),신만용 ( Man Yong Shin ) 한국농림기상학회 2015 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구는 전라북도 남원시의 맞춤형 조림지도인 적지적수도를 제작하기 위해 수행하였다. 이를 위해 남원시에 분포하는 주요 수종별 지위지수 추정식을 개발하고, 수종별로 적지에 적합한 입지조건을 반영한 생육범위를 고려하여 각 수종의 적지분포를 공간적으로 평가하였다. 남원시에 분포하는 주요 8개 수종별 지위지수 추정식은 각각 4-5개의 환경인자 조합이 관여하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 전체 27개의 환경인자 중에서 15개가 수종별지위지수 추정에 사용되었다. 특히 사면위치(X7)와 경사형태(X8), B층 건습도(X11), 연최저 기온(X15), 온량지수(X16) 비생장기간 5개월 동안의 총강수량(X23), 월평균상대습도(X24), 그리고 생장기간 초기 3개월 동안의 월평균 상대습도(X25)가 수종별 지위지수 추정식에 많이 포함되는 것으로 판명되었다. 이상과 같은 방법으로 남원시의 적지적수도를 제작한 후, 적합성 검증을 위해 현지 확인 조사를 수행하였다. 현지 확인 결과 본 연구에서 제작한 적지적수도는 사용 가능한 자료의 한계에도 불구하고 수종별 적지분포를 비교적 무난하게 표현하고 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 하지만 부적지로 평가된 일부 지역의 경우 수정 및 보완이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. This study was conducted to develop a large scale map of species-specific plantation sites based on selected environmental variables such as topography, soil, and climatic factors in Namwon city. Site index equations by tree species were first regressed to 27 environmental variables that could influence the productivity of forest sites using digital forest site maps, digital climate maps, and the 5th National Forest Inventory data. Site index equations by tree species were all evaluated to estimate site productivity using 4-5 environmental variables, and the models’ reliability was confirmed based on evaluation statistics. The determination coefficients of site index equations by species ranged from 0.42 to 0.76. With the site index equations, the site conditions appropriate for productive sites by species were considered to assess spatial distribution of productive areas for each species. The final map for optimal plantation in Namwon city was produced based on both site index equations and site conditions appropriate for productive sites by each species using GIS technique. Field survey was conducted to evaluate the suitability of selected species on the map of species-specific plantation sites. Results showed that the plantation map provides relatively reasonable spatial distribution of productive areas for selected species. It was revealed, however, that the sites evaluated as ‘not suitable’ for any tree species should be revised and complemented with additional information, especially with the site conditions appropriate for productive sites by species of interest. The outcomes of this study are expected to provide information for making customized species-specific plantation maps.

Development of Site Index Equation and Curves for Site Quality Assessment of Pinus caribea Monoculture Plantations in Southwestern Nigeria

Oyebade, Bukola Amoo,Osho, Johnson Sunday Ajose,Adesoye, Peter Oluremi Institute of Forest Science 2014 Journal of Forest Science Vol.30 No.4

Forest timber production potential of any site is oftentimes measured quantitatively by site index, which is defined as dominant height of a particular stand at a specified age. A site index was developed for estimating site quality of monoculture Pinus caribaea plantations in southwestern Nigeria using a base age of 25 years. Dominant height data were collected from 60 Temporary Sample Plots (TSPs) of $20{\times}20m$ in plantations of 15 to 37 years. Linear and non-linear models as been widely applied in quantitative forest measurements were fitted to dominant height-age data and the best site index equation is : $SI=Exp^{(InHd-23.495(A^{-2}-0.04)}$. The site index curves constructed for the three sites (Omo Forest Reserve - OFR (J4), Oluwa Forest Reserve - OLFR and Shasha Forest Reserve - SFR) across the southwestern Nigeria using the chosen equation revealed that a 15 year old Pinus caribaea in the study area attained average dominant heights of 25, 22 and 21 m in OFR (J4), OLFR and SFR respectively. The site index equation and curves proffer veritable insight into better silvicultural options and management practices for the future plantations suitable sites.

산림토양의 이화학적 성질과 잣나무임분의 지위지수와의 관계

박남창,정수영,이광수,신현철,허무룡 한국인간·식물·환경학회 2008 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.11 No.4

This study was carried out in order to estimate site indices and to investigate productivity of Pinus koraiensis in unstocked land by the relationship between site index and physico-chemical properties of forest soil in stocked land. In Pinus koraiensis stand 83 nationwide sites were selected and site index model were estimated with 14 items of physico-chemical properties respectively obtained from A and B horizon of forest soil in each site. According to the relationship between soil properties and site index, it was found that the regressed models by soil properties fitted well in both site production prediction of soil A and B horizons. As a result of these two regressions, significant correlation was found between site index and Exch. Ca++, O.M., Clay, T.N., and Sand in A horizon, while Avail. P2O5, Base Sat., C.E.C., Exch. Mg++, and T.N. and site index have grater correlation in B horizon. In conclusion, these results will provide not only the important criteria for establishment of management forest plan in unstocked land, but also the useful guidance for selecting the suitable sites and trees.

동해안 산불피해지 복구를 위한 산림생산력의 추정

구교상 ( Kyo Sang Koo ),이명종 ( Myung Jong Lee ),신만용 ( Man Yong Shin ) 한국농림기상학회 2010 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.12 No.1

In order to rehabilitate forest sites damaged by wildfire via natural or artificial restoration, it is important to determine right tree species, which can acclimate to biogeoclimatic environment at the sites. The objectives of this study were to develop site index equation of different tree species for estimating forest productivity and to provide information on species selection for post-wildfire restoration. Site index equation was developed based on environmental information from wildfire damaged areas in Gangneung, Goseong, Donghae, and Samcheok, where were located in east coastal areas of South Korea. Despite the small numbers (4~5) of environmental variables used for the development of the site index equations, statistical analysis (e.g. mean difference, standard deviation of difference, and standard error of difference) showed relatively low bias and variation, suggesting that those equations can provide relatively high capability of estimation and practical applicability with high effectiveness. The small numbers of the variables enabled the model to be applied in a wide range of usages including determination of appropriate tree species for post-wildfire restoration. The estimation of forest site productivity showed the possibility of large distribution in east coastal region as the best site for Korean ash (Fraxinus rhynchophylla) and original oak (Quercus variabilis) that can be used for firebreak in the region. These results imply that damages by forest fire can be reduced significantly by replacing existing pure coniferous forests in the area with ones dominated by broadleaved deciduous stands, which can play an important role as fire break and/or prevent a transition from surface fire to crown fire.

참나무류 6 수종의 지위지수 분류곡선 추정

박준형,정상훈,김선희,이상태 경상국립대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2020 농업생명과학연구 Vol.54 No.3

This study was conducted to construct site index curves for six species of oak trees to develop oak stand treatment prescription. The target tree species were Quercus aliena, Quercus variabilis, Quercus dentata, Quercus acutissima, Quercus mongolica, and Quercus serrata. The Chapman-Richards model was used for estimating the site indices. The results showed that the range of the model's fitness index for each tree species was 35-45%, and the RMSE(Root mean square error) was within the range of 1.755-2.792 across all examined tree species. The maximum value of CAI(Current annual increment) was 8-15 years, with the maximum value of MAI(Mean annual increment) reaching 14-24 years. The range of site index distribution for each tree species was as follows: Q. dentata, 8-14; Q. mongolica, 6-16; and Q. acutissima, 10-18. For Q. aliena, Q. variabilis, and Q. serrata, the site index was within the range of 8-16. The developed site index curves are anticipated to prove useful as basic data for studies aiming to systematize the techniques for oak stand construction and cultivation. 본 연구는 참나무류 6수종의 임분 시업체계 확립을 위해 수종별 지위지수 곡선을 추정하였다. 대상수종은 갈참나무, 굴참나무, 떡갈나무, 상수리나무, 신갈나무, 졸참나무이며, 지위지수 추정은 Chapman-Richards model을 이용하였다. 추정 결과, 수종별 모델의 적합도 지수는 약 35~45%의범위로 나타났고, 평균오차제곱은 전체 수종이 1.755~2.792의 범위로 분석되었다. 연년생장량의 최고값은 8~15년으로 나타났고, 총평균생장량최고값은 14~24년에 도달하는 것으로 분석되었다. 수종별 지위지수 분포 범위는 떡갈나무가 지위지수 8~14, 신갈나무 6~16, 상수리나무는 10~18까지 분포하였고, 갈참나무와 굴참나무, 졸참나무는 지위지수 8~16의 범위로 나타났다. 추정된 지위지수 분류곡선은 참나무류의 임분 조성 및 육성기술 체계화 연구에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.