충동조절 장애범죄의 심리적 접근

김종오(Kim Jong Oh),유영현(Yu Yung Hyun) 한국범죄심리학회 2015 한국범죄심리연구 Vol.11 No.3

Impulse control disorder is the mental-illness to harmful act to increase tensions and relieve them because of impulsiveness. The direction of impulse control disorder get toward oneself or another person and the latter connect to criminal behavior such theft, violence, injury and murder. This paper look around the actual conditions and the approach of impulse control disorder criminal. There are the points of dispute yet whether we punish them as criminal or threat them as the patient of mental disease. Lately, the increasing realities of impulse control disoder criminal need to confirm whether the increase is actual fact or another reason to discover more ease and many because of increase technique and expert for medical and clinical treatment. It is a specific field to access and utilize the knowledge of mental and psychological. The present day, the province of mental disorder is extended, the criminal justice system have no consistency to accept the province of mental disorder. Medical specialist is needed to decide correctly diagnosis and clinic of impulse control disorder to expense many time and cost. Besides it is difficult to make accurate diagnosis about psychological province. But the naming of impulse control disorder is demanded to participate medical experts. The paper reviewed the realities of impulse control disorder criminal and access method of criminal justice system. In fact, the actual realities of impulse control disorder criminal is small than what we know them, the court have no recognition the mentally an physically handicapped by impulse control disorder. In future, we have to introduce forensic mental health assessment to diagnose and utilize mental illness of impulse control disorder criminal. 충동조절 장애는 충동으로 인하여 긴장감이 증가하고 이를 해소하기 위해서 해가 되는 행동을 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 정신질환이다. 충동조절 장애에 기인한 행위의 방향이 자신에게 향하는 경우가 있고 타인에게 향하는 경우가 있는데, 후자인 경우에 절도, 폭행, 상해, 살인 등의 범죄행위와 연결될 수 있다. 이와 같은 충동통제 장애 범죄의 실태와 심리적 접근방법을 살펴보았다. 이들을 범죄자로 보고 처벌해야 하는지, 정신질환을 가진 환자로 보고 치료에 중점을 두어야 하는 것인지 기본적인 접근방법부터 논쟁거리로 남아있다. 최근에 증가하고 있다는 충동조절 장애 범죄의 실태가 실제로 증가한 것인지, 의료적이고 임상적인 기술과 전문가의 증가로 이러한 정신질환을 더 쉽게 더 많이 발견해 내는 것은 아닌지 확인해 볼 필요도 있다. 의료적인 지식과 심리학적인 지식에 접근하고 활용하는 것과 매우 전문적인 분야라 할 수 있다. 현대사회에서 정신장애의 영역은 점점 확장되고 있는 추세이고, 형사사법체계에서 새로운 영역의 정신장애 영역을 수용하는 데에 일관적이지도 못하다. 충동조절 장애를 판단하기 위해서는 의료 전문가들의 정확한 진단과 임상을 실시하는 것이 필요한데 여기에는 많은 시간과 비용이 든다. 또한 심리적인 영역에 대해서는 '정확한' 진단을 한다는 것이 어려운 일이다. 하지만 충동조절 장애 범죄라고 명명하기 위해서는 전문가들의 참여가 필수적으로 요구된다. 이 논문에서는 충동조절 장애로 인한 범죄의 실태와 이에 대한 형사사법체계에서 접근방법을 살펴보았다. 실제로 충동조절 장애범죄의 실태는 알려져 있는 것보다 적고, 법원에서는 충동조절장애로 인한 심신장애를 인정하지 않고 있는 실정이며, 앞으로 충동조절 장애 범죄자의 정신감정과 활용에 대해 효과적으로 대응하기 위해 법심리학적 정신감정 제도 등을 도입할 필요가 있다.

충동구매 심리: 구매 전 제품가치경험과 충동/절제 활성화의 역할

성영신,이응천,최현덕,김지연,민승기 한국소비자·광고심리학회 2012 한국심리학회지 소비자·광고 Vol.13 No.1

In marketing and academia, impulse buying has received a lot of attention. However, it has only focused on factors leading to impulse buying, but not on the consumers' psychological process of impulse purchasing behaviors. In order to find out how consumers reach to impulse buying, present study made participants experience products' benefits evoking their buying desire before purchasing and primed the meanings of impulse or self-control to regulate their intention of impulse buying. Participants were separated in two groups which primed impulse or self-control each, and were showed images of products with benefit experience or with non-benefit experience. As a result, products with benefit experience led more intention to impulse buying than products with non-benefit experience. Also, subjects primed with self-control were more likely to regulate their impulse purchasing than those primed with impulse. Interestingly the priming effect was activated in only products with benefit experience. Lastly it was suggested that the limitations of the experiment and implications for future researches of consumers' impulse buying. 본 연구는 소비자의 제품 가치 경험과, 절제 혹은 충동 스키마의 활성화가 구매의도에 어떤 영향을 주는지 알아봄으로써 충동구매 행동의 메커니즘을 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위해 제품의 가치를 경험한 조건과 가치를 경험하지 않은 조건을 구분하고, 점화 기법을 통해 충동 또는 절제의 활성화를 조작하였다. 연구 결과, 가치를 경험한 조건에서 충동구매결정이 더 많았고 제품 구입을 위해 지불할 금액이 높았으며, 제품을 갖게 될 때 느낄 행복이 더 큰 것으로 나타났다. 한편 충동을 점화했을 때보다 절제를 점화했을 때 충동구매결정이 더 적었으며, 지불 금액, 행복감도 더 낮았다. 제품의 가치경험과 점화 간 상호작용을 본 결과, 가치경험을 한 조건에서 충동을 점화했을 때 충동구매결정이 더 많았지만, 가치경험을 하지 않은 조건에서는 충동과 절제 점화 간 차이가 발생하지 않았다. 결국 소비자는 제품의 가치를 경험하면서 강한 구매 욕구를 느끼게 되고, 이 때 머릿속에 활성화된 충동 또는 절제의 스키마가 구매행동을 조절하게 된다고 할 수 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 한계점, 향후 연구 방향에 대해 논의하였다.

사회적 기술 향상 프로그램이 ADHD 아동의 충동성 및 자기통제력에 미치는 효과

정종진 ( Jong Jin Jeong ),김영화 ( Young Hwa Kim ) 한국초등교육학회 2002 초등교육연구 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this study was to examine whether social skills training would have an effect on lowering the impulsiveness of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and promoting their self- control. The research questions were posed as below: First, are there any differences in impulsiveness between the ADHD children of the experimental group that takes social skills training and those of the control group that doesn`t? Second, are there any differences in self-control between the ADHD children of the experimental group that takes social skills training and those of the control group that doesn`t? To address the research questions, the following hypotheses were established, based on the literature concerned and earlier studies: Hypothesis 1. The experimental group that takes social skills training would become less impulsive than the control group that doesn`t. Hypothesis 2. The experimental group that takes social skills training would have better self-control than the control group that doesn`t. The subjects in this study were the third and fourth graders from S elementary school in the city of Daegu. Among them, the children who had ever been exposed to cognitive behavioral therapy or drug therapy were ruled out. After those who were found to lack attention and be impulsive by their homeroom teachers were selected, they were tested with Conners simplified scale for teacher, a behavioral assessment scale widely used for ADHD child identification, to select the final subjects. The finally selected children were randomly divided into a 10-member experimental group and a 10-member control group. The social skills training was carried out for six weeks, and SPSS/PC+ program and t-test were utilized for data analysis. Besides, a qualitative analysis was added, by asking the experimental group children and their parents to give their feedback and by observing the behavioral change of the children. The brief findings of this study could be described as below: First, the social skills training was effective for easing the impulsive-ness of the ADHD children (t=3.706, P〈.01). Second, the social skills training was effective for developing the self-control of the ADHD children(t=4.554, P〈.001). Based on the above-mentioned findings, the following conclusion was reached: First, the social skills training has an effect on relieving the impulsiveness of ADHD elementary schoolers. That training serves to help ADHD children who originally behave or speak without thinking control their own impulsive behavior, and to reduce their behavior of teasing classmates, making a big noise, giving impulsive and unreasonable answer, or failing to concentrating on task performance. Second, the social skills training has an effect on developing the self-control of ADHD elementary schoolers. The behavioral characteristics of ADHD children is gradually said to be attributed to the lack of self-control, and poor self-control is known to lead to immediate reaction, distraction sensitive to even slightest stimuli, poor achievement and negative self-concept. A variety of social skills training such as modelling or role playing, are useful for the change or modification of negative behavioral characteristics.

Finite-Time Control for Linear Systems with Impulse Control

Hiroyuki Ichihara,Hitoshi Katayama 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

This paper deals with finite-time stabilization and finite-time boundedness control problems for continuoustime linear time-varying systems with impulse control, which control is governed by discrete-time linear time-varying systems. Sufficient conditions are given for the existence of observer-based output feedback controllers that make a system finite-time stable and finite-time bounded, in terms of differential-difference linear matrix inequalities (DDLMIs). Assuming periodic solutions of the DDLMIs, numerically tractable design conditions for impulse control are given by LMIs. Numerical examples illustrate the design methods of observer-based output control as well as state feedback control.

초등학생의 수업참여에서 자기통제의 역할

임효진(Hyo Jin Lim) 한국교육방법학회 2017 교육방법연구 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구에서는 초등학생의 자기통제가 수업참여에 미치는 역할을 탐색하고자 하였고, 선행연구 결과를 참조하여 자기통제의 요인으로 만족지연, 충동성 억제, 과제지속과 행동통제를 포함한 뒤, 내·외적 특성을 구분하여 각각의 요인이 수업참여에 미치는 차별적 예측력을 알아보았다. 연구모형을 설정함에 있어서 자기통제의 기질적인 특성은 만족지연과 충동성 억제, 그리고 행동적 특성은 과제지 속과 학습행동통제로 간주하고, 특히 행동적 수업참여에 미치는 효과는 학습과 관련된 직접적인 활동이라는 가정 하에 이들을 매개변수로 설정하였다. 초등학교 4-6학년의 학생 215명에게 설문조사를 실시한 자료를 분석한 결과, 구조방정식 모형은 자료에 잘 부합하는 것으로 나타났으며, 부분매개와 완전매개모형을 비교한 결과 완전매개모형이 보다 적합한 것으로 나타나 자기통제의 내적 특성은 외적 행동들을 통해 수업참여에 간접적인 영향을 주는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 구체적으로 살펴보면, 만족지연은 과제지속과 학습행동통제를, 충동성 억제는 학습행동통제를 정적으로 예측하였으며, 과제지속이 높을수록 수업참여의 수준이 높았다. 또한 경로들의 특정간접효과를 분석한 결과 만족지연이 과제지속을 거쳐 수업참여에 미치는 효과만이 정적으로 유의하게 나타났다. 또한 자기통제가 수업참여에 미치는 긍정적인 효과에서 만족지연과 과제지속의 설명력이 상대적으로 높음을 확인할 수있었다. This study aimed to explore the role of elementary school students’ self-control in their classroom engagement. Based on prior research, self-control included delay of gratification, impulse control, task persistence and learning behavior control. I specifically investigated discriminant predictability of factors of self-control on classroom engagement in terms of internal (e.g. delay of gratification, impulse control) and external (e.g. task persistence, learning behavior control) level of control. A total of 215 4 th to 6 th grade students participated in the present study and structural equation modeling was employed to analyze data. Results showed that the model fit data well and internal factors of self-control positively predicted classroom engagement mediated by external factors of self-control. Specifically, students who demonstrated higher delay of gratification showed higher task persistence and learning behavior control. Results from the analysis of specific indirect effects revealed that the path from delay of gratification to classroom engagement via task persistence was significantly positive, meaning that task persistence mediated the relationship between delay of gratification and classroom engagement. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

의학전문대학원생의 죽음에 대한 태도와 공감능력이 자살충동억제의지에 미치는 영향

이수현,최은혜라,김성수 한국의료윤리학회 2012 한국의료윤리학회지 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of the study was 1) to examine the relationship between medical students’ attitudes toward death and their suicidal impulse control and 2) to investigate the effects of empathy on death attitudes and suicidal impulse control. A questionnaire was developed consisting of six death-attitude factors, a suicidal impulse control item, and two empathy related items. The questionnaire was administrated to medical students at one university in Pusan, South Korea. One hundred and six completed questionnaires were analyzed. The results show that the more often respondents think about death and consider death as liberation, the lower their ability is to control suicidal impulses. Respondents who avoided thinking about death or who thought the impact of their death on their family members would be high were more likely to have a higher level of control of suicidal impulses. The impact of their own death on family members was most strongly correlated with an attitude toward death as a natural part of life. Regarding the effects of empathy on suicidal impulse control, cognitive empathy had a stronger correlation with suicidal impulse control than affective empathy. The results of regression show that cognitive empathy has the strongest effect on suicidal impulse control compared to other significant factors. The results of this study imply that the causes of suicide are not limited to the conventional psychological factors, such as depression. Understanding attitudes toward death and empathy could enhance society’s continuing efforts to reduce suicide among college students generally and medical students in particular.

Control Strategy to Reduce Tracking Error by Impulsive Torques at the Joint

Yang Chulho Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2005 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.6 No.2

The study reported deals with investigating the feasibility of control strategy for a serial rigid link manipulator that applies impulsive torques at the joints. The strategy is illustrated for a planar three rigid link manipulator. An impulse-based concept which uses successive torque impulses on rigid link as the controller for motion correction was introduced. This control strategy was tested over the entire trajectory to demonstrate that the tracking error could be reduced effectively. The best condition for minimizing the tracking error with the least impulse input at each joint is investigated by considering one design and one operating parameter. The first was the damping in the system, and the second was the sampling time during operation. The results show that this approach can provide useful guidance for the design and control of robot manipulators that require minimum impulse feedback for accurate tracking.

Control Strategy to Reduce Tracking Error by Impulsive Torques at the Joint

Chulho Yang 한국정밀공학회 2005 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.6 No.2

The study reported deals with investigating the feasibility of control strategy for a serial rigid link manipulator that applies impulsive torques at the joints. The strategy is illustrated for a planar three rigid link manipulator. An impulse-based concept which uses successive torque impulses on rigid link as the controller for motion correction was introduced. This control strategy was tested over the entire trajectory to demonstrate that the tracking error could be reduced effectively. The best condition for minimizing the tracking error with the least impulse input at each joint is investigated by considering one design and one operating parameter. The first was the damping in the system, and the second was the sampling time during operation. The results show that this approach can provide useful guidance for the design and control of robot manipulators that require minimum impulse feedback for accurate tracking.

Leader-following Consensus of Multi-agent Systems via a Hybrid Protocol with Saturation Effects

Xiang Hu,Zufan Zhang,Chuandong Li,Liangliang Li 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2021 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.19 No.1

In this paper, a hybrid protocol which can control multi-agent systems to achieve “leader-followingconsensus” is proposed, the control protocol is periodic and is composed of continuous control and impulse control. Considering the power limitation and the time error of the actual industrial production equipments, the impulsesaturation effects and the impulse time window are introduced. In this paper, the multi-agent system is modeled,one of the agents is designated as the leader, and the rest of the agents are the followers. Then the error systemequations of the multi-agent system is derived. The stability of the error system is analyzed by constructing theLyapunov function. Theorem 1 and theorem 2 are obtained as the criteria of state consensus of the multi-agentsystem. Finally, a numerical experiment is carried out to verify the reliability and efficiency of the conclusions aregiven in this paper. Because it takes into account the impulse time window and impulse saturation effects, which ismore in line with the actual industrial production.

청소년이 지각한 통제적 양육행동과 공격성의 관계: 우울과 역기능적 충동성의 중다매개효과

신현숙,곽유미,김선미 한국심리학회산하학교심리학회 2012 한국심리학회지 학교 Vol.9 No.2

This study was conducted to test multiple mediated effects of adolescents’ depression and dysfunctional impulsivity in the relation between perceived parental control and adolescent aggression. Nine-hundred fifty-seven high school students in Grade 10 participated in this study. The perceived parenting behavior scale, the K-CES-D scale, the impulsivity scale, and the reactive proactive aggression questionnaire were administered to students in their classrooms. The structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the goodness of fit of the mediation models in which the relation between parental control and adolescents’ aggression is mediated by their depression and dysfunctional impulsivity. Bootstrapping procedure was applied to test the multiple mediated effects of depression and dysfunctional impulsivity. The results showed that parental control affects adolescents’ aggression through either the mediation of depression or that of dysfunctional impulsivity. More importantly, parental control affected adolescents’ depression, which in turn influenced dysfunctional impulsivity, which eventually affected aggression. Furthermore, even when depression and dysfunctional impulsivity were taken into account as mediators, the direct effect of parental control on adolescents’ aggression was significant. These results support an integrative framework delineating the role of depression and dysfunctional impulsivity as multiple mediators in the process through which parental control affects adolescents’ aggression. The results also imply the necessity of implementing both direct and indirect services in school psychological intervention and prevention for aggressive adolescents. Finally, the limitations of this study and suggestions for future research were discussed. 이 연구의 목적은 부모의 통제적 양육행동과 청소년의 공격성 간 관계에서 우울과 역기능적 충동성의 중다매개효과를 검증하는데 있다. 이를 위하여, 남녀 고등학생 957명을 대상으로 부모양육태도 질문지, 한국판 우울증 척도(K-CES-D), 충동성 척도, 반응적-선제적 공격성 질문지(RPAQ)를 실시하여 자료를 수집하였다. 구조방정식모형(structural equation modeling) 분석을 통해, 부모의 통제적 양육행동이 우울과 역기능적 충동성을 매개로 하여 청소년의 공격성에 영향을 미치는 매개모형의 적합도를 검증하고, 부트스트랩핑(Bootstrapping)을 적용하여 우울과 역기능적 충동성의 중다매개효과를 검증하였다. 그 결과, 부모의 통제적 양육행동과 청소년의 공격성 간 관계에서 우울과 역기능적 충동성의 중다매개효과가 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 첫째, 부모의 통제적 양육행동이 청소년의 우울을 매개로 공격성에 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 경로가 유의하였다. 둘째, 부모의 통제적 양육행동이 청소년의 역기능적 충동성을 매개로 공격성에 간접적으로 영향을 미치는 경로가 유의하였다. 셋째, 부모의 통제적 양육행동이 청소년의 우울에 영향을 미치고 우울이 역기능적 충동성에 영향을 미쳐서 공격성에 이르는 경로도 유의하였다. 넷째, 우울과 역기능적 충동성을 매개변수로 설정하더라도, 부모의 통제적 양육행동이 청소년의 공격성에 미치는 직접적 영향력이 유의하였다. 이 연구에서는 기존의 연구들이 변수 간 관계를 부분적으로 검증했던 한계를 보완하여, 부모의 통제적 양육행동이 청소년의 공격성에 영향을 미치는 과정을 우울과 역기능적 충동성에 관련지어 살펴보았다는데 의의가 있다. 청소년기 공격성에 대한 통제적 양육행동의 직접 효과뿐만 아니라 우울과 역기능적 충동성의 중다매개효과가 유의하다는 결과는 공격적인 청소년을 위한 학교심리 개입과 예방에서 부모자문의 간접 서비스와 청소년 대상의 직접 서비스를 병행할 필요성을 시사한다. 마지막으로, 연구의 제한점과 후속연구를 위한 제언을 논하였다.