전통 창살문양을 활용한 미술활동에서 나타나는 유아의 표상과 문양 이해의 변화

김인호 ( In Ho Kim ) 한국아동교육학회 2014 아동교육 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구는 전통 창살문양을 활용한 미술활동에서 유아의 표상과 문양이해에 나타나는 변화를 알아보고자 하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 D시에 위치한 C유치원의 만 5세 유아 10명으로 구성되었으며 본 연구를 위한 관찰 자료의 수집은 일주일에 두 번씩 총 7주간의 미술활동으로 이루어졌다. 자료 분석은 수집된 작품 분석, 카메라 영상물 분석, 교사 저널 분석으로 구성되었다. 카메라 영상물 자료와 작품 분석 자료들은 이미지화의 과정과 주제화 단계에 따라 분석되었다. 연구 분석은 전통 창살문양의 그리기 표상의 변화, 전통 창살문양의 종류, 문양의 형태, 문양의 명칭, 문양의 의미 등 전통 창살문양의 이해정도를 알아보고, 또한 주변생활환경에서 문양의 이해는 어떻게 나타나는가이다. 본 연구 결과, 전통 창살문양을 활용한 미술활동이 문양을 세밀하고 잘 관찰하여 그리기 표상을 하며, 문양의 종류나 개념을 이해 할 수 있었고, 생활 속에서 문양을 찾아내고 그것을 우리나라라는 생활주제와 통합적으로 활용할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 전통 창살문양을 주제로 한 미술활동이 전통미술의 교육적 가치를 탐색하고 유아교육분야의 전통예술교육에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것임을 제안한다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of art activities utilizing the traditional window patterns on the changes in the children``s representation and understanding of the patterns. The subjects of this study consisted of 10 five-year-old children at ‘C’ kindergarten in ‘D’ city, and two art activities every week for 7 weeks were studied. The analyses of collected works, video recordings, collected works were conducted. The data of video recordings and teachers’ journals were analysed according to the transcription process and theme steps. The change of drawing representation of the traditional window patterns used in the analysis of the study, and the kinds, the terms, the meanings, and the forms of traditional window patterns were studied. In addition, whether the traditional patterns can be used in a daily life was also studied. According to the result of the study, the art activities utilizing the traditional window patterns helped in understanding the meanings and the concept of the patterns through a close observation and drawing representation. In addition, the present study also suggests that the art activities with a subject on the traditional window patterns, with a finding of the patterns in a daily life and its combined usage along with the theme of life in Korea have a positive effect on children’s art activities with relation to the traditional arts.

소프트웨어 패턴의 개념적 체계화를 위한 SPO 설계

홍현술,한성국,Hong, Hyeun-Sool,Han, Sung-Kook 대한전자공학회 2002 電子工學會論文誌 IE (Industry electronics) Vol.39 No.3

소프트웨어 패턴은 전문가의 검증된 해법과 경험을 토대로 한 문제 해결의 지식표현이다. 그러나, 소프트웨어 개발 문제의 다양성으로 인하여, 현재 발표되어져 있는 수많은 소프트웨어 패턴들 중에서 최적의 패턴을 선택하여 활용하는 것이 용이하지 않다. 이러한 상황은 소프트웨어 패턴의 개념 범주화를 요구하고 있다. 본 논문은 소프트웨어 패턴과 온토로지의 개념 구조를 비교 분석하여, 소프트웨어 패턴이 표출하는 개념 특성을 체계적으로 조직화할 수 있는 소프트웨어 패턴 온토로지(SPO)를 제시하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 SPO로 소프트웨어 패턴을 개념 수준에서 관리할 수는 기반을 구축할 수 있다. 또한, 본 논문에서는 소프트웨어 패턴과 온토로지 개념을 결합하여 응용할 수 있는 방법을 예시하였다. The software pattern is knowledge representation derived from the verified solutions or the experience of the experts. On account of the design varieties of software development, however, it is not the facilitated task to discover the best proper software pattern. This situation requires that software patterns be categorized in terms of their innate concepts. This paper proposes software pattern ontology(SPO) for the systematic categorization of software patterns by means of conceptual properties of patterns after the comparative analysis of association between software pattern and ontology. The SPO presented in this paper can establish the basis for the software pattern management system at the conceptual level. This paper also shows an idea for the application by unifying conceptual properties of software pattern and ontology.?

패턴에 기초한 대수 문제해결에서 나타나는 중학생들의 일반화 전략 및 수학적 표현

정홍춘,이경화 한국교원대학교 교육연구원 2008 敎員敎育 Vol.24 No.4

The purpose of this study is to analyze the possibility and the method of 'Introduction of algebra based on patterns' arising as an alternative of conventional algebra education and to propose an issue to the education of algebra based on patterns. For our purpose, we analysed the generalization strategies and the mathematical representations of middle school students appearing on the problem solving of algebra based on patterns. Test results of the students are analyzed based on the generalization strategy of Lannin (2005) for the generalization strategies. Also, the representations of the students are examined based on the representations of Nakahara such as visual representation, linguistic representation, symbolic representation. Finally, whether one can formalize them with letters or not is analyzed by classifying into succeed. To find the solution of those research questions, we carried out paper and pencil test. After analysing the paper and pencil test, we found that the generalization strategies depended on various components of the problem and introducing 'Large numbers‘ into the problem and that students were not familiar with expressing mathematically. And they preferred linguistic representation. 본 연구의 목적은 현행 전통적인 대수 교육에 대한 대안으로 떠오르고 있는 ‘패턴에 기초한 대수 교육’의 의미와 방법을 살펴보고, 우리나라 학생들에게 적용한 결과를 바탕으로 패턴에 기초한 대수 교육으로의 관점 전환을 위한 기초 자료를 제시하는데 있다. 패턴에 기초한 대수 문제해결 과정은 일반화 전략을 개발하게 하고, 수학적인 표현 도구의 발달을 자연스럽게 이끌기 때문에 대수적인 감각을 향상시키는 데 유용한 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 기초하여 이 연구에서도 분석의 주요 초점을 일반화 전략 및 수학적 표현 방법에 둘 것이다. 일반화 전략은 Lannin(2005)의 연구결과를 참고하여 분석했으며, 수학적 표현은 Nakahara의 표현 체계 중 시각적, 언어적, 기호적 표현을 바탕으로 분석하였다. 또한 문자를 이용하여 형식화할 수 있는지 여부까지 확인하였다.

우리말의 성조는 방점으로

김차균 한글학회 2023 한글 Vol.- No.341

In Hunminjeongum, there are twenty-eight letters for segmental sounds and three tone codes for even tone □, rising tone :□, high tone ·□. They have been used for more than 100 years since its creation. Even tone □ was unmarked, rising tone :□ and high tone were marked. ·□ was a light-marked. :□, a heavy-marked. The measures they represent were explained separately in. The pitch values of the four tones were in the Hunminjeongeum version, the code of the Hunmongjahoe, and the code of the Sohakeonhoe. In modern tonal dialects, constituents of morphemes, words or phrases have the base side-dots, and sidedot patterns by the opposition and neutralization between them. There are three side-dot patterns in Gyeongsang and Gangwon dialects: even-marked tone pattern □1·□ⁿ and rising tone patterns :□ⁿ and high tone patterns ·□1 are marked, while in the Hamgyeong and the Yanbian dialects, there are two tones: one is even and the other is marked. three side-dot patterns. the Hamgyeong and the Yanbian dialect have only one even-marked tone pattern □₀·□ⁿ. There are three tonemic patterns in Gyeongnam dialect, which are L1, M1, and H1Mⁿ, Seongju dialect of a Gyeongbuk-Daegu dialects has three tonemic patterns, 1, M1, and H1Mⁿ, while in the Hamgyeong and the Yanbian dialects, there are two tones: one is even and the other is marked. The Hamgyeong and the Yanbian dialect have only one even-marked tone pattern □₀·□ⁿ, which is of two subclass patterns, even □1 and marked ·□1. For surface pitch forms, we need five degrees [L, м, M, н, H] in order to describe national dialects, including the Changwon dialect. The conclusion is that the tones of the tone dialects of the Korean language have to be written with side-dot representations □, ·□, and :□.

경남 동남부 방언과 복합명사 형성의 3대 방점 규칙

김차균(Gim Cha-gyun) 한글학회 2020 한글 Vol.- No.329

이 연구에서는 경남 동남부 방언의 운율을 세 가지 층위의 표상, 곧 방점형, 성조형, 음조형으로 분석하여 체계화하였으며; 그 중에서 가장 높은 층위인 방점형의 층위에서, 두 직접성분에 적용되어 하나의 복합명사를 도출하는 과정들에서, 적용의 빈도가 가장 높아, 전체 복합어 자료의 압도적인 다수(90% 이상)를 차지하는 세 개의 방점형 결합의 규칙 곧, ①당연 규칙, ②첫 성분 평성형화 규칙, ③중화 규칙을 제시하였으며; 나아가서는 그 규칙들에 의해 도출되는 복합어들의 자료를 분류하여 정리하였다. 모든 복합어 자료에는 그것의 두 직접성분의 방점형과 그 둘의 결합에 의해 도출되는 복합어 자체의 최종 방점형을 제시하였고, 최종 방점형을 높낮이 표상으로 전환하여 도출되는 성조형을 제시하였으며, 성조형에 경남 동남부 방언의 음조형 도출 규칙의 적용으로 나오는 표면 음조형을 제시하였다. This paper describes a three-stratum prosody of the southeast Gyeongnam dialect (SGD). The top stratum is the side-dot pattern representation stratum which consists of various combinations of quadrangles {□, ·□, :□}, subscripts {₁ ₂ ₃ ₄ … m} and superscripts {⁰ ¹ ² ³ … ⁿ}. The middle stratum is the tonemic form representation stratum. The bottom stratum is the surface pitch manifestation stratum. The side-dot pattern representation stratum determines the functions of mutual opposition or neutralization in the various side-dot connections which form side-dot patterns. The tonemic representations found in the middle stratum can be formed by substituting unmarked indicators (□), simple marked indicators (·□), and double-marked indicators (:□) into H, M, and L, respectively. Applying pitch manifestation realization rules to tonemic form representations produces the SGD’s pitch manifestations. The three major rules for the top stratum, which derive complex nouns in the SGD, are as follows: Ru1e one is the default rule in which any unmarked pattern □ⁿ remains unchanged in the ‘{― □<SUP>m</SUP>·□₁}’ environment. Ru1e two is the rule of changing the first constituent into unmarked pattern in which any side-dot pattern is changed to an unmarked pattern in the ‘― {·□₁, :□₁}’ environment. Ru1e three is the neutralization rule in which any side-dot pattern is changed to ·□₁ in ‘{·□₁, :□₁} ― }’ environment or :□ⁿ is changed to ·□ⁿ in ‘{□₁ ― }’ environment.

A Pattern-based Query Strategy in Wireless Sensor Network

( Yanhong Ding ),( Tie Qiu ),( Weifeng Sun ),( He Jiang ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2012 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.6 No.6

Pattern-based query processing has not attracted much attention in wireless sensor network though its counterpart has been studied extensively in data stream. The methods used for data stream usually consume large memory and much energy. This conflicts with the fact that wireless sensor networks are heavily constrained by their hardware resources. In this paper, we use piece wise representation to represent sensor nodes` collected data to save sensor nodes` memory and to reduce the energy consumption for query. After getting data stream`s and patterns` approximated line segments, we record each line`s slope. We do similar matching on slope sequences. We compute the dynamic time warping distance between slope sequences. If the distance is less than user defined threshold, we say that the subsequence is similar to the pattern. We do experiments on STM32W108 processor to evaluate our strategy`s performance compared with naive method. The results show that our strategy`s matching precision is less than that of naive method, but our method`s energy consumption is much better than that of naive approach. The strategy proposed in this paper can be used in wireless sensor network to process pattern-based queries.

Information Representation and Communication Pattern for Unified Management of Software-Defined Networking

Hui Xu,Chunzhi Wang,Hongwei Chen 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.9 No.11

When considering the coexistence of Software-Defined Networking (SDN) and non-SDN, unified management of SDN calls for study on both the information representation and the communication pattern. This paper first proposes the use of the extension theory in order to formally define management information of SDN in a unified manner. And this paper then introduces the concept of unified manager to the communication pattern for unified management of SDN, and considers application of the queuing theory from the perspective of the basic queue and the queue spaces. Finally, simulation results validate that, proposed approach based on the queuing theory is feasible for unified management of SDN from the viewpoint of the communication pattern.

Robust face recognition via hierarchical collaborative representation

Vo, Duc My,Lee, Sang-Woong Elsevier science 2018 Information sciences Vol.432 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Collaborative representation-based classification (CRC) is currently attracting the attention of researchers because it is more effective than conventional representation-based classifiers in recognition tasks. CRC has shown high face recognition accuracy; however, its accuracy is degraded significantly if the number of training faces in each class is small. This is because the accuracy of CRC is only dependent on the results of minimizing the Euclidean distance between a testing face and its approximator in the collaborative subspace of training faces. In this research, we proved that the accuracy of CRC can be improved substantially by minimizing not only the Euclidean distance between a testing face and its approximator but also the Euclidean distances from the approximator to training faces in each class. Consequently, we presented a hierarchical collaborative representation-based classification (HCRC) in which a two-stage classifier is applied for training faces, and the recognition accuracy of the second-stage classifier is significantly improved in comparison to that of the first-stage classifier. Moreover, the recognition rate of our classifier can be considerably increased by using models of discriminative feature extraction. Since noise and illumination are the main factors that cause CRC to be less accurate, we propose combining HCRC with a wide model of local ternary patterns (LTP). This combination enhances the efficiency of face recognition under different illumination and noisy conditions. For dealing with face recognition under variations in pose, expression and illumination, we present a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) model of discriminative feature learning, which transforms face images into a common set of distinct features. The combination of HCRC with this deep model achieves high recognition rates on challenging face databases. Furthermore both models are optimized to reduce computational costs so that they can be successfully applied for real-world applications of face recognition that are required to run reliably in real time. In addition, we also prove that combining state-of-the-art DCNN models with HCRC results in an significant improvement in face recognition performance. We demonstrate several experiments with challenging face recognition datasets. Our results show that the hierarchical collaborative representation-based classifier with the models significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods.</P>

현대 상업공간 실내디자인에 나타나는 오나먼트의 표상성에 관한 연구

한혜신(Han, Hea-Shin),김문덕(Kim, Moon-Duck) 한국실내디자인학회 2009 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.18 No.6

Since Adolf Loos’ Ornament and Crime was released, ornament had been regarded as a vice in Modern architecture. In Post Modern architecture, the ornamental vocabularies extracted from the classical architecture have been symbolically expressed. As a result, the significance of existence of and the use value of architecture have increased with improved intimacy to the public. However, many studies that have analyzed architecture in terms of semantics and semiotics focusing on communication between architecture and the public have admitted instability in architectural meaning because of the fundamental difference between architecture and language. At the same time, the architectural representation has encountered a lot of limitations along with the deconstruction and non-presentation theory in Post-Structuralism. Even under these circumstances, the ornamental representation can be a critical factor which makes communication possible while expressing spatial identity in this pluralistic contemporary society. Hence, this paper has established logical grounds for research based on theoretical investigation on the concept of representation, semiotics, and ornamental representation, with regard to spatial communication through ornamental representation in commercial space. Based on Peirce’s Semiotics which is the typical theoretical science in terms of representation, this paper has analyzed the three kinds of signs (Icon, Index and Symbol) that he proposed. Peirce’s classification of signs becomes ideal when the factors are well balanced, with room for combination instead of strict classification. It appears that his theory of signs would be useful in understanding and analyzing ornamental representation. This study on representational ornament could offer a plan for ideal communication and abundant spatial experience in the interior design of commercial space in which the expression of creative space identity is required.

고려시대 금속공예 선각(線刻)기법의기술과 유형

김세린 국립문화재연구원 2020 헤리티지:역사와 과학 Vol.53 No.3

The engraved line expression in metal crafts is a detailed technique of carving or decorating metal surfaces. Thistechnique engraves a line using a tool on the surface of a metal craft. This technique was used extensively in articlesmade of various metal materials during the Goryeo Dynasty, and the range of patterns that could be expressed andthe width of users was wide . In this paper, based on relics and literature, the concept of line representation of this engraving technique usedin the metal crafts of the Goryeo Dynasty and the perceptions and terms of the Goryeo Dynasty were examined. Inaddition, the users engaged in this craft and the specific patterns and patterns of decoration were reviewed. Throughthese means, it was possible to confirm various aspects of a technique that was thought previously to involve justsimple expression of lines using tools. In addition, through the literature, Geumseokmun Gate, and relics currently being transmitted , it was possibleto confirm the utilization patterns of techniques used in various types of objects. Various uses have led to thecombination with other metal craft techniques that were popular at the time, and while utilizing unique characteristicsof the techniques, this maximized the molding of various patterns. In the meantime, it is true that the intaglio technique in metal crafts has not received much attention comparedto the decoration techniques of other metal crafts, such as inlay, embossing, and openwork techniques in whichdecorative effects are maximized due to the recognition that the technique was used so widely in relics. However,the universality of the technique is premised on its wide use across all eras. As such, it was used in metal craft relicsthat reflect the various cultural characteristics of Korea and various cultural aspects that are currently passed down. On the one hand, technology has been passed down as a form of intangible heritage that embodies a longstandingcraft culture which continues to the present in the fields of sculpture and intangible cultural properties. As such, theuniversality of Seongak contains many cultural meanings. In addition, the uniqueness of the technique is distinct,and it is deeply related to Goryeo, who was in charge of the use of technology and craftsmanship of the JoseonDynasty and the metal craft technology that is currently handed down. I think research on future techniques shouldbe continued in depth.