일제 강점기 조선인 여학교와 재조선 일본인 여학교의 특성 비교 연구 – 동덕⋅수원고녀 학적부를 중심으로 –

김명숙 한국사상문화학회 2015 韓國思想과 文化 Vol.76 No.-

In this study, school records of Dongduk and Suwon Girls’ High Schools during the 1940s were analyzed to compare characteristics between Korean girls’ high schools during the Third and Fourth Chosen Educational Ordinance and Japanese girls’ high school in Korea. Dongduk Girls’ High School was a private school founded in Gyeongseong(Seoul) by Chungang Cho Dongshik and Korean benefactors who shared his view of nationalistic women’s education, and had a strong nationalistic tendency. On the other hand, Suwon Girls’ High School was founded as a public school by the Suwon Japanese School Association for secondary education of Japanese female students. While Dongduk Girls’ High School kept the records mainly in Korean and Chinese characters Suwon Girls’ High School recorded in Japanese and Chinese characters. For the names of students and parents, also, the former first put the Korean name, which was crossed out in two lines, to write the Japanese name on top of it. There were 14(8.5%) students out of 165 who did not convert their names into a Japanese one. However, in Suwon Girls’ High School, except 1 student, all students’ names were recorded in the Japanese version. In both Dongduk and Suwon Girls’ High Schools, only a quarter of the parents were involved in agriculture whereas 82.1% of the entire Korean population during the 1930s and 1940s were working in agriculture. However, about one third of parents at Dongduk Girls’ High School and half of parents at Suwon Girls’ High School were public servants or liberal professionals who were highly active in and open to women’s education as a newly emerging bourgeoisie class. In the Third Chosen Educational Ordinance, ‘conduct’, which is likely to reflect the subjective opinion of the teacher, was included in the grade. Demeanor evaluation was based on observation of the teacher in charge on overall daily life of students inside and outside the school, and reveals the perspective and position of the recorder. Suwon Girls’ High School, where both Korean and Japanese students were educated, showed ethnic discrimination in education. 본고는 동덕고녀와 수원고녀의 1945년 졸업생 학적부를 분석하여, 제 3⋅4차 조선교육령기 조선인 사립고녀와 일선공학으로 운영된 재조선 일본인 공립고녀의 특성을 비교사적 관점에서 검토한 것이다. 동덕고녀는 춘강 조동식 선생과 그의 민족주의적 여성교육 이념에 공감한 조선인 독지가들의 재정적 후원으로 설립된 경성 소재의 사립학교로 민족주의 교풍이 강한 학교였다. 수원고녀는 재수원 일본인 학교조합에서 일본인 여학생의 중등교육을 목적으로 설립한 공립학교로 일선공학으로 운영된 일본인 학교였다. 동덕⋅수원고녀의 학적부 기록 언어는 전자가 주로 한글과 한문으로 기록된 반면 후자는 일어와 한문으로 기록되었다. 보호자의 직업은 농업종사자가 동덕고녀 27.3%, 수원고녀 18.8%인 반면, 근대여성교육에 매우 적극적이고 개방적이었던 공무⋅자유업 종사자는 동덕고녀 33.4%, 수원고녀 52.1%였다. 성적평가의 특징은 제 3차 조선교육령에 의해 교사의 자의성과 주관적 판단의 여지가 있는 ‘조행(操行)’과 체위(體位) 점수를 성적에 반영한 것이다. 체위향상을 위해 동덕고녀는 전교생에게 생활체육의 일환으로 근대스포츠를 장려하여 체위를 향상시키고자 했다면, 수원고녀는 군사훈련에 버금가는 강도 높은 체력훈련을 통해 체위를 향상시키고 신체 강건한 황국여성으로 육성하고자 하였다. 성행평가는 관찰자인 담임교사의 주관적인 관점이 가장 잘 드러나는 기록으로, 동덕고녀의 경우 성질과 행위가 성적에 비례하지 않고, 대부분의 학생들을 긍정적으로 평가하였다. 수원고녀는 기질⋅거동평가에서 ‘온순⋅명랑⋅쾌활’한 성품을 긍정적으로 평가한 반면 ‘활발하지 않고, 둔중하며, 멋대로’인 성품을 부정적으로 평가하였다. 지조 평가에서는 한국학생에 비해 일본학생을 긍정적으로 평가하는 경향이 있고, 한국학생을 부정적으로 평가한 것 중에 ‘겉과 속이 다름, 우유부단, 소극적, 견실하지 못함’ 등이 많았다.

불우 소녀들의 가출과 월경 -1930년대 ‘소녀 공출’ 전후사-

김주현 한국여성문학학회 2012 여성문학연구 Vol.28 No.-

In Korean modern literature history, girls are a symbol overshadowed by boys while making a semantic pair with boys. Studies analyzing sociological meanings of symbols of girls as well as works of art that can be categorized as 'girls' novels' have been rare in Korea, which is different from Japan, and this is largely attributable to the concept that girls refer to female students. However, in fact, just a quick glance at modern texts will enable you to meet countless 'disadvantaged girls' who run away from their homes and start crossing the border. This paper escaped from the category where girls are equated with female students,focused on disadvantaged girls in the modern Chosun in the 1920s from the perspective of classes, and identified their traces based on history before and after 'forced supply of girls' in the late 1930s. Modern disadvantaged girls are represented in specific ways through the media such as newspapers and magazines as well as labor-related novels by artists from KAPF referring to an association of Korean proletariat artists. Disadvantaged girls in labor-related novels where female factory workers appear work as breadwinners of poor families, lose their chastity, and develop into 'girls of revolution'. This type of growth is characteristic of artists from KAPF but it is only an ideal where an artist's concept is projected. In reality, these girls tend to suffer from diseases and illnesses, leading to faint mental and physical health. Hence, in order to see the reality more realistically, abductions of girls in the 1930s shall be checked with newspapers and magazines. From the 1920s, the three largest national newspapers often dealt with abductions of girls, which sometimes developed into social scandals involving anti-Chinese nationalistic feelings and drew attention of their readers. However, the disadvantaged girls, thus represented,were objectified as those devoid of human rights by the subjects of reproduction except for cases where girls, once females students,became gisaeng or entertainment girls. This erases uniqueness or individual characteristics as human beings. The so-called 'Aehwa the Girl' or 'Aehwa the Gisaeng' pertain to this category. 'Forced supply of girls' in the 1930s is the worst case where girls were forcefully mobilized as comfort women and then slaughtered. The historical status of comfort women that cannot be sufficiently identified based on anti-colonialism or nationalism needs a historical perspective asking who they were including (un)certainties of testimonies. The traces of disadvantaged girls explored in this study is the answer. 한국 근대 문학사에서 소녀는 소년의 의미론적 짝이되 소년에 가려진 기호이다. 우리의 경우 일본과 달리 ‘소녀 소설’로 부를 만한 작품도, 소녀 표상의사회학적 의미를 분석한 연구도 드문데, 이는 소녀=여학생이라는 인식 탓이크다. 그러나 기실 근대 텍스트를 흘끗 들춰보기만 해도 가출하고 월경하는 숱한 ‘불우 소녀’들을 만날 수 있다. 이 논문은 소녀=여학생이라는 범주를 벗어나 계급적 관점에서 1920년대 이후 근대 조선의 불우 소녀들에 주목해 이들의행적을 1930년대 후반 ‘소녀 공출’ 전후사로 파악했다. 근대 조선의 불우 소녀들은 카프계 작가의 노동 소설, 신문․잡지 매체 등에서 특정한 방식으로 재현된다. 대표적으로 여공이 등장하는 노동 소설의 불우 소녀는 어려운 가정 형편에서 가장 노릇을 하다가 정조를 잃고 ‘혁명 처녀’로 성장한다. 이러한 성장담은 카프 작가에게서 특징적이지만 작가의 이념이투사된 이상적인 것으로, 실제로는 병고로 심신이 쇠약해지는 경우가 많았다. 따라서 비교적 가감 없는 현실을 보려면 1930년대 신문․잡지 기사의 소녀 유괴 사건을 확인해야 한다. 1920년대부터 3대 민족지는 소녀 유괴 사건을 단골로 실었는데, 때때로 그것은 반중 민족 감정이 결부된 사회적 스캔들이 되어독자의 이목을 집중시켰다. 이렇게 재현된 불우 소녀들은, 여학생 출신으로 기생이 되는 사례를 제외하면, 재현 주체에 의해 인권 없는 객체로 사물화됨으로써 오히려 인간으로서 고유성이나 개별성은 지워진다. 이른바 ‘소녀 애화(哀話)’나 ‘기생 애화’가 여기에 해당한다. 1930년대의 ‘처녀 공출’은 이러한 소녀들이 위안부로 끌려가 그들의 소녀기를 살해당한 최악의 케이스이다. 반식민주의나 민족주의로 충분히 규명될 수없는 위안부의 역사적 위치는, 증언의 (불)확실성을 포함하여, 이들이 누구였는가를 되묻는 역사적 관점이 필요하다. 이 논문이 밝힌 근대 불우 소녀들의행적은 이에 대한 답이라 할 수 있다.

광주여자고등보통학교 학생들의 광주학생독립운동 참여

윤선자 호남사학회 2023 역사학연구 Vol.89 No.-

Gwangju Girls’ High School was established in April 1927 with the aspirations of Jeonnam people. And, together with Gwangju High School, Gwangju Agricultural School, and Gwangju Normal School, they actively participated in the Gwangju Student Independence Movement. Gwangju Girls’ High School moved to a new school after living in Gwangju Girls' High School for one year. However, most of the teachers were still Japanese, and the attitude of ignoring Koreans was still the same. In November 1928, Gwangju Girls’ High School student Jang Mae-seong restricted Gwangju Girls' High School students from forming a meeting, and 6 students agreed. Jang Mae-seong’s proposal to form a meeting was influenced by Jang Jae-seong’s younger brother, who organized Seongjinhoe, and was caused by the formation of a research group by Korean secondary school students in the Gwangju area, the closing of the alliance, and the movement toward development into a specific organization. And the most decisive cause was the poor education of Japanese imperialism that high school girls were experiencing at the time. In July 1928, the students submitted a 「Complaint」 demanding the gangbanging of Japanese teachers who ignored them, and attempted a fierce retreat. It showed that students needed a united force to resist Japanese colonial education, and it led to the formation of “Girls’ Association”. The Girls’ Association of Gwangju Girls’ High School, which was formed in early November 1928, became known to the Japanese after Jang Mae-seong was arrested on November 30, 1929. And on January 15, 1930, it ended with the arrest of the girl members. The Girls’ association lasted for about a year and two months, expanded its gathering to Gwangju Girls’ High School, studied social science, and actively participated in the Gwangju Student Independence Movement that began in November 1929. Although they did not participate in the Girls’ association, many students at Gwangju Girls’ High School knew about the Girls’ association, and after the arrest of the Girls’ association by the Japanese, most of the students found out about it, they actively sympathized with the Girls’ association and wanted to be with them. It is clear evidence that Lee Kwang-chun, who was not considered a member of the Girls’ Association by the Japanese authorities, actively recommended the Blank Examination Paper Alliance as a student protest, and all students at Gwangju Girls’ High School agreed to Lee Kwang-Chun’s invitation to participate in the Blank Examination Paper Alliance. Gwangju Girls’ High School students, including members of the Girls’ Association, treated Korean male students who were injured in a clash between Korean and Japanese students. And when they couldn’t go outside the school, they sang independence songs and protested in the school. In addition, everyone actively participated in the Gwangju Student Independence Movement, such as forming a Blank Examination Paper Alliance to be with the arrested Gwangju Girls’ High School students. As a result, many students were suspended or expelled. 1927년 4월 전남인들의 열망으로 설립된 광주여자고등보통학교는 광주고등보통학교, 광주농업학교, 광주사범학교와 함께 광주학생독립운동에 적극 참여하였다. 광주여자고등보통학교는 광주고등여학교에서의 1년 더부살이 후 신축 교사로 이전하였다. 그러나 교사들 대부분은 여전히 일본인이었고, 한국인을 무시하는 태도도 여전하였다. 1928년 11월 광주여고보생 장매성이 광주여고보생들에게 모임 결성을 제한하였고, 6명이 찬성하였다. 장매성이 모임 결성은 제안한 것은 성진회를 조직하였던 장재성의 동생으로 그의 영향을 받았고, 광주지역 한국인 중등학교 학생들의 연구모임 결성과 동맹휴교, 구체적인 조직체로의 발전을 향한 움직임에 원인이 있었다. 그리고 가장 결정적인 원인은 당시 여고보생들이 겪고 있던 일제의 부실한 교육이었다. 1928년 7월 학생들을 무시하는 일본인 교사들의 갱질을 요구한 광주여고보생들의 「진정서」제출과 맹휴 시도는 일제의 식민교육에 저항하려면 학생들의 단결된 힘이 필요하다는 것을 보여주었고, 그것이 모임 결성으로 연결되었다. 1928년 11월 초에 결성된 광주여고보의 소녀회는 1929년 11월 30일 장매성이 체포된 후 일제에게 그 존재가 알려졌고, 1930년 1월 15일 소녀회원들이 체포됨으로써 막을 내렸다. 소녀회는 약 1년 2개월 동안 존속하며, 광주여고보에 모임을 확대하고 사회과학을 공부하였으며 1929년 11월부터 전개된 광주학생독립운동에 적극 참여하였다. 소녀회에 참여하지 않았지만 광주여고보의 많은 학생들이 소녀회를 알았고, 소녀회가 일제에게 체포된 후에는 대부분의 학생들이 알게 되었으며, 소녀회원들을 적극 동정하고 함께 하고자 하였다. 일제가 소녀회원으로 파악하지 않은 이광춘이 백지동맹을 적극 권유하였고, 여고보의 모든 학생들이 이광춘의 백지동맹 참여 권유에 동의하였음이 명백한 증거이다. 소녀회원들을 포함하여 광주여고보생들은, 한․일 학생 충돌로 인해 부상당한 한국인 남학생들을 치료하고, 학교 밖으로 나갈 수 없게 되자 교내에서 독립가를 부르며 시위하였다. 또한 검거된 여고보생들과 함께 하고자 백지동맹을 결행하는 등 광주학생독립운동에 모두가 적극 참여하였다. 그리고 그로 인해 많은 학생들이 정학, 퇴학 처분을 당하였다.

알파걸과 비알파걸의 소비스타일 비교

유현정(Hyun Jung Yoo) · 김성희(Sung Hee Kim) · 김혜미(Hye Mi Kim) · 정희경(Hee Kyoung Jung) 충북대학교 생활과학연구소 2008 생활과학연구논총 Vol.12 No.2

Recently, women are more capable than men, i.e., alpha girls' activities are noticeable. Alpha girls are an elite group to lead a future society. Since their consumption life can be a meaningful role model for other women of the similar age or other groups, they are the subject worthy to be noted. In this regard, this research measured the alpha girl index for female university students and, as a result, classified them into three groups such as alpha girl, medium alpha girl, non-alpha girl. And this research analyzed if there would be any difference in consuming feature pursuant to a difference in alpha girl index. The result of analysis is as follows: Firstly, the relation with a father, equality, self-development, choice of job, character, and awareness on outward appearance, etc. showed a statistically significant difference among alpha girl, medium alpha girl, and non-alpha girl groups. Secondly, as a result of comparing the consuming style among alpha girl, medium alpha girl, and non-alpha girl, a factor per each area showed a similarity as well as a great difference. Thirdly, although alpha girls showed an outstanding performance in terms of academic record, social activity, and character, etc. in comparison to others, a maturity in awareness was not that supported in comparison to their excellent individual capability. In particular, in terms of a consuming aspect, it was insufficient to find that they had a remarkably higher level of consuming value than non-alpha girl.

Boys from Mars, Girls from Venus: Implications for Encouraging Girls` Participation in Physical Activities in Elementary Schools

( Yeon Jong Hong ),( Ok Seon Lee ) 한국체육학회 2015 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.1

Purpose: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in encouraging girls` participation in physical activities in elementary schools in Korea. Adopting action research, the purpose of this study was to examine students` perceptions of girls` participation in physical activities in elementary schools in order to provide some evidence for developing pedagogical programs for girl`s engagement in physical activities. Research questions are as follows: (a) How did students perceive girls` participation in physical activities in elementary schools?, (b) What were the pedagogical strategies to facilitate girls` participation in physical activities? Method: Participants were 5th grade students in an elementary school (n=24, 12 boys and 12 girls). Data were collected from focus group interviews, participant observations and teacher`s reflective journal entries. Data were analyzed inductively and trustworthiness of data was enhanced through triangulation and member check with participants. Result: Finding revealed that participants perceived girls` participation in the following ways. Firstly, negative perceptions of girls` participation were caused by: (a) prejudice due to stereotypes, (b) criticism and distrust, and (c) incongruent level of competitiveness. Secondly, positive perceptions of girls` participation in physical activities were formed through: (a) strengths in the role (e.g., caring, sympathetic, cooperative), (b) motivation for improvement, and (c) offering opportunities for active participation. Through these perceptions, following instructional strategies for encouraging girls` participation in physical activities were suggested: (a) breaking stereotypes on girls` participation, (b) establishing inclusive and respectful environment, (c) nurturing strengths in roles, (d) developing motivation for improvement, (e) focusing on possibilities rather than deficit, and (f) enhancing mutual understanding. Conclusion: The findings suggest that there is a need for promoting action research in that it provides a range of students` voices for the development of pedagogical program for girls in elementary schools. Further study is needed to develop specific programs for encouraging girls` participation in physical activities. Lastly, teacher education programs should focus on understanding and developing girls-friendly physical activities.

근대일본 소녀소설에서 보는 "소녀" 표상 -요시야 노부코(吉屋信子) 『꽃 이야기(花物語)』를 중심으로-

최은경 한국일본근대학회 2013 일본근대학연구 Vol.0 No.42

일본은 메이지(明治)에서 다이쇼(大正)에 걸쳐서 급속히 근대화를 수행해 간다. 그러한 근대국가형성의 대의명분 아래 ``여성의 국민화``라는 시대적 요청에 의해 생겨난 것이 ``소녀``라는 존재이다. 그 중에서도 여학교를 다니는 ``여학생``은 당시의 소녀상과 소녀문화를 대표하는 특별한 계층으로 부상해 온다. 본고에서 다룬『꽃 이야기(花物語)』52편의 단편에는 어김없이 제명의 꽃과 닮은, 혹은 이미지한 소녀들 혹은 여성들이 등장하거나, 꽃 이름이 하나의 기호로서 상징체계가 작동하여 소녀기의 소녀를 표상하고 있음을 확인했다. 또한 각 단편에서 소녀들(여학생)의 동성을 상대로 한 친밀한 관계는 특유의 미성숙함과 소녀취향의 감미한 관계성이 엿보인다. 여학생의 연애가 금지되고 여자는 반드시 결혼해야 한다는 시절에 여학생인 소녀들은 허락된 그들만의 공간에서 동성을 향한 연애 감정을 직접적으로 혹은 소녀잡지와 소녀소설을 통해서 공유했던 것이다. 이와 같이 근대 ``소녀``라는 개념에 갇힌 이들은 하이브리드한 요소를 가진 불완전한 존재였으며, 그들의 불안은 동성과의 로맨틱한 연대감을 통해 희석되었다. 그러나 소녀들에게서 보이는 소녀표상이란 그들의 존재만큼이나 사회에서 강요된 규범과 내적 욕구라는 사이에서 불완전성을 내포한 채로 소녀잡지와 소녀소설을 통해 공유되고 있었던 것이다. Japan`s Meiji Taisho in played over the rapid modernization goes. The cause of the formation of the modern state that under the ``nationalization of women`` is formed by the contemporary requests ``girl`` that is present. Among them, ``girls`` attending ``female`` and girls at the time Representation of ``Girl`` special layer that represents the culture comes to injuries. Discussed in this paper, "Hanamonogatari" 52 short films resemble the flowers of expulsion without fail, or the image of a girl or women, or the appearance, flower name symbolism as a sign of the girl group Girls to work has confirmed that the representation. In addition, each fragment of girls against the same-sex intimate relationships, and immaturity of the distinctive flavor and sweetness of girl relationship is one glimpse. A woman`s love is forbidden girls must marry the girls of the girls in the days allowed in the space of their own love feelings towards the gay girl directly or through magazines and girls who shared stories will Thus, the modern ``girl`` trapped in the concept that these elements in the incomplete present hybrid was gay, and their anxiety was diluted with a romantic sense of community. What is seen from the figure girls, but girls as their presence in the community between the imposed norms and inner desires and remain fraught with imperfections girl girl magazines and novels that would have been shared with.

여고생들의 피부건강관리에 대한 지식, 태도 및 실천행위

신은정 ( Eun Jung Shin ),전만중 ( Man Joong Jeon ),사공준 ( Joon Sakong ) 한국미용학회 2009 한국미용학회지 Vol.15 No.1

The knowledge, attitude and practice on skin health care were investigated among 200 high school girls at the girl`s high school in Yeongcheon city to provide proper skin care information and methods of actual skin care by using the structured questionnaire. The average score on knowledge of skin health care was 6.08 points(out of 14 points). It was not significantly different according to the characteristics including the student`s grade, economic status and level of mother`s education. However, it was significantly different higher among those girls having no older sisters(p<0.01), among those girls having very much interest of overall health(p<0.05) and the highest among those girls who obtain information about skin care management through the mass media(p<0.01). The average score on the attitude toward skin care management was 4.02 points(out of 11 points). It was significantly higher among those girls having no older sisters(p<0.01), among those girls whose mother`s level of education was high school(p<0.01), among those girls who had more than 60,000 won of monthly allowance(p<0.01) and among those girls who were interested in health(p<0.01). The average score of practice on skin care management was 2.98 points(out of 12 points). It was significantly higher among those girls from well-to-do families(p<0.05), among those girls having no older sisters(p<0.01), among those girls who were thought to be health(p<0.01), among those girls who were more interested in health(p<0.01), among those girls who were satisfied with external aspect and skin condition(p<0.01), and the highest among those girls who obtain skin care information from dermatology clinics and private skin care clinics(p<0.01). In conclusion, the levels of knowledge, attitude, and actual skin care were high among those girls having no older sisters, and among those girls who were interested in health. Therefore, it is suggested that education of skin health is needed with health education at school. Since there were many subjects who obtained information about skin care management through the mass media, education of skin health is needed at school to deliver correct skin care information and to let the students practice proper skin care.

한일 ‘백합물’ 서사 속 소녀 표상의 시차

신현아 ( Shin Hyeon A ) 동서대학교 일본연구센터 2022 次世代 人文社會硏究 Vol.18 No.-

본 연구는 ‘소녀’들이 재현되어 온 역사적 맥락과 ‘소녀’를 주인공으로 하고 소녀 간의 성애를 주요하게 다루는 장르인 ‘백합물’을 분석한다. 이를 통하여 가부장적 질서에서 재생산을 위해 예비된 미숙한 존재로 위치지어진 ‘소녀’가 소녀 간의 성애를 통해 그 자리 나눔을 깨부수는지 보고자 한다. 연약하고 대상화되어 있는 동시에 불온한 두려움을 내포하고 있는 ‘소녀’는 그래서 늘 통제의 대상이었다. ‘어머니’ 이자 ‘아내’가 되기 이전의 존재이자 훼손되지 않은 순결함인 동시에 그렇기 때문에 늘 훼손당할 가능성을 가진 존재로서 통제되어야 했던 것이다. 그러나 소녀들은 그러한 통제를 계속해서 벗어나고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 소녀-여학생 대중서사 담론의 변화를 ‘백합물’이라는 장르의 역사적 맥락과 비교하여 살펴보고자 한다. 1990년대에 나타난 대중서사 장르인 백합물의 배경이 되는 여학교와 여학생들 간의 관계는 사실상 1910년대 일본의 여학교-여학생을 복제한 것에 가깝다. 당시의 여학교는 현모양처가 되기 이전의 소녀들의 순결을 유지하기 위한 공간인 동시에 여학생들의 해방적 공간으로 기능하였다. 그런 공간을 1990년대의 서브컬처에서 다시 소환하여 일종의 ‘장르’로 기능하게 만드는 것의 의미와 2010년대에 다시 그 장르를 재해석하면서 ‘소녀’에 관한 담론의 변화의 추이를 살펴보고자 한다. 그리고 1910년대 제국 일본의 여학교와 여학생이 1990년대에 재현되고 2010년대에 재해석되는 역사적 흐름과 식민지의 여학교와 여학생이 1990년대에 다시 재현되고 재해석되는 역사적 흐름을 비교해보고자 한다. 이를 통해 ‘소녀’의 내부에서 제국과 식민지의 차이가 어떻게 갈라지게 되는지를 살펴봄으로써 소녀 간의 사랑이 제국과 식민지에서 다른 해방성을 갖게 되는 것을 보고자 한다. 그리고 그러한 ‘소녀’의 내부에서 제국과 식민지의 차이가 어떻게 갈라지게 되는지를 살펴봄으로써 소녀 간의 사랑이 제국과 식민지에서 다른 해방성을 갖게 되는 것을 보고자 한다. This study analyzes the historical context in which “girls” have been reproduced and “Yuri”, a genre that mainly deals with sexuality between girls with “girls” as the protagonists. Through this, I would like to see if a “girl,” positioned as an inexperienced being reserved for reproduction in a patriarchal order, breaks the sharing of the place through sexual love between girls. The objectification of overflowing girls portrays a girl who was inexperienced politically and rationally as mature only sexually. This means, on the one hand, that the girl's body has always existed as 'non-human', 'uncontrollable'. A girl is a child who is fragile and deserves the protection of men, and at the same time, as a bleeding person with a womb, she is also a 'woman' who seduces men and leads them to ruin. At the same time, the girl is a 'unstable/imperfect' being who has yet to know what it will be or what it will be. That's why the “girl,” which is weak and objectified, and at the same time harboring unwarranted fear, has always been the subject of control. It was a presence before becoming a “mother” and a “wife,” as well as unspoiled purity, and therefore, it had to be controlled as an entity with the possibility of being damaged all the time. But the girls keep trying to get out of that control. This study attempts to examine the changes in the discourse of girls and girls by comparing them with the historical context of the genre called 'Yuri.' And by examining how the difference between the empire and the colony diverges within such a “girl,” I would like to see that the love between girls has a different emancipation from the empire and colony.

근대 일본에서 ‘소녀’라는 문제-나카가와 히로미(中川裕美), <소녀잡지로 보는 「소녀」상의 변천-만화는 「소녀」를 어떻게 그렸는가>

김소원 대중서사학회 2015 대중서사연구 Vol.21 No.3

Nakagawa Hiromi’s work The Transformation of “Girl” Image Seeing through Girl‘s Magazine: How the Comics Represented “Girl” is a discourse on a concept, “girl” which was formed since modern times. An image of “girl” has been transformed by several media of Japan. Furthermore, this image of “girl” symbolizes part of Japanese culture. Until now various studies of “girl” have been progressed and that is what a discourse of “girl” image is an important reason. A history of “girl” started from “female student” which was derived from an operation of public education. In addition, “girl” has a very special image which was created by “girl’s magazine.” Nakagawa Hiromi analyzes and criticizes synthetically discourses on “girl” which was explained by several scholars after a study of Honda Masuko. By extension, she made an attempt to analyse “girl” in the shojo manga. The “girl” in the comics has been excluded from studies on “girl” by this time although that is very important. Therefore, Nakagawa’s study has a great significance in that it led the “girl” in the comics out into the field of serious “girl” discourse. This book review points out a few of problems of Nakagawa Hiromi’s analysis on “girl” and presents new discourse on “girl.”

호남지역 기독교 여학교의 3.1운동- 수피아여학교, 기전여학교, 정명여학교를 중심으로 -

이가연 동아대학교 석당학술원 2019 石堂論叢 Vol.0 No.74

3.1 Independence Movement in the Honam region, women played a leading role in mobilizing crowds, making the Taegeukgi, printing and distributing of declarations. The representative groups of these organized resistance movements were students from Gwangju Supia Girls' School, Jeonju Kijeon Girls' School and Mokpo Jeongmyoung Girls' School. These were missionary school. At that time, women accepted new cultures and ideas through Christian mission schools, and tried to adapt themselves to the new spirit of the times. Mission schools, basically, engaged in Christian democracy education and independent educational activities based on the idea of freedom and equality. And training of talent to serve the nation and society was set as the primary goal of education. As a result, students were able to cultivate the spirit of the times, the sense of the nation and nationality. Based on the national consciousness, the students actively started the 3.1 Independence Movement. 1919.3.10, 23 teachers and students from the Supia Girls' School were arrested and 3.13, 13 students from Kijeon Girls' School were arrested. 4.8, in Mokpo, a number of students and teachers from the Jeongmyoung Girls' School were arrested. Their resistance movement did not end 3.1 Independence Movement. After that, Students at Supia Girls' School, formed organizations such as Yeolsejip, Banilhae and Baekcheongdan. Students at Jeongmyoung Girls' School, in 1921, caused the Mokpo Manse Incident. They took over the spirit of the 3.1 Independence Movement, they took to the streets in protest, at the 1929 Gwangju Student Movement. 호남지역 3.1운동에서 여성들은 군중동원, 태극기 제작, 격문과 선언서 인쇄 및 배포를 담당하고 시위 군중을 이끄는 등 주도적인 역할을 하였다. 이러한 조직적 저항운동의 대표적인 집단이 광주 수피아여학교, 전주 기전여학교, 목포 정명여학교 학생들이었다. 본고는 수피아, 기전, 정명여학교 학생들이 3.1운동 과정에서 조직적 주체로 주도적인 역할을 할 수 있었던 배경을 학교의 설립과정과 교육이념, 민족의식의 성장 등을 통해 살펴보았다. 위 세 학교는 모두 미국 남장로교 선교사들이 설립한 기독교계 여학교이다. 선교사들은 선교사업의 일환으로 학교를 설립했지만 근대적 공교육 시스템이 거의 없던 당시, 이들은 지역 교육의 한 축을 담당하였다. 특히 여성들은 기독교계 학교를 통해 새로운 문물·사상을 적극적으로 받아들이고 새로운 시대 환경에 적응하려고 했다. 기독교계 학교는 기본적으로 기독교적 민주주의 교육과 자유·평등사상에 의한 자주적 교육활동 등을 통해 국가와 사회에 봉사할 수 있는 인재 양성을 교육의 최대 목표로 설정하였다. 이에 따라 학생들은 근대의 시대정신, 국가의식, 민족의식을 배양할 수 있었다. 그리고 민족의식을 바탕으로 3.1운동에 적극적으로 나섰다. 그러나 이들의 저항은 3.1운동으로 끝난 것이 아니었다. 수피아여학교에서는 열세집, 반일회, 백청단 등의 조직을 만들어 활동하는 한편 정명여학교 학생들은 1921년 목포만세사건을 일으켰다. 1929년 광주학생운동 과정에서도 수피아, 기전, 정명의 여학생들은 3.1운동의 정신을 이어받아 적극적으로 시위에 나섰다.