Ultrasonographic evaluation of renal dimension and resistive index in clinically healthy Korean domestic short-hair cats

In-Chul Park,Hye-Sun Lee,Jong-Taek Kim,So-Jeong Nam,Ran Choi,Ki-Seok Oh,Chang-Ho Son,Changbaig Hyun 대한수의학회 2008 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.9 No.4

Renal length, height, width, resistive index (RI), size of cortex, and medulla were determined by renal ultrasonography in 50 healthy Korean domestic short-hair cats. In the sagittal plane, the renal length was 3.83 ± 0.51 cm (mean ± SD) in the left kidney and 3.96 ± 0.48 cm in the right kidney, whereas the renal height was 2.42 ± 0.27 cm in the left kidney and 2.36 ± 0.28 cm in the right kidney. In the transverse plane, the renal height was 2.42 ± 0.28 cm in the left kidney and 2.38 ± 0.27 cm in the right kidney, whereas the renal width was: 2.65 ± 0.35 cm in the left kidney and 2.63 ± 0.31 cm in the right kidney. In the dorsal plane, the renal length was 3.84 ± 0.53 cm in the left kidney and 3.97 ± 0.54 cm in the right kidney, whereas the renal width was 2.65 ± 0.34 cm in the left kidney and 2.66 ± 0.33 cm in the right kidney. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) among the same structure sizes measured in different planes. In the sagittal plane, the size of the renal cortex was 0.47 ± 0.08 cm in the left kidney and 0.47 ± 0.08 cm in the right kidney, whereas of the size of the renal medulla was 0.55 ± 0.30 cm in the left kidney and 0.50 ± 0.07 cm in the right kidney. RI evaluated by pulsed wave Doppler sonography was 0.52 ± 0.05 in the left kidney and 0.55 ± 0.05 in the right kidney. The actual renal dimensions determined by gross examination were not statistically different from those determined by ultrasonography. Furthermore the renal dimensions and RI were statistically correlated to the body weight of cats.

Prevalence of autoantibodies that bind to kidney tissues in cats and association risk with antibodies to feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia

Nisakorn Songaksorn,Wilaiwan Petsophonsakul,Kidsadagon Pringproa,Kannika Na Lampang,Nattawooti Sthitmatee,Nuttawan Srifawattana,Kakanang Piyarungsri,Kriangkrai Thongkorn 대한수의학회 2021 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.22 No.3

Background: The feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, and panleukopenia (FVRCP) vaccine, prepared from viruses grown in the Crandell-Rees feline kidney cell line, can induce antibodies to cross-react with feline kidney tissues. Objectives: This study surveyed the prevalence of autoantibodies to feline kidney tissues and their association with the frequency of FVRCP vaccination. Methods: Serum samples and kidneys were collected from 156 live and 26 cadaveric cats. Antibodies that bind to kidney tissues and antibodies to the FVRCP antigen were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and kidney-bound antibody patterns were investigated by examining immunofluorescence. Proteins recognized by antibodies were identified by Western blot analysis. Results: The prevalences of autoantibodies that bind to kidney tissues in cats were 41% and 13% by ELISA and immunofluorescence, respectively. Kidney-bound antibodies were observed at interstitial cells, apical border, and cytoplasm of proximal and distal tubules; the antibodies were bound to proteins with molecular weights of 40, 47, 38, and 20 kDa. There was no direct link between vaccination and anti-kidney antibodies, but positive antibodies to kidney tissues were significantly associated with the anti-FVRCP antibody. The odds ratio or association in finding the autoantibody in cats with the antibody to FVRCP was 2.8 times higher than that in cats without the antibody to FVRCP. Conclusions: These preliminary results demonstrate an association between anti-FVRCP and anti-cat kidney tissues. However, an increase in the risk of inducing kidney-bound antibodies by repeat vaccinations could not be shown directly. It will be interesting to expand the sample size and follow-up on whether these autoantibodies can lead to kidney function impairment.

소아 양측 신장과 방광벽을 이용한 성인 신장이식

송승환,이주한,한웅규,김유선,허규하 대한이식학회 2015 Korean Journal of Transplantation Vol.29 No.3

Kidney transplantation is a treatment of choice which improves survival and quality of life for patients with end-stage renal disease. Due to the growing waiting list for kidney transplantation, expansion of the donor pool to use of deceased pediatric kidneys is of critical importance. However, the use of pediatric kidneys has been limited due to concerns about early graft failure, hyperfiltration injury, and technical difficulties. Performing ureteroneocystostomy using small pediatric en bloc kidneys is sometimes difficult due to the small diameter and short length of the ureter in the adult kidney recipient. We hereby report on a partial bladder wall transplantation using pediatric en bloc kidneys. Pediatric en bloc kidneys and partial bladder wall from a 12-month-old female donor who weighed 9.13 kg was transplanted into a 49-year-old male recipient. The urinary tract was reconstructed with a partial bladder wall of the donor. At 12 months post-transplantation, Doppler ultrasonograpy and renogram showed stable graft renal function without urological complications. Pediatric en bloc kidney transplantation with a partial bladder wall can be a safe and feasible surgical technique to reduce urological complications. 신장이식은 말기신부전 환자의 생존율과 삶의 질을 향상시키는 치료 방법이다(1). 그러나 대부분의 환자가 적합한 신장 공여자가 없어, 뇌사자 신장공여를 대기하고 있는실정이다. Korean Network for Organ Sharing (KONOS)의통계에 따르면 2009년부터 최근 5년간 국내 신장이식 건수는 7,712예로 매년 증가 추세이며, 2013년 1,760건의 신장이식이 시행되었다. 그러나, 뇌사자 신장이식 대기자수는 14,181명(2013년 기준)으로 빠르게 증가하고 있다(2). 2013년 전체 뇌사 공여자중 17세 미만의 뇌사 공여자는18명으로, 전체 뇌사자 415명 중 4.3%에 해당한다. 공여자의 체중이 적을수록 불충분한 신장량(nephron dose, 수여자의 체중에 대한 공여자 신장 무게의 비)으로 인해, 과여과(hyperfiltration)와 이로 인한 신장손상이 일어날 수 있다(3-5). 따라서 KONOS에서는 기증자의 나이가 3세 이하인 경우, 체중이 15 kg 이하인 경우, 초음파검사상 신장 크기가 6 cm 이하인 경우에는 한쪽 신장이식(single kidney transplantation)이 아닌, 양측 신장이식(en bloc kidney transplantation)의 시행을 허용하고 있다. 하지만 체격이 작은 소아 뇌사공여자의 경우 작은 직경과 짧은 길이의 요관을 문합하여야 하므로 기술적으로 어려울 수 있다. Kato 등(6)은 이러한 어려움을 극복하고 방광의 용적을 늘리고자 소아 공여자의 방광벽 일부를 이용한 방광-방광 문합술을 최초로 시행하여 좋은 결과를 보여주었다. 국내에서는 이러한 증례가 드물고 아직 보고된 예가 없다. 저자들은 소아 뇌사공여자의 양측 신장과 방광벽을 이용하여 성공적으로 시행한 성인 신장이식 1예를 보고하고자 한다.

임상 연구 : 다중검출 컴퓨터 단층촬영으로 측정한 한국 성인의 정상 신장 용적과 길이

권순효 ( Soon Hyo Kwon ),이호영 ( Ho Young Lee ),김나리 ( Na Ri Kim ),전진석 ( Jin Seok Jeon ),노현진 ( Hyun Jin Noh ),김용배 ( Yong Bae Kim ),김정훈 ( Jung Hun Kim ),한동철 ( Dong Cheol Han ) 대한신장학회 2008 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.27 No.6

목적: 신장의 크기는 급성 및 만성 콩팥병의 진단에 중요하다. 신장크기 측정의 가장 정확한 방법은 신장의 용적 측정이나, 국내에서 신장 길이와 비교한 신장 용적에 대한 조사는 없었다. 이에 저자들은 다중검출 컴퓨터 단층촬영 (multidetector-row computed tomography, MDCT)을 이용하여 신장용적과 길이를 측정하였다. 방법: 순천향대학교 병원에서 123명을 대상으로 시행한 복부 MDCT의 단면 사진들을 이용하여 3차원 재구성 프로그램 (VoxelPlus 2.0, Mevisys, Daejeon, Korea)으로 신장 용적을 측정하였다. 관상면 사진에서 양쪽 신장의 길이를 측정하였으며, 단층 영상의 신장 크기는 신장의 문부 (hilum)가 보이는 단층영상에서 신장의 외연을 포함하는 직사각형의 넓이와 높이의 합으로 측정하였다. MDRD 공식에 의하여 90 ml/min/1.73m2 이상인 경우를 대상 환자로 하였다. 결과: 신장 용적은 남자 177±34 mL, 여자 146±28 mL이었으며, 나이별 신장 용적은 차이가 없었다. 신장의 길이는 왼쪽 10.5±0.9 cm, 오른쪽은 10.0±0.8 cm이었다. 신장의 단층영상의 크기는 왼쪽은 10.8±1.1 cm, 오른쪽은 10.7±1.0 cm이었다. 신장 용적은 단층영상의 신장의 크기와 매우 높은 상관관계를 보였다 (r=0.80). 결론: MDCT를 이용하여 한국인의 정상 신장 용적과 길이를 제시할 수 있었다. 단순히 신장 길이를 측정하는 것보다 신장 용적을 측정하는 것이 만성 콩팥병의 진단과 치료에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다. Purpose: Kidney length and volume are important parameters in the diagnosis of kidney disease. There has been no study for kidney volume in Korea. Therefore, we investigated the normal kidney volume and length using multidetector-row computerized tomography (MDCT). Methods: One hundred and twenty-three Koreans were scanned for various medical reasons by MDCT. We measured kidney volume with three dimensional reconstruction programs. In the coronal section, we measured the craniocaudal length of both kidneys. Cross sectional kidney size was defined the sum of both sides of the rectangle enclosing the kidney at the level of the renal (hilum) vessel. Patients were excluded when they have the estimated GFR, calculated by modification of diet in renal disease, less than 90 ml/min/1.73m2, diabetes, any urinary abnormalities, renal anatomical abnormality, renal artery disease, more than three cysts and larger than 3 cm of cyst. Results: Kidney volumes were 177±34 mL for men and 146±28 mL for women. There were no volume differences among age groups. Kidney lengths were 10.5±0.9 cm for left and 10.0±0.8 cm for right. The cross sectional kidney size was 10.8±1.1 cm for left and 10.7±1.0 cm for right. There was a high correlation between the kidney volumes and the cross sectional sizes (r=0.80). Conclusion: We suggest the reference values for kidney volume and length using MDCT. Measurement of kidney volumes may be more helpful to determine diagnosis and treatment of chronic kidney disease as compared with that of simple measuring kidney length.

소아의 낭포성 신질환

이지숙,노광식,김지홍,이재승,김병길,Lee Ji-Suk,Rho Kwang-Sik,Kim Ji-Hong,Lee Jae-Seung,Kim Pyung-Kil 대한소아신장학회 1997 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.1 No.2

목적 : 낭포성 신질환은 다양한 임상증상, 조직학적 소견 및 예후를 나타내는 질환군이다. 이 질환은 종류에 따라 임상 증상이 발현되는 시기나 나타나는 신질환의 정도가 다르다. 유전성 또는 발달장애가 원인인 낭포신이 있고, 소아에서는 드물지만, 성인에서는 후천성으로 생기는 낭포신이 있다. 다양한 원인에도 불구하고 낭포형성의 과정은 비슷한 것으로 알려져 있다. 최근들어 영상진단의 발달로 본 질환의 조기 진단이 가능해졌으나 아직 그 치료는 만족스럽지 못하다. 본 연구에서는 낭포성 신질환의 분포, 빈도, 동반기형, 발견동기, 치료 및 예후에 대해서 알아보고자 한다. 방법 : 1986년 1월부터 1996년 12월까지 11년간 18세 미만의 낭포성 신질환 환아 44명을 대상으로 임상 기록지를 토대로 후향적 고찰을 시행하였다. 결과 : 1) 낭포성 신질환 환아 44명중 다발성 낭포성 이형성 신(multicystic dysplastic kidney)이 31명(71%)으로 가장 많았고, 다낭포 신(polycystic kidney)이 7명(16%)이었으며 이들 모두 상염색체 열성 유전 다낭포신(Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease)이었다. 단순 신낭포(simple cyst)는 5명(11%)이었으며 수질성 해면신 (medullary sponge kidney)이 1명 있었다. 2) 다발성 낭포성 이형성 신 환아 31명중 11명(35%)이 암종과의 감별 및 복부 팽만 등의 이유로 신절제술을 시행받았다. 3) 전체 낭포성 신질환 환아중 14명(32%)이 신생아 시기에 발견되어 진단만 받았을뿐 더이상 검사나 추적관찰을 하지 않았다. 4) 전 예에서 신부전의 증거는 없었다. 결론 : 본 연구결과 낭포성 신질환의 정확한 발생빈도는 알 수 없었으나 그 발생 기전과 분류 및 치료기준에 대한 지속적인 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.ed cord 증후군에서 비뇨기계의 증상 및 비정상 검사 소견이 동반되는 경우가 흔하며 비뇨기계의 이상을 시사하는 증상이 없는 경우에도 검사상 이상이 발견되는 경우가 적지 않다. Tethered cord 증후군 환아의 평가는 신경학적 이상 유무는 물론이고 비뇨기계의 이상 여부에 대한 평가도 필히 포함되어야 할 것으로 생각된다.X> 섭취량은 배추의 경우 3.72배, 양배추의 경우 4.18배, 양상추의 경우 6.50배나 많았다. 6. 결론적으로 같은 량의 엽채류를 섭식하면서 일일 질산염 섭취량을 줄이기 위해서는 배추, 양배추, 양상추 모두 외부엽보다는 내부엽을 선택적으로 소비하는 것이 바람직함을 알 수 l있었다.었다. 6. 녹즙 종류별 ${NO_3}^-$ 함량은 당근녹즙(143ppm) < 명일엽(506ppm) < 돌미나리(669ppm) < 케일녹즙(985ppm) 순으로 많았고, Vitamin C 함량은 당근(43ppm) < 돌미나리(289ppm) < 케일(353ppm) < 명일엽(768ppm)의 순으로 높았다. 7. 일일 ${NO_3}^-$ 섭취량은 500ml의 녹즙을 마시는 경우 명일엽 253mg, 돌미나리 335mg, 케일 483mg으로 녹즙만으로도 이미 WHO/FAO의 일일 ${NO_3}^-$ 섭취허용량보다 1.16배, 1.53배, 2.21배나 초과할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 연약한 곤충의 방제에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 제조된 살충비누를 활용하면 환경친화적인 해충방제가 가능하다고 판단되었다.소변의 이상소견이 발견되어 신장 조직검사를 실시할 경우 혈청 $C_3$치의 감소 여부에 관계없이 MPGN도 진단적 고려 대상이 되어야 한다고 생각한다.신장 조직검사를 시행한 결과 진행성 경과를 취할 수 있는 막 증식성 사구체 신염과 매우 희귀한 증례인 신유전분증 등으로 Purpose : The kidney is one of the most common sites of cyst formation. Cystic diseases of the kidney are a diverse group of clinicopathologic entities and variable prognosis. They span a wide range of both age of presentation and severity of the renal disease. And many of them are systemic disorders, sharing similar process of cyst formation in other organs. Recently, development of imaging studies has been contributing widely to the diagnosis of the diseases. Treatment, however, is not established satisfactorily. We performed this study to evaluate the occurrence and treatment of cystic diseases of the kidney. Methods : We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of 44 patients with cystic diseases of the kidney in the Department of Pediatrics, during last 11 years. Results : In the 44 patients with cystic diseases of the kidney, 31 patients(71%) had multicystic dysplastic kidney and 11(35%) of them received nephrectomy due to differentiation from neoplasms or severe abdominal distension. Seven patients(16%) had polycystic kidney disease, and all of them were infantile type. Five patients(11%) were diagnosed as having a simple renal cysts. Progression to renal failure was noted in none of the cases. In 14(32%) out of total 44 patients, the diagnosis was made in neonatal or infantile pelted. Conclusion : The incidence of cystic diseases of the kidney appeared very low, but further investigation on their pathogenesis, classification, and indication of treatment is needed.

이식신의 이식전후 사구체여과율의 변화에 관한 연구

정해혁(Hae Hyuk Jung),김경조(Kyung Jo Kim),장재원(Jae Won Jang),서장원(Jang Won Seo),김형호(Hyeong Ho Kim),양원석(Won Seok Yang),박정식(Jung Sik Park),한덕종(Duck Jong Han),문대혁(Dae Hyuk Moon) 대한내과학회 1996 대한내과학회지 Vol.50 No.4

N/A Objectives : The GFR of transplanted kidney has been studied in human, which has been reported to be around 50% to 70% of the donor total GFR before nephrectomy. The magnitude of hyperfiltration in the transplanted kidney is 0% to 40% on the assumption that each donor kidney functions 50% of the total GFR. These studies, however, did not take the relative function of the donated kidney into consideration. This study was performed to evaluate the magnitude of hyperfiltration in the transplanted kidney by measuring the GFR of the donated kidney before nephrectomy, and to determine factors that affect the GFR of the transplanted kidney. Methods The author measured GFR using 51Cr-EDTA clearance (CEDTA) and creatinine clearance (Ccr) in 70 donors of llving related renal transplantation performed in Asan Medical Center from December 1992 to January 1994. With relative kidney function measured by DMSA scan, the auther calculated the GFR of the donated kidney before nephrectomy(D'CEDTA and D'Ccr, respectively). When renal function was stable, usually 3 months after transplantation, the author repeated CEDTA and Ccr(R'CEDTA and R'Ccr, respectively) in 61 recipients. Nine patients were excluded because they did not maintain stable renal function within 2 months of transplantation. Results: The relative renal function of the donated kidney ranged 33 to 56% (mean 49%) The GFR of donated kidney before nephrectomy (D'CEDTA and DCcr) ranged 39 to 85m1/min(mean 59) and 26 to 80ml/min(mean 49), respectively. As expected, there was a close correlation between R'CEDTA and D'CEDTA with RCEDTA=0.72×D'CEDTA+26ml/min (r=0.59, p<0.01) and the geometric mean of R'CEDTA/DCEDTA was 115% (n=47). There was a significant correlation between R'Ccr and O'Ccr with R'Ccr=0.43×D'Ccr+48mVmin (r=0.44, p<0,01) and the mean of R'Ccr/D'Ccr was 140Fo(n=43). D'CEDTA (p<0.01) and the donor age(p=0.02) related independently with R'CEDTA on multiple regression analysis(n=47). Conclusion: With these results, we conclude that: 1) The relative function of the donated kidney was distributed in a wide range. 2) Transplanted kidney functions at 15 to 40N above the prenephrectomy level in about 3 months after transplantation. 3) The GFR of the donated kidney before nephrectomy and the donor age affect the GFR of the transplanted kidney.

論文(론문) : 左腎右命門(좌신우명문)과 腎間動氣(신간동기)의 통합적 이해를 위한 연구

김진호 ( Jin Ho Kim ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2013 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.26 No.4

Objective: There was no attempt to understand Moving Energy between two kidneys(腎間動氣) and Kidney on Left & Life Gate on Right(左腎右命門) by integration progress. So I have faced to study based on two parts with concerning as clues. One is ‘Life·Right (左·右)’ and the other is ‘Between(間)’. Methods: Revealing the source of the origin, Nanjingbenyi(難經本義) is given on the basis. Take a close look at publications related to Nanjing(難經) which is about Kidney on Left & Life Gate on Right and Moving Energy between two kidneys. Take a close look at Kidney, the Life Gate and Moving Energy between two kidneys. Look see the three-dimensional uplift movement of Gi(氣). Results: In Neijing(內經) and Nanjing, the basic point of view for Kidney is the same. That is explained in line with attributes of convergence(收斂). ‘Life Gate(命門)’ is a term to express the divergence feature(發散機能) of kidney. Moving Energy between two kidneys is used to mean the mainspring of human body activity. The Gi in human body loses altitude turning left(左旋而下降) and gains height turning right(右旋而上升). Conclusion: Watching on functional aspect, there are two names for kidney. One is ‘Kidney(腎)’ which collects the losing altitude turning left and the other is ‘Life Gate’ which rises turning right. Moreover, the fundamental power that effectuate the uplift movement is Moving Energy between two kidneys. This kind model is a way that can be understood syntagmatically the Kidney on Left & Life Gate on Right and the Moving Energy between two kidneys without any gainsaying the original of Nanjing.

자연발증 고혈압쥐의 신장과 심장에서의 아포프토시스에 대한 비교 연구

김용진(Yong Jin Kim),윤성철(Sung Chul Yun),김영권(Young Kwon Kim) 대한신장학회 2000 Kidney Research and Clinical Practice Vol.19 No.3

N/A Backgronnd: The terminal features of hypertensive target organ damage include decrease in the kidney size and increase in the heart size and wall thickness. Increased apoptosis has been known in the hypertensive nephrosclerosis and in the hypertensive heart failure. We hypothesized that apoptosis may progress by different degrees in the kidneys and heart with hypertension being sustained. To test this hypothesis we examined apoptosis in the kidneys and hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) of various ages. In addition, we examined histopathology of the kidneys. Methods: The kidneys and hearts of 19 SHR were excised at the age of 16 weeks(n=4), 20 weeks (n=6), and 32 weeks(n=9). Sprague-Dawley rats(SDR, n=6) were also sacrificed at the age of 16-24 weeks. Degree of apoptosis was evaluated semi-quantitati-vely by counting the number of apoptotic nuclei, stained by TUNEL method, per high power field(x400). Light microscopic and electron microscopic examination of the kidneys were performed. Results: 1) In SHR kidneys, the number of apoptotic nuclei at the age of 16 weeks was similar to that in SDR kidneys(9.3±0.5 vs. 10.2±2.2, p=NS). However, the number was significantly, p<0.05, increased at the ages of 20 weeks and 32 weeks(31.5±4.4 and 34.1±4.0, respectively) as compared with that in SHR kidneys at the age of 16 weeks and that in SDH kidneys. 2) In SHR hearts, the number of apoptotic nuclei at the ages of 16, 20, and 32 weeks(4.0±1,2, 2.0±0.7, 1.9±0.4, respectively) was neither changed nor different significantly from that in SDR hearts(0.70.5, p=N5), although the heart of SHR was hypertrophied at the age of 32 weeks. 3) Apoptosis was detected most frequently in the outer medulla of the kidneys in SHB. Histopathologic findings were the segmented sclerosis of glomeruli (1/25-50 glomeruli), edema, vacuolization and decreased villi of tubular epithelial cells. The older the age of SHR was, the more severe histopathologic changes were found. Conclusion : The sustained hypertansion caused increased apoptosis in the kidneys but no increased apoptosis in the heart of SHR during the specified ages of our study. The longer the duration of hyper- tension was, the more apoptotic cells and the more severe histopathologic changes, mainly in the tubulo-interstitial area, were found in the kidneys. The most frequent site of apoptosis was the outer medulla. It is suggested that apoptosis in the kidneys begin earlier than that in the heart in hypertensive target organ damage.

Protective and health-promoting impact of Washingtonia filifera oil on the kidney of STZ-induced diabetic mice

El-Beeh Mohamed E.,El-Badawi Ashraf A.,Qari Sameer H.,Ramadan Mohamed Fawzy,Filfilan Wessam M. 한국응용생명화학회 2022 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.65 No.3

Diabetes kidney damage (DKD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the kidney induced with continuous hyperglycemia as the most prevalent consequence of diabetes. Washingtonia filifera seed oil (WFO) was used as a traditional medicine to cure various diseases in ancient Saudi. This work was carried out to investigate the potential protective impact of WFO against DKD on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic mice (C57BL/6 mice). The mice were randomly split into groups: C, C + WFO (200 mg/Kg B.W.), T2D, and T2D + WFO (200 mg/Kg B.W.). Diabetes was created in mice groups except for the control group after 6 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Treatments with STZ (60 mg/ kg body weight) were administered three times for 6 weeks, and after that, mice were sacrificed. Kidney tissues and serum were obtained to analyze levels of insulin, metabolism of lipids [triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), highdensity lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and free fatty acids (FFA)], antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], creatine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). In addition, H&E staining had been used to investigate the histological changes of the kidneys. In T2D mice, WFO corrected aberrant serum lipids (TG, TC, HDL, LDL, and FFA), elevated antioxidative enzyme levels (CAT, SOD, and GPx), and inhibited GST to various degrees. In addition, WFO improves kidney pathological traits such as fibrosis of the kidney, hypertrophy of glomeruli, and basement membrane thickness of glomeruli. Through hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory actions, WFO might ameliorate diabetic alterations in T2D mice. WFO could significantly reduce AGE buildup in the T2D mice kidneys, therefore alleviating kidney oxidative stress and inflammatory kidney damage. Diabetes kidney damage (DKD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the kidney induced with continuous hyperglycemia as the most prevalent consequence of diabetes. Washingtonia filifera seed oil (WFO) was used as a traditional medicine to cure various diseases in ancient Saudi. This work was carried out to investigate the potential protective impact of WFO against DKD on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetic mice (C57BL/6 mice). The mice were randomly split into groups: C, C + WFO (200 mg/Kg B.W.), T2D, and T2D + WFO (200 mg/Kg B.W.). Diabetes was created in mice groups except for the control group after 6 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Treatments with STZ (60 mg/kg body weight) were administered three times for 6 weeks, and after that, mice were sacrificed. Kidney tissues and serum were obtained to analyze levels of insulin, metabolism of lipids [triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and free fatty acids (FFA)], antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], creatine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). In addition, H&E staining had been used to investigate the histological changes of the kidneys. In T2D mice, WFO corrected aberrant serum lipids (TG, TC, HDL, LDL, and FFA), elevated antioxidative enzyme levels (CAT, SOD, and GPx), and inhibited GST to various degrees. In addition, WFO improves kidney pathological traits such as fibrosis of the kidney, hypertrophy of glomeruli, and basement membrane thickness of glomeruli. Through hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory actions, WFO might ameliorate diabetic alterations in T2D mice. WFO could significantly reduce AGE buildup in the T2D mice kidneys, therefore alleviating kidney oxidative stress and inflammatory kidney damage.

부신피질기능저하증(副腎皮質機能低下症)의 변증논치(辨證論治)와 신정격(腎正格) 적응증(適應症)에 대한 고찰(考察)

금범석 ( Bum Seok Kim ),백유상 ( You Sang Baik ) 대한한의학원전학회(구 대한원전의사학회) 2014 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Objectives : The comparison of symptoms of hypoadrenocorticism with symptoms according to spleen and kidney show how many points of similarity they are. And by analysis of symptoms of hypoadrenocorticism it was examined that Kidney Jeonggyeok help to cure many different symptoms including symptoms of hypoadrenocorticism. Methods : The symptoms of hypoadrenocorticism were compared and analyzed according to standards of the book of korean traditional medical pathology. First, this study was designed to show to found out how many symptoms of hypoadrenocorticism belong to symptoms of kidney qi-deficiency and slpeen qi-deficiency and how similar they are. Second, the symptoms of kidney qi deficiency were compared with the indicant of kidney Jeonggyeok suggested by two of korean traditional doctors to find out kidney Jeonggyeok can help to cure symptoms of kidney qi deficiency. And then on the basis of those, the symptoms of hypoadrenocorticism were compared with the symptoms of kidney qi deficiency. Results : The hypoadrenocorticism seems to be kidney yang(陽) deficiency. But because hypoadrenocorticism doesn``t have body temperature decline, symptoms of hypoadrenocorticism are more similar symptoms of kidney qi deficiency than symptoms of kidney yang deficiency. The symptoms of hypoadrenocorticism seems to be correlated with the functions of spleen. But because of vomiting and pigmentation(skin and mucous membrane), they seem to have less to do with the functions of spleen than the functions of kidney. The comparison analysis of indicant of Kidney Jeonggyeok and symptoms of kidney qi deficiency shows that acupuncture stimulation help to cure kidney qi deficiency and hypoadrenocorticism. Conclusions : Symptoms of hypoadrenocorticism are expected to be more similar symptoms of kidney qi deficiency. And Kidney Jeonggyeok is helpful for treatment of Kidney qi deficiency and hypoadrenocorticism.