Phenolic Compound Content of Leaf Extracts from Different Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Accessions

( Jae Il Lyu ),( Jung Min Kim ),( Dong-gun Kim ),( Jin-baek Kim ),( Sang Hoon Kim ),( Joon-woo Ahn ),( Si-yong Kang ),( Jaihyunk Ryu ),( Soon-jae Kwon ) 한국육종학회 2020 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.8 No.1

The leaves of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) have been used as a traditional folk medicine that has diuretic and mild laxative effects. Roselle is cultivated in many countries for medicines and food. However, studies on the variation of functional compounds in different accessions are relatively limited. In this study, we investigated the phenolic compound content of leaf extracts from 49 different roselle accessions from a worldwide collection by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The aim was to chemically classify and assess the pharmacological properties of the phenolic compounds in the leaves. The phenolic compounds were identified as neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, rutin isomer, isoquercitin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin, quercetin isomer, and kaempferol. These compounds were present at significantly different levels among the accessions. The most abundant phenolic compound was rutin, which was found in 45 accessions where the total phenolic compound content was 18.75-46.51 mg/g (average 31.52 mg/g). The phenolic compounds were classified into four groups. The two accessions with the highest total phenolic compound content were from Ghana (PI286316) and Senegal (PI275413). The hierarchical cluster analysis of the 49 roselle accessions showed that they formed five groups according to their phenolic compound content. Our results will be useful for the selection of roselle genotypes with improved functional compounds.

Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Sorghum, Foxtail Millet and Common Millet

Hyun-Seok Jeon,Ill-Min Chung,Kyung-Ho Ma,Eun-Hye Kim,Soo-Jung Yong,Joung-Kuk Ahn 韓國作物學會 2011 Korean journal of crop science Vol.56 No.4

The cereal grain crops have strong flexibility against adverse environment and they have various functional compounds. The objective of the present study was to screen phenolic compounds in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], foxtail millet (Setaria italica), common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array (PDA) detector. Sorghum contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds among three different crops (sorghum, foxtail millet, common millet). Especially Moktaksusu showed the highest amount of phenolic compounds concentrations and biggest regional differences. The comparison of average phenolic compounds in sorghums by regions showed order to Milyang (963.3~;~mug~cdotg-1 ), Yeongyang (923.1~;~mug~cdotg-1 ), Gijang (831.3~;~mug~cdotg-1 ) and Bonghwa (735.6~;~mug~cdotg-1 ). Among the sorghum cultivars, Moktaksusu (1407.9~;~mug~cdotg-1 ) had the highest concentration of phenolic compounds. The average phenolic compounds of foxtail millets showed similar amount among Milyang (319.0~;~mug~cdotg-1 ), Gijang (288.1~;~mug~cdotg-1 ) and Bonghwa (281.9~;~mug~cdotg-1 ) areas. The phenolic compounds of Yeongyang (246.6~;~mug~cdotg-1 ) slightly low and that showed similar concentrations among three different regions. The concentration of phenolic compounds in foxtail millets, Chungchajo (335.6~;~mug~cdotg-1 ) showed the highest concentrations. The average phenolic compounds of common millets showed the highest concentrations in Milyang (305.5~;~mug~cdotg-1 ), Bonghwa (262.0~;~mug~cdotg-1 ), Gijang (195.1~;~mug~cdotg-1 ), Yeongyang (237.2~;~mug~cdotg-1 ) in decreasing order. The concentration of phenolic compounds of common millets was the highest in the Norangchalgijang (337.0~;~mug~cdotg-1 ), Hwanggumgijang (250.0~;~mug~cdotg-1 ) was also relatively higher than others. The results of this study will provide basic information for breeding sorghums, foxtail millets and common millets with higher phenolic compound concentrations.

Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Sorghum, Foxtail Millet and Common Millet

Jeon, Hyun-Seok,Chung, Ill-Min,Ma, Kyung-Ho,Kim, Eun-Hye,Yong, Soo-Jung,Ahn, Joung-Kuk The Korean Society of Crop Science 2011 한국작물학회지 Vol.56 No.4

The cereal grain crops have strong flexibility against adverse environment and they have various functional compounds. The objective of the present study was to screen phenolic compounds in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], foxtail millet (Setaria italica), common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array (PDA) detector. Sorghum contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds among three different crops (sorghum, foxtail millet, common millet). Especially Moktaksusu showed the highest amount of phenolic compounds concentrations and biggest regional differences. The comparison of average phenolic compounds in sorghums by regions showed order to Milyang ($963.3\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$), Yeongyang ($923.1\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$), Gijang ($831.3\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and Bonghwa ($735.6\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$). Among the sorghum cultivars, Moktaksusu ($1407.9\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) had the highest concentration of phenolic compounds. The average phenolic compounds of foxtail millets showed similar amount among Milyang ($319.0\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$), Gijang ($288.1\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) and Bonghwa ($281.9\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) areas. The phenolic compounds of Yeongyang ($246.6\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) slightly low and that showed similar concentrations among three different regions. The concentration of phenolic compounds in foxtail millets, Chungchajo ($335.6\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) showed the highest concentrations. The average phenolic compounds of common millets showed the highest concentrations in Milyang ($305.5\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$), Bonghwa ($262.0\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$), Gijang ($195.1\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$), Yeongyang ($237.2\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) in decreasing order. The concentration of phenolic compounds of common millets was the highest in the Norangchalgijang ($337.0\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$), Hwanggumgijang ($250.0\;{\mu}g{\cdot}g^{-1}$) was also relatively higher than others. The results of this study will provide basic information for breeding sorghums, foxtail millets and common millets with higher phenolic compound concentrations.

Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Sorghum, Foxtail Millet and Common Millet

전현석,안종국,정일민,마경호,김은혜,양수정 한국작물학회 2011 Korean journal of crop science Vol.56 No.4

The cereal grain crops have strong flexibility against adverse environment and they have various functional compounds. The objective of the present study was to screen phenolic compounds in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench],foxtail millet (Setaria italica), common millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array (PDA) detector. Sorghum contained the highest amount of phenolic compounds among three different crops (sorghum, foxtail millet, common millet). Especially Moktaksusu showed the highest amount of phenolic compounds concentrations and biggest regional differences. The comparison of average phenolic compounds in sorghums by regions showed order to Milyang (963.3 μg・g-1), Yeongyang (923.1 μg・g-1), Gijang (831.3 μg・g-1) and Bonghwa (735.6 μg・g-1). Among the sorghum cultivars, Moktaksusu (1407.9 μg・g-1) had the highest concentration of phenolic compounds. The average phenolic compounds of foxtail millets showed similar amount among Milyang (319.0 μg・g-1), Gijang (288.1 μg・g-1) and Bonghwa (281.9 μg・g-1) areas. The phenolic compounds of Yeongyang (246.6 μg・g-1) slightly low and that showed similar concentrations among three different regions. The concentration of phenolic compounds in foxtail millets, Chungchajo (335.6 μg・g-1) showed the highest concentrations. The average phenolic compounds of common millets showed the highest concentrations in Milyang (305.5 μg・g-1), Bonghwa (262.0 μg・g-1), Gijang (195.1 μg・g-1),Yeongyang (237.2 μg・g-1) in decreasing order. The concentration of phenolic compounds of common millets was the highest in the Norangchalgijang (337.0 μg・g-1), Hwanggumgijang (250.0 μg・g-1) was also relatively higher than others. The results of this study will provide basic information for breeding sorghums, foxtail millets and common millets with higher phenolic compound concentrations.

Quantitative Changes in Phenolic Compounds of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Seeds during Growth and Processing

Kim, Eun-Ok,Lee, Jun-Young,Choi, Sang-Won The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2006 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.11 No.4

Phenolic compounds in safflower seeds were recently found to stimulate bone formation and increase plasma HDL cholesterol levels in estrogen deficient rats, and to inhibit melanin synthesis. Nine phenolic compounds: $N-feruloylserotonin-5-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside,\;8'-hydroxyarctigenin-4'-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside,\;luteolin-7-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$, N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin, N-feruloylserotonin, 8'-hydroxy arctigenin (HAG), luteolin (LT), $acacetin-7-O-{\beta}-D-glucuronide$ (ATG) and acacetin (AT), were quantified by HPLC in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds during growth and processing. During growth, levels of the nine phenolic compounds in the seeds increased progressively with increasing growth stages, reached a maximum on July 30 (42nd day after flowering), and then remained relatively constant. During the roasting process, levels of phenolic compounds, except HAG, LT and AT, generally decreased with increased roasting temperature and time, whereas those of HAG, LT and AT increased progressively with increased roasting temperature and time. During the steaming process, levels of other phenolic compounds except HAG and AT generally tended to increase with increased steaming time, whereas those of HAG and AT were scarcely changed. During the microwave treatment, quantitative changes of phenolic compounds were similar to the roasting process, although there were some differences in levels of phenolic compounds between two heat treatments. These results suggest that the steamed safflower seeds after harvesting on late July may be useful as potential dietary supplement source of phenolic compounds for prevention of several pathological disorders, such as atherosclerosis and osteoporosis and aging.

Quantitative Changes in Phenolic Compounds of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Seeds during Growth and Processing

Eun Ok Kim,Jun Young Lee,Sang Won Choi 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.11 No.4

Phenolic compounds in safflower seeds were recently found to stimulate bone formation and increase plasma HDL cholesterol levels in estrogen deficient rats, and to inhibit melanin synthesis. Nine phenolic compounds: N-feruloylserotonin-5-O-β-D-glucoside, 8'-hydroxyarctigenin-4'-O-β-D-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, N-(pcoumaroyl) serotonin, N-feruloylserotonin, 8'-hydroxy arctigenin (HAG), luteolin (LT), acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (ATG) and acacetin (AT), were quantified by HPLC in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds during growth and processing. During growth, levels of the nine phenolic compounds in the seeds increased progressively with increasing growth stages, reached a maximum on July 30 (42nd day after flowering), and then remained relatively constant. During the roasting process, levels of phenolic compounds, except HAG, LT and AT, generally decreased with increased roasting temperature and time, whereas those of HAG, LT and AT increased progressively with increased roasting temperature and time. During the steaming process, levels of other phenolic compounds except HAG and AT generally tended to increase with increased steaming time, whereas those of HAG and AT were scarcely changed. During the microwave treatment, quantitative changes of phenolic compounds were similar to the roasting process, although there were some differences in levels of phenolic compounds between two heat treatments. These results suggest that the steamed safflower seeds after harvesting on late July may be useful as potential dietary supplement source of phenolic compounds for prevention of several pathological disorders, such as atherosclerosis and osteoporosis and aging.

감의 페놀성 화합물과 변색관련 물질의 안정화

박용곤,김흥만,강윤한 한국식품영양학회 2000 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.13 No.2

떫은감과 그 연시의 페놀성 화합물의 변화를 조사하고 변색관련 물질의 특성을 구명하고자 하였다. 연시의 페놀성 화합물은 주로 클로로겐산과 카테킨류가 주를 이루고 있었다. 전반적으로 떫은감으로부터 연시를 제조할 경우 페놀성 화합물의 함량이 감소하나 총페놀성 화합물에서 차지하는 카테킨류의 비율은 감소되지 않았다. 손상과 연시의 페놀성 화합물은 거의 고분자량 획분인 것으로 나타났으며, 총페놀성 물질은 고온이 상온에 비해 전반적으로 높게 추출되었다. 페놀성 물질 중 카테콜, 클로로겐산, (+)카테킨의 각 표준품을 물, 80% 메탄올로 0.3% 용액을 제조한 후 변색방지제인 비타민 C, 구연산, L-cystein을 첨가하여 변색방지 효과를 검토한 결과 갈변이 심한 (+)카테킨의 변색을 현저히 억제하였다. This study was conducted to determine changes in phenolic compounds of astrigent persimmons before and after softening process and evaluate discoloring properties of major phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds in sfot persimmons were mainly composed of catechins and chlorogenic acid. Although contents of phenolic compounds were reduced during the softening process, little change in the ratio of catechins to total phenolic compounds was observed. Most of phenolic compounds in damaged astringents persimmons were existed in the high molecular weight fraction and more phenolic compounds were extracted at the temperature higher than room temperature, To evaluate discoloring abilities of phenolic compounds, phenolic compounds were dissolved separately into water or 80% methanol. With presence of various amounts of anti-discoloring agents such as vitamin C, citric acid, and L-cystein, (+)catechin was significantly reduced.

Phenolic Compound Content of Leaf Extracts from Different Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) Accessions

류재일,김정민,김동건,김진백,김상훈,안준우,강시용,류재현,권순재 한국육종학회 2020 Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Vol.8 No.1

The leaves of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) have been used as a traditional folk medicine that has diuretic and mild laxative effects. Roselle is cultivated in many countries for medicines and food. However, studies on the variation of functional compounds in different accessions are relatively limited. In this study, we investigated the phenolic compound content of leaf extracts from 49 different roselle accessions from a worldwide collection by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The aim was to chemically classify and assess the pharmacological properties of the phenolic compounds in the leaves. The phenolic compounds were identified as neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, rutin isomer, isoquercitin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin, quercetin isomer, and kaempferol. These compounds were present at significantly different levels among the accessions. The most abundant phenolic compound was rutin, which was found in 45 accessions where the total phenolic compound content was 18.75-46.51 mg/g (average 31.52 mg/g). The phenolic compounds were classified into four groups. The two accessions with the highest total phenolic compound content were from Ghana (PI286316) and Senegal (PI275413). The hierarchical cluster analysis of the 49 roselle accessions showed that they formed five groups according to their phenolic compound content. Our results will be useful for the selection of roselle genotypes with improved functional compounds.

Quantitative Changes in Phenolic Compounds of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Seeds during Growth and Processing

최상원,김은옥,이준영 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.11 No.4

Phenolic compounds in safflower seeds were recently found to stimulate bone formation and increase plasma HDL cholesterol levels in estrogen deficient rats, and to inhibit melanin synthesis. Nine phenolic compounds: N-feruloylserotonin-5-O-β-D-glucoside, 8'-hydroxyarctigenin-4'-O-β-D-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, N-(p- coumaroyl)serotonin, N-feruloylserotonin, 8'-hydroxy arctigenin (HAG), luteolin (LT), acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (ATG) and acacetin (AT), were quantified by HPLC in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seeds during growth and processing. During growth, levels of the nine phenolic compounds in the seeds increased progressively with increasing growth stages, reached a maximum on July 30 (42nd day after flowering), and then remained relatively constant. During the roasting process, levels of phenolic compounds, except HAG, LT and AT, generally decreased with increased roasting temperature and time, whereas those of HAG, LT and AT increased progressively with increased roasting temperature and time. During the steaming process, levels of other phenolic compounds except HAG and AT generally tended to increase with increased steaming time, whereas those of HAG and AT were scarcely changed. During the microwave treatment, quantitative changes of phenolic compounds were similar to the roasting process, although there were some differences in levels of phenolic compounds between two heat treatments. These results suggest that the steamed safflower seeds after harvesting on late July may be useful as potential dietary supplement source of phenolic compounds for prevention of several pathological disorders, such as atherosclerosis and osteoporosis and aging.

재배 황기의 Phenolic Compounds 함량의 변이

전윤미,김은혜,임주진,김성협,김승현,임정대,최대성,최유순,유창연,정일민 한국약용작물학회 2012 한국약용작물학회지 Vol.20 No.6

This study was conducted to determine the contents of phenolic compounds and astragalosides in Astragalus membranaceus. Between the phenolic compound groups, flavonoids compounds (51.13%) had higher average concentrations than the phenolic acids groups. Among the 30 phenolic compounds, quercetin (353.11μg g-1) provided the highest concentrations. According to different cultivation year, 3-year-cultivated Astragalus (2612.57μg g-1) showed the highest concentrations of phenolic compounds. According to different harvest days, 6/5 harvesting Astragalus (2615.80μg g-1) showed the highest concentrations of phenolic acids. Comparison between the top and subterranean parts of harvested Astragalus plants cultivated for 2 years, 3 years, and 5 years showed big difference of total phenolic compounds in concentrations. Further, the top part had higher amounts of the total phenolic compounds than the subterranean part among all Astragalus. This tendency was similar to those of the top root and lateral root. The concentration of the phenolic compounds in the top root was higher than that of the lateral root.