예배 및 선교요인이 교회사회복지 참여성에 미치는 영향에 대한 영성의 매개효과

조운희(Woon-Hee Cho) 연세대학교 신과대학(연합신학대학원) 2010 신학논단 Vol.60 No.-

??This work is about the questionnaire with 304 christians in Gyeung-buk region about worship, mission and church social work. Following is the result of the how Mediating Effect of spirituality affect the influence of worship and mission between church social work.<br/> ??FIrst, church social work seems more positive as the recognition of worship, mission and the spirituality is higher in that there are big relation between worship, mission, spiritualiry and church social work in the ratio of about .538-.712 and also there is positive relation.<br/> ??Secondly, it seems that there is the perfect mediating effect between the worship element of independent fluent and the church social work of slavery fluent when the spirituality element of mediating fluent is put by the procedure brought up by Baron & Kenny(1986).<br/> ??Thirdly, mediating effect of spirituality about mission element's influence to the church social work also has the perfect mediating effect. And the mediating effect significance is statistically worth at the rate of p <. 05. Spirituality element's mediating effects has 63.50% of indirect effect and 34.7% of direct effect on church social work.<br/> ??Thus, because enforcing spirituality through the worship or enforcing spirituality for the missions play a vital mediating role in social welfare work of church, it is primarily requested that the effort of the practical and various study and adaption is needed to enforce the spirituality of christians. ??This work is about the questionnaire with 304 christians in Gyeung-buk region about worship, mission and church social work. Following is the result of the how Mediating Effect of spirituality affect the influence of worship and mission between church social work.<br/> ??FIrst, church social work seems more positive as the recognition of worship, mission and the spirituality is higher in that there are big relation between worship, mission, spiritualiry and church social work in the ratio of about .538-.712 and also there is positive relation.<br/> ??Secondly, it seems that there is the perfect mediating effect between the worship element of independent fluent and the church social work of slavery fluent when the spirituality element of mediating fluent is put by the procedure brought up by Baron & Kenny(1986).<br/> ??Thirdly, mediating effect of spirituality about mission element's influence to the church social work also has the perfect mediating effect. And the mediating effect significance is statistically worth at the rate of p <. 05. Spirituality element's mediating effects has 63.50% of indirect effect and 34.7% of direct effect on church social work.<br/> ??Thus, because enforcing spirituality through the worship or enforcing spirituality for the missions play a vital mediating role in social welfare work of church, it is primarily requested that the effort of the practical and various study and adaption is needed to enforce the spirituality of christians.

학령전환기 아동의 사회적 유능감이 행복감에 미치는 영향 : 학교적응의 매개효과 중심으로

김경화 ( Kim¸ Kyunghwa ) 인하대학교 교육연구소 2020 교육문화연구 Vol.26 No.4

본 연구는 학령 전환기 아동이 새로운 환경에 적응하는 것이 중요하다는 점을 반영하여 사회적 유능감이 학교적응을 매개로 행복감에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 특히, 학교는 유아학교에서 초등 교육기관으로 전환 되었다는 점에서 중요한 변수 이므로 학교적응 전체뿐만 아니라 하위 요인별로 매개효과를 검증 하였다. 연구방법으로는 육아정책연구소의 한국아동페널 7차년도(2014년)와 8차년도(2015년) 데이터를 사용하였다. 변인과 관련하여 결측값이 발생한 데이터를 제거하여 총 866명의 응답 자료를 바탕으로 Hayes(2018)가 제안한 PROCESS macro의 model 4번을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 간접효과는 부스트랩 샘플을 5,000개로 지정하여 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 학교적응은 사회적 유능감이 아동의 행복감에 영향을 미치는 매개효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이때 매개효과는 부분매개로 나타났다. 둘째, 학교생활적응은 유아기의 사회적 유능감이 아동의 행복감에 영향을 미치는데 있어 매개효과가 나타나지 않았다. 셋째, 학업수행적응은 유아기의 사회적 유능감이 아동의 행복감에 영향을 미치는데 있어 매개효과 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이때 매개효과는 부분매개로 나타났다. 넷째, 또래관계는 유아기의 사회적 유능감이 아동의 행복감에 영향을 미치는데 있어 매개효과 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이때 매개효과는 부분매개로 나타났다. 다섯째, 교사관계는 유아기의 사회적 유능감이 아동의 행복감에 영향을 미치는데 있어 매개효과 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이때 매개효과는 부분매개로 나타났다. 이는 유아기 사회적 유능감이 높을수록 아동의 학교적응과 행복감이 높아질 수 있음을 알 수 있다. This study analyzed the effect of social competence on happiness through the mediating effect of school adaptation, reflecting the importance of adapting to a new environment during the transitional period of school age. Especially, since school is an important variable in that it transitioned from a childhood school to an elementary education institution, the mediating effect was verified not only for the overall school adaptation but also for each sub-variant. As for the research method, Korean Institute of dhild care and education's Korean Children's Panel data from the 7th year(2014) and 8th year(2015) were used. After removing data with missing values related to the variables, The data was analyzed using model 4 of the process macro proposed by Hayes(2018) based on a total of 866 responses. Indirect effects were analyzed with 5,000 bootstrap samples. The findings are as follows. First, school adaptation shows social competence has a mediating effect on child’s happiness. The mediating effect is partial mediation. Second, school life adaptation does not show early childhood’s social competence has a mediating effect on child’s happiness. Third, academic performance adaptation shows that early childhood’s social competence has a mediating effect on child’s happiness. The mediating effect is partial mediation. Fourth, peer adaptation shows social competence has a mediating effect on child’s happiness. The mediating effect is partial mediation. Fifth, teacher adaptation shows early childhood's competence has a mediating effect on child’s happiness. The mediating effect is partial mediation. This study shows that the higher the early childhood’s social competence, the higher child’s school adaptation and happiness.

부정적 직무환경이 유아교사의 역할수행에 미치는 영향: 교직헌신의 매개효과를 중심으로

변미라,조안나 인문사회 21 2022 인문사회 21 Vol.13 No.6

Effects of Negative Job Environment on the Role Performance of Teachers in Early Childhood Educational Institutions:Mediating Effects of Teaching CommitmentMira Byeon & Anna Cho Abstract: This study is to verify the mediating effect of teaching commitment in the relationship between the negative job environment and role performance of early childhood teachers. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire targeting 308 teachers of early childhood education institutions located in Gyeonggi-do. For data analysis, correlation and multiple regression were performed using the SPSS ver. 22.0 program. In addition, the mediating effect verification procedure proposed by Baron & Kenny (1986) was used to verify the mediating effect of teaching commitment in the job environment and role performance, and Sobel (1982) was tested for the significance of the mediating effect. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was found that the negative job environment of early childhood education institutions had a negative effect on the role performance of teachers, and that the commitment to teaching had a positive effect on the role performance. Second, it was found that teaching commitment completely mediated the relationship between role performance and the job environment. This means that pride and devotion to the teaching profession act as a major factor supporting the performance of the teaching profession. Based on the results of this study, the differences according to future demographic variables are examined, and an enlarged study of sampling area and sample size is suggested. Key Words: Negative Job Environment, Early Childhood Teacher, Role Performance, Teaching Commitment, Mediating Effect 부정적 직무환경이 유아교사의 역할수행에 미치는 영향:교직헌신의 매개효과를 중심으로변 미 라*ㆍ조 안 나** 연구 목적: 본 연구는 유아교사의 부정적 직무환경과 역할수행에서 교직헌신의 매개효과를 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 연구 방법: 이를 위하여 경기도에 위치한 유아교육기관의 교사 308명을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 사용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 연구 내용: 자료처리는 SPSS 버전 22.0 프로그램을 이용해 상관관계분석, 다중회귀분석을 시행하였다. 또한 직무환경과 역할수행에서 교직헌신의 매개효과 검증을 위해 Baron과 Kenny(1986)가 제시한 매개효과 검증 절차를 이용하였고, 매개효과의 유의성 검증은 Sobel(1982)의 sobel-test를 실시하였다. 결론 및 제언: 연구결과 첫째, 교사의 역할수행에 유아교육기관의 부정적 직무환경은 부정적인 영향을 미치며, 교직헌신은 역할수행에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 부정적 직무환경과 유아교사의 역할수행 관계에서 교직헌신이 완전매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 교직에 대한 자긍심과 헌신은 교사직을 원활히 수행할 수 있도록 지지해주는 주요한 요인으로 작용함을 의미한다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 향후 인구통계학적 변수에 따른 차이를 살펴보고, 표집지역 및 표본규모의 확대한 연구를 제언한다. 핵심어: 부정적 직무환경, 유아교사, 역할수행, 교직헌신, 매개효과 □ 접수일: 2022년 6월 29일, 수정일: 2022년 10월 27일, 게재확정일: 2022년 12월 20일* 주저자, 강남대학교 일반대학원 교육학박사(First Author, Doctoral Course, Kangnam Univ., Email: ilmare8783@hanmail.net)** 교신저자, 강남대학교 교수(Corresponding Author, Professor, Kangnam Univ., Email: anncho@kangnam.ac.kr)

대학생의 주관적 건강이 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향: 우울의 매개효과를 중심으로

김태형 인문사회 21 2022 인문사회 21 Vol.13 No.5

The Effect of Subjective Health on Life Satisfaction ofUniversity Students: Mediating Effect of DepressionTaehyeong Kim Abstract: This study aims to identify the effects of university students’ subjective health on their life satisfaction and verify the mediating effect of depression between two factors. Analysis were performed using the SPSS 25.0 program to verify the mediating effect, and the Sobel test was performed to analyze the statistical significance of the mediating effect. First, the subjective health had a statistically significant positive effect on life satisfaction. Second, the university students’ subjective health had a significant negative effect in depression. Third, the depression had a negative effect on life satisfaction, and it was found that subjective health had a significant positive effect on life satisfaction, so depression had a partial mediating effect. Through this analysis result, this study have suggest the practical implication about life satisfaction of university students and suggestion for future study. Key Words: Subjective Health, Depression, Life Satisfaction, University Students, Mediating Effects 대학생의 주관적 건강이 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향:우울의 매개효과를 중심으로김 태 형** 연구 목적: 본 연구의 목적은 대학생의 주관적 건강과 삶의 만족감의 관계에서 우울의 매개효과를 검증하는 것이다. 연구 방법: 우울의 매개효과를 검증하기 위해 SPSS 25.0 프로그램 사용하여 기술통계 분석, 상관관계분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였으며, 매개효과의 통계적 유의미성을 분석하기 위해 Sobel 검증을 실시하였다. 연구 내용: 분석결과, 첫째, 대학생의 주관적 건강이 삶의 만족감에 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 대학생의 주관적 건강이 우울에 부(-)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 우울이 삶의 만족감에 부(-)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었고 동시에 주관적 건강이 삶의 만족감에 유의한 정(+)적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 우울은 부분매개를 지니는 것으로 검증되었다. 결론 및 제언: 본 연구는 이러한 결과를 통해 대학생의 삶의 만족감을 향상시킬 실천적 함의와 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다. 핵심어: 주관적 건강, 우울, 삶의 만족감, 대학생, 매개효과 □ 접수일: 2022년 8월 24일, 수정일: 2022년 9월 15일, 게재확정일: 202 2년 10월 20일* 이 논문은 2022년도 부산외국어대학교 학술연구조성비에 의해 연구되었음. ** 부산외국어대학교 사회복지학과 조교수(Professor, Busan University of Foreign Studies, Email: sodoi2001@naver.com)

사회부과적 완벽주의가 사회불안에 미치는 영향: 자기초점적 주의와 반복적 부정적 사고의 순차적 매개효과

김지연,강민철 인문사회 21 2022 인문사회 21 Vol.13 No.6

사회부과적 완벽주의가 사회불안에 미치는 영향:자기초점적 주의와 반복적 부정적 사고의 순차적 매개효과김 지 연**ㆍ강 민 철*** 연구 목적: 본 연구는 사회부과적 완벽주의가 사회불안에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보고, 자기초점적 주의와 반복적 부정적 사고의 순차적 매개효과에 대해 검증하고자 하였다. 연구 방법: 국내에 거주하는 20세 이상 65세 미만 성인 남녀 439명을 대상으로 온라인 설문을 실시하였다. 특히 순차적 매개효과를 검증하기 위하여 구조방정식 모형 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 내용: 성인의 사회부과적 완벽주의가 사회불안에 미치는 영향에 있어서 자기초점적 주의와 반복적 부정적 사고의 순차적 매개효과가 통계적으로 유의미한 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 사회부과적 완벽주의가 사회불안에 미치는 영향에서 자기초점적 주의와 반복적 부정적 사고가 완전 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 및 제언: 본 연구는 성인의 사회부과적 완벽주의가 자기초점적 주의와 반복적 부정적 사고를 거쳐 사회불안에 영향을 미치는 경로를 제시했다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 핵심어: 사회부과적 완벽주의, 사회불안, 자기초점적 주의, 반복적 부정적 사고, 순차적 매개효과 □ 접수일: 2022년 11월 30일, 수정일: 2022년 12월 12일, 게재확정일: 2022년 12월 20일* 이 논문은 주저자의 차의과학대학교 박사학위논문을 요약・보완한 것임. ** 주저자, 차의과학대학교 상담심리학과 강사(First Author, Lecturer, Cha Univ., Email: psy_stellakim@naver.com)*** 교신저자, 차의과학대학교 임상상담심리대학원 교수(Corresponding Author, Professor, Cha Univ., Email: kkmmcc1122@naver.com) The Effects of Socially Prescribed Perfectionism on Social Anxiety: The Sequential Mediating Effects of Self-focusedAttention and Repetitive Negative ThinkingJiyeon Kim & Minchul Kang Abstract: This study aims to examine the effect of socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) on social anxiety (SA), and verifies the sequential mediating effect of self-focused attention (SFA) and repetitive negative thinking (RNT). To that end, an online survey was conducted on 439 men and women aged 20 to 65 living in Korea. In particular, a structural equation model was used to verify the sequential mediating effect. SFA and RNT were found to have statistically significant sequential mediating effect on the effect of SPP on SA. and SFA and RNT fully mediates the effect of SPP on SA. The contribution of this study lies in its examination of the path through which SPP affects SA through the mediation of SFA and RNT. Key Words: Socially Prescribed Perfectionism, Social Anxiety, Self-focused Attention, Repetitive Negative Thinking, Sequential Mediating Effect

장기요양시설 시설장의 감성리더십이 자기효능감을 매개로 종사자의 직무만족에 미치는 영향

정신섭(Jung, Shin-Sup),손동영(Son, Dong-Young) 한국복지실천학회 2019 한국복지실천학회지 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구는 장기요양시설 시설장의 감성리더십이 종사자의 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 이러한 영향관계에서 자기효능감의 매개효과를 규명하고자 하는데 목적이 있다. 연구문제는 첫째, 장기요양시설 시설장의 감성리더십이 종사자의 직무만족에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 둘째, 장기요양시설 시설장의 감성리더십이 자기효능감에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 셋째, 자기효능감은 종사자의 직무만족에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 넷째, 장기요양시설 시설장의 감성리더십이 종사자의 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 자기효능감이 어떠한 매개효과를 가지는가? 의 네 개를 설정하였다. 본 연구의 분석 대상은 서울시, 인천시, 경기도에 소재하고 장기요양시설 종사자 150명이며, PASW(SPSS) 22.0 프로그램을 사용하여 회귀분석과 매개효과 검증을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시설장의 감성리더십이 종사자의 직무만족에 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 시설장의 감성리더십이 자기효능감에 영향을 미쳤다. 셋째, 자기효능감은 종사자의 직무만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 자기효능감은 독립변인과 종속변인 사이에서 직·간접영향을 미치는 매개변인으로서의 매개효과가 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 시설장의 감성리더십이 종사자의 직무만족을 높이는데 중요한 영향요인으로 나타났으며 자기효능감은 매개효과를 가진 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 앞으로 감성리더십과 자기효능감을 향상하여 종사자의 직무만족을 높일 수 있는 방안을 찾기 위한 이론적 토대로 활용할 필요가 있다. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of emotional leadership of long-term care facility directors on job satisfaction of employees and to examine the mediating effect of self-efficacy in this relationship.,First, what effect does the emotional leadership of the long-term care facility director have on the job satisfaction of the workers? Second, what effect does the emotional leadership of the long-term care facility director have on the self-efficacy?,Third, how does self-efficacy affect the job satisfaction of the workers?,Fourth, what kind of mediating effect does self-efficacy have in the process of emotional leadership of long-term care facility directors affecting job satisfaction of workers? The subjects of this study were 150 workers in long-term care facilities in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi-do, and the PASW(SPSS) 22.0 program was used to verify the regression analysis and the mediating effect.,The results are as follows. First, the emotional leadership of the head of the facility affected the job satisfaction of the workers. Second, the emotional leadership of the facility director had an effect on self-efficacy. Third, self-efficacy had an effect on job satisfaction of workers. Fourth, self-efficacy had mediating effect as a parameter that had direct and indirect influence between independent and dependent variables. Through this study, the emotional leadership of the head of the facility was found to be an important factor in enhancing the job satisfaction of the workers, and self-efficacy was found to have a mediating effect.,These results need to be used as a theoretical basis to find ways to improve emotional leadership and self-efficacy and improve job satisfaction of workers.

부모의 긍정적·부정적 양육태도가 아동의 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향:행복감 및 사회적 위축의 매개효과

허은(Heo Eun) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2021 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.21 No.21

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of parents’ positive·negative parenting attitudes on children s life satisfaction, and to examine the mediating effects of children s feelings of happiness and social withdrawal. Methods For this purpose, data from the 2018 1st year data of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey conducted by the Korea Youth Policy Institute was used, model fit was verified using SPSS 26 and AMOS 26, and bootstrap was performed to verify the mediating effect. The subjects of this study were 2,567 children in 4th grade of elementary school. Results First, the positive parenting attitude of the parents had a significant effect on children s life satisfaction. On the other hand, the negative parenting attitude of parents did not have a significant effect on children s life satisfaction. Second, the happiness of children showed a partial mediating effect between parents’ positive parenting attitude and children s life satisfaction, and there was a complete mediating effect between negative parenting attitude and life satisfaction. Third, children’s social withdrawal did not show a mediating effect between parents’ positive parenting attitude and children’s life satisfaction, but there was a complete mediating effect between negative parenting attitude and life satisfaction. Conclusions The results of this study suggest practical implications for the development of various policies and programs in the future so that children can improve their sense of well-being and reduce their sense of social withdrawal. 목적 본 연구는 부모의 긍정적·부정적 양육태도가 아동의 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향을 파악하고 아동의 행복감 및 사회적 위축의 매개효과를 검정하는 것이다. 방법 이를 위하여 한국청소년정책연구원에서 실시한 한국·아동청소년패널조사 2018 1차 년도 자료를 SPSS 26과 AMOS 26을 이용하여 모형적합도 검증과 매개효과 검증을 위한 부트스트랩핑을 실시하였다. 연구대상은 초등학교 4학년 2,567명(남아 1,296명, 여아 1,271명)이다. 결과 첫째, 부모의 긍정적 양육태도는 아동의 삶의 만족도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 반면, 부모의 부정적 양육태도는 아동의 삶의 만족도에 유의한 영향을 나타내지 않았다. 둘째, 아동의 행복감은 부모의 긍정적 양육태도와 삶의 만족도 사이에서 부분매개효과를 나타냈으며, 부정적 양육태도와 삶의 만족도 사이에서는 완전매개효과를 나타냈다. 셋째, 아동의 사회적 위축은 부모의 긍정적 양육태도와 삶의 만족도 사이에서는 매개효과를 보이지 않았으나, 부정적 양육태도와 삶의 만족도 사이에서는 완전매개효과를 나타냈다. 결론 아동의 행복감을 향상시키고 사회적 위축감을 감소시킬 수 있도록 향후 다양한 정책 마련과 프로그램 개발 등에 대한 실천적 함의를 시사한다.

고등학생의 인정욕구가 학업지연행동에 미치는 영향: 평가염려 완벽주의와 자기효능감의 매개효과

길민희,김영근 한국복지상담교육학회 2017 복지상담교육연구 Vol.6 No.2

본 연구는 고등학생의 인정욕구가 학업지연행동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고 그 과정에서 평가염려 완벽주의와 자기효능감이 매개효과를 갖는지 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 5개 인문계고등학교 남녀 470명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 중다회귀분석으로 매개효과를 검증 하였으며 매개효과의 유의미성을 확인하기 위해 Sobel 검증을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인정욕구와 평가염려 완벽주의는 학업지연행동과 정적상관을 나타냈고, 자기효능감은 학업지연행동과 부적상관을 나타냈다. 둘째, 인정욕구가 학업지연행동에 미치는 영향에 대한 평가염려 완벽주의의 매개효과 검증은 부분 매개효과를 나타났다. 셋째, 인정욕구와 학업지연행동 간의 관계에서 자기효능감 전체는 부분매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 고등학생의 인정욕구가 높을수록 학업지연행동에 영향을 주고 평가염려 완벽주의와 자기효능감은 부분매개로서 학업지연행동의 변화에 기여할 수 있어 이러한 결과는 학습상담과 예방적 상담의 기초자료로 활용 될 수 있다. This study was intended to investigate the effects of need for approval on academic procrastination of high school students and to verify the mediating effect of evaluative concerns perfectionism and self-efficacy in the process. All the results and data obtained from this research were all gained from conducting surveys on 470 male and female students from 5 academic high schools. Mediating effects were verified through multiple regression analysis and results of Sobel test to verify the significance of mediating effects are as follows. Firstly, need for approval and evaluative concerns perfectionism showed positive relationship with academic procrastination, and self-efficacy showed negative relationship with academic procrastination. Secondly, mediating effect of evaluative concerns perfectionism for the effect of need for approval on academic procrastination showed partial mediating effect. Thirdly, it was identified that the whole self-efficacy makes partial mediating effect in a relationship between need for approval and academic procrastination. As a result, it was verified that higher need for approval makes effect on academic procrastination of high school students, evaluative concerns perfectionism and self-efficacy can contribute to the changes in academic procrastination as a partial mediator, and can be used as preliminary data of counseling and preventive intervention.

THE EFFECT OF VIRTUAL COMMUNITY CODEPENDENCY ON VIRTUAL COMMUNITY ADDICTION: EXPLORING THE MEDIATION EFFECTS

Long-Chuan Lu,Ching-Tzu Tsai 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

Introduction Virtual communities have changed lifestyles and interpersonal relations, creating an internet community culture. They are a primary medium of emotional contact with others. American psychologist estimated that more than 350 million people have Facebook Addiction Disorder (FAD) (Hong et al., 2014; SickFacebook.com, 2010), some kind of virtual community addiction (VCA). An average of 728 million people use Facebook every day, and users spend much time on Facebook (Hong et al., 2014). 80.24% of university students think that Facebook is an important element of social culture (Thompson & Lougheed, 2012). VCA has been explored in psychology in the past. This study adds three psychological dimensions and sense of virtual community when investigating the antecedents of VCA. The results of this study may direct public attention to VCA and help develop guidelines for online marketing and operation of virtual communities. Literature review and hypotheses development Virtual community addiction (VCA) Many people are not aware of addictive in virtual community. While some addictive behaviors are considered mental disorders, an increasing number of studies has found potentially addictive behavior involving computers and the internet (Andreassen et al., 2012), including video game addiction (Fisher, 1994), Internet addiction (Beard, 2005), mobile phone addiction (Choliz, 2010), and online addiction (Griffiths, 2012). The definition of Internet addiction remains controversial. This study defines VCA as a tendency that users forced to use and even can not control not to use for the virtual communities. Virtual community codependency (VCC) Although codependency lacks a clear definition, there are only two perspectives on codependency that are relevant to this study. First, codependency is a learned helplessness, resulting in individuals who cannot create or participate in interpersonal relationships in the future (O’Gorman, 1993). Second, codependency is a pattern of dysfunction in interpersonal relationships. According to the social compensation theory, if people feel insecurity and negative social identity in real life interpersonal networks, they may spend more time using virtual communities as compensation. Therefore, we hypothesize: H1. Virtual community codependency (VCC) positively influences virtual community addiction (VAC). Sense of virtual community (SVC) Blanchard (2007) defined the SVC as members feel membership, a sense of belonging and attachment to the group through electronic communication. Abfalter et al. (2012) defined the SVC as members having a sense of ‘spirit of belonging together’ in a virtual community. Members are interacting more, making them develop close relationships that lead to a stronger bond (Abfalter et al., 2012; Chavis et al., 1986; Obst et al., 2002). Facebook is widely used in the virtual community, regardless of the number and use of the degree has been increasing. Thus, we conclude that high VCC will need individuals to have a desire to derive compensation from the virtual community that cannot be achieved in the real world. If people in this community have similar needs, priorities, and goals, increasing the use of Facebook will lead to an increase in VCA. We propose the following hypothesis: H2. The relationship between the Virtual Community Codependency (VCC) and Virtual Community Addiction (VAC) is mediated by the Sense of Virtual Community (SVC). Behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral approach system (BAS) Gray (1982) proposed the most widely applied pair of systems controlling behavioral activity, the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and the behavioral approach system (BAS). These are intrinsic motivation systems in charge of desire and disgust (Carver & White, 1994). They are used to measure the sensitivity of individuals to punishment avoidance and to reward acquisition. When the sensitivity of an individual toward penalty/reward is higher, their response to a stimulus is greater (Linden et al., 2007). Studies also show that Internet addiction and BIS are related (Yen et al, 2009). Thus, we conclude that high VCC will be stimulated by BIS when there is an accident or a novel experience, and negative emotional reactions will seek to be resolved in the virtual world. Hence, Facebook users will to escape from the real environment to the virtual world, so as to addict on the virtual community. This leads to the following hypothesis: H3. The direct relationship between the Virtual Community Codependency (VCC) and Virtual Community Addiction (VAC) is mediated by the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS). BAS is based on motivations for an individual to pursue and achieve goals. BAS is more active and more sensitive to external reward clues, leading to stimulated sensory seeking behavior (Beauchaine et al., 2001). If the incentive clues appear, individuals who have high BAS are more prone to short positive emotions and approaching behavior individuals with low BAS. Thus, we speculate that high VCC will be stimulated by BAS when there is reward responsiveness or when driven in pursuit of goals in the virtual community. It will also make it more likely to engage in fun seeking in virtual communities. Thus, Facebook users deeply trapped in the virtual environment by BAS stimulation and fail to pull themselves out. Therefore, we hypothesize: H4. The direct relationship between Virtual Community Codependency (VCC) and Virtual Community Addiction (VAC) is mediated by the Behavioral Approach System (BAS). Methodology Survey development and measurement We adapted a number of scales (Abfalter et al., 2012; Andreassen et al., 2012; Carver & White, 1994; Fischer et al., 1991) and compiled a 55 item self-report scale questionnaire. Following the procedure recommended by Churchill (1979), we pre-tested the scale on 30 college students to determine the reliability and validity of the constructs. Based on the feedback, we refined the measures and ensured that all of the questionnaire items were applicable to our research. Finally, 53 valid items were retained in the formal questionnaire. Data collection and sample profile We used a web-based survey to collected data from the Youthwant survey platform in Taiwan. This was a more effective way to search for respondents for this study. The formal questionnaires were free to answer by members of the network platform. The participants were told of the survey’s importance to trigger participant’s interest, and give a 10 bonus points as reward. A total of 224 questionnaires were returned, 3 invalid and 221 effective. Respondents were evenly distributed across various ages between 18 and 50 years. The majority of respondents were female (60.2%) and only about 23.1% were students. Most respondents had completed university education (60.6%). 93.6% had been used Facebook for more than one year, with 63.3% having over four years of membership. 70.6% use Facebook more than once a day and for 82.8%, daily usage is at least a half hour, while 71.0% exceed a half an hour each time they use Facebook. This shows that of all respondents were long-term users. Results The total effects are determined by testing the direct impact of VCC on VCA without the mediator constructs. The results (see Table 1) show a significant relationship between VCC and VCA (β11 = 0.572, p < 0.001), supporting H1 (VCC positively affects VAC). The mediating effect is slight but statistically significant. 0.096 of the indirect effect is the result of the effect of VCC on SVC, which in turn influences VCA. The direct relationship between the VCC and VCA is significant as mediated by the SVC. Thus, H2 was supported. The mediating effect involves testing the direct relationship between the VCC and VCA mediated by the BIS. The results show a significant relationship between VCC and VCA (β13 = 0.488, p<0.001). VCC positively and significantly affects BIS (β12 = 0.493, p < 0.001). The effect of BIS on VCA is also positively significant (β23 = 0.169, p <0.05). This was confirmed by the evaluation of the structural model results. The direct effect is 0.488 (t = 5.661, p < 0.001) and the indirect effect is 0.083 (0.493 ? 0.169= 0.083) which is significant (z = 2.039, p < 0.05) by Sobel test. Thus, the direct relationship between the VCC and VCA is slightly mediated by BIS. H3 was supported. The VAF of the model is 33.70% (0.193 / (0.380 + 0.193) ? 100%). In this situation, a VAF larger than 20% and less than 80% can be characterized as partial mediation (Hair et al., 2014). The ?2 effect size is 0.117, showing that BAS has medium effects on VCA. Thus, H4 was supported. Discussion This study is a step by step quantification of how changes in virtual community codependency (VCC) are related to changes in virtual community addiction (VCA) directly and indirectly through one or more mediators. First, the results show a strong relationship between virtual community codependency (VCC) and virtual community addiction (VCA). Furthermore, we cannot deny that the sense of virtual community (SVC) has a small mediating effect on the direct relationship between virtual community codependency (VCC) and virtual community addiction (VCA). The increased use of Facebook when there is a sense of the ‘spirit of belonging together’ can lead to increased tendency to virtual community addiction (VCA). The results are supported by Fischer et al. (1991) and Hong et al., (2014). Limitations and future research directions There are limitations in this study. First, this study does not have a large sample. Second, with technology advances and use behavior changes, the popularity of virtual communities and dependency is rising. The virtual community addiction scale can only evaluate the current situation. This study investigated the latent variables that determine partial or complete mediation using the AVF of Hair (2014). The judgment of AVF uses rules of thumb and awaits meta-analysis of partial and/or complete mediation in the future. Finally, future research could examine virtual communities in other cultures.

여성 관리자의 자기주도 경력개발과 조직몰입의 관계에서 리더십 효능감의매개효과와 최고경영자 지원의 조절된 매개효과 검증

임혜련 인문사회 21 2022 인문사회 21 Vol.13 No.2

Verification of the Mediating Effect of Leadership Efficacyand the Moderated Mediating Effect of CEO Supportin the Relationship Between Self-directed Career Developmentand Organizational Commitment of Female ManagersHyeryon Lim Abstract: This study examined the relationship between self-directed career development, leadership efficacy, organizational commitment, and CEO support to find the direction of leadership development for a successful organizational life of female managers. The mediating, moderating, and moderated mediating effects were analyzed using the SPSS Macro Process for 3,500 female managers in the KWMP (2020). As a result of the analysis, first, leadership efficacy showed a complete mediating effect in the relationship between self-directed career development and organizational commitment of female managers. Second, when the leadership efficacy of female managers affects organizational commitment, the CEO’s support has a significant moderating effect. Third, in the process of female managers' self-directed career development affecting organizational commitment through leadership efficacy as a mediation the CEO’s support showed a significant moderated mediating effect. This study is meaningful in that it made suggestions for leadership growth of female managers in terms of improving organizational effectiveness. Key Words: Career Development, Organizational Commitment, Leadership Efficacy, CEO Support, Moderated Mediating Effect 여성 관리자의 자기주도 경력개발과 조직몰입의 관계에서 리더십 효능감의매개효과와 최고경영자 지원의 조절된 매개효과 검증임 혜 련* 요약: 본 연구는 여성 관리자의 성공적인 조직 생활을 위한 리더십의 발전 방향을 모색하고자 자기주도 경력개발, 리더십 효능감, 조직몰입, 최고경영자 지원 간의 관계를 살펴보았다. 여성관리자패널조사(2020)의 여성 관리자 3,500명을 대상으로, SPSS Macro Process를 사용하여 매개, 조절, 조절된 매개효과를 분석하였다. 분석결과 첫째, 여성 관리자의 자기주도 경력개발과 조직몰입 간의 관계에서 리더십 효능감은 완전매개효과를 나타냈다. 둘째, 여성 관리자의 리더십 효능감이 조직몰입에 영향을 미칠 때, 최고경영자의 지원은 유의미한 조절효과를 나타냈다. 셋째, 여성 관리자의 자기주도 경력개발이 리더십 효능감을 매개로 조직몰입에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 최고경영자의 지원은 유의미한 조절된 매개효과를 나타냈다. 본 연구는 조직 유효성 제고 측면에서 여성 관리자의 리더십 성장을 위한 제언을 하였다는 데에 의의가 있다. 핵심어: 경력개발, 조직몰입, 리더십 효능감, 최고경영자 지원, 조절된 매개효과 □ 접수일: 2022년 3월 25일, 수정일: 2022년 4월 9일, 게재확정일: 2022년 4월 20일* 한양대학교 대학원 전략경영학과 박사수료(Completion of Doctoral Course, Hanyang Univ., Email: hryon@hanyang.ac.kr)