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Kim, Oh Youn,Lee, Jaewook,Gho, Yong Song Elsevier 2017 Seminars in cell & developmental biology Vol.67 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Extracellular vesicles are nano-sized spherical bilayered proteolipids encasing various components. Cells of all domains of life actively release these vesicles to the surroundings including various biological fluids. These extracellular vesicles are known to play pivotal roles in numerous pathophysiological functions. Extracellular vesicles have distinct characteristics, like high biocompatibility, safety, and nano-sized diameters that allow efficient drug loading capacity and long blood circulation half-life. These characteristics of extracellular vesicles have engrossed many scientists to harness them as new tools for novel delivery systems. This review will highlight the current state of the arts and problems of such extracellular vesicle-based theranostics, drug delivery and vaccines, and introduce “extracellular vesicle mimetics” as the novel alternative of extracellular vesicles. We hope to provide insights into the potential of extracellular vesicle mimetics as superior substitute to the natural extracellular vesicles that can be applied to theranostics, drug delivery, and vaccines against various diseases.</P>
Identification of EDIL3 on extracellular vesicles involved in breast cancer cell invasion
Lee, J.E.,Moon, P.G.,Cho, Y.E.,Kim, Y.B.,Kim, I.S.,Park, H.,Baek, M.C. Elsevier 2016 Journal of proteomics Vol.131 No.-
Cancer cell-derived extracellular vesicles have been linked to the pathogenesis of various cancers; however, the role of extracellular vesicles in tumorigenesis remains unclear. To identify extracellular vesicle proteins involved in cancer metastasis, quantitative proteomic analyses were performed on extracellular vesicles derived from two representative breast cancer cell lines: the less invasive MCF-7 and the invasive MDA-MB-231. Proteomic analysis allowed for the identification of 270 proteins in the extracellular vesicles. Here we report a new function of EDIL3 on extracellular vesicles, which are sufficient for enhancement of cell invasion and for acceleration of lung metastasis in vivo. This invasion is most likely mediated via the integrin-FAK signaling cascade in breast cancer cells. However, these effects are suppressed when EDIL3 is inactivated, providing evidence for a critical role of EDIL3 in development of cancer. Consistently, in human patients with metastatic breast cancer, the levels of EDIL3 on circulating extracellular vesicles are significantly elevated. This information is a remarkable breakthrough in understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying metastasis of breast cancer as well as in the research for cancer biomarkers using circulating extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, targeting EDIL3 on extracellular vesicles may lead to a new therapeutic option for treatment of breast cancer.
Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Using Coffee Ring
Jeong, Hwapyeong,Han, Chungmin,Cho, Siwoo,Gianchandani, Yogesh,Park, Jaesung American Chemical Society 2018 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.10 No.27
<P>Extracellular vesicles are categorized in subsets according to their biogenesis processes. To facilitate the investigation of subsets, an effective method is needed for isolating subpopulations. The efficacy of existing density and size-based isolation methods is limited, and as a result, the correlation of properties within separated subpopulations is modest. Here, we introduced size separation with ∼48 nm resolution that exploits Marangoni flow and the coffee-ring effect in microdroplets in which extracellular vesicles are spatially deposited at different location according to size of extracellular vesicle. Interestingly, the analysis of tetraspanin proteins of the extracellular vesicles facilitated by this method reveals that the size of extracellular vesicles is correlated with expression of tetraspanin proteins (CD9, CD63, CD81) that are associated with the size of extracellular vesicles. The findings show that CD9 and CD81 are uniformly expressed regardless of size, CD63 is highly expressed only in larger extracellular vesicles. This evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles can be classified based on size and expression of CD63.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Song, Minyu,Kim, Hyaekang,Kwak, Woori,Park, Won Seo,Yoo, Jayeon,Kang, Han Byul,Kim, Jin-Hyoung,Kang, Sun-Moon,Van Ba, Hoa,Kim, Bu-Min,Oh, Mi-Hwa,Kim, Heebal,Ham, Jun-Sang Korean Society for Food Science of Animal Resource 2019 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.39 No.4
Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 secretes family 5 extracellular solute-binding protein via extracellular vesicle. In our previous work, it was demonstrated that the protein effectively alleviated food allergy symptoms via mast cell specific apoptosis, and it has revealed a therapeutic potential of this protein in allergy treatment. In the present study, we cloned the gene encoding extracellular solute-binding protein of the strain into the histidine-tagged pET-28a(+) vector and transformed the resulting plasmid into the Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3). The histidine-tagged extracellular solute-binding protein expressed in the transformed cells was purified using Ni-NTA affinity column. To enhance the efficiency of the protein purification, three parameters were optimized; the host bacterial strain, the culturing and induction temperature, and the purification protocol. After the process, two liters of transformed culture produced 7.15 mg of the recombinant proteins. This is the first study describing the production of extracellular solute-binding protein of probiotic bacteria. Establishment of large-scale production strategy for the protein will further contribute to the development of functional foods and potential alternative treatments for allergies.
Kim, J.H.,Jeun, E.J.,Hong, C.P.,Kim, S.H.,Jang, M.S.,Lee, E.J.,Moon, S.J.,Yun, C.H.,Im, S.H.,Jeong, S.G.,Park, B.Y.,Kim, K.T.,Seoh, J.Y.,Kim, Y.K.,Oh, S.J.,Ham, J.S.,Yang, B.G.,Jang, M.H. Mosby 2016 The journal of allergy and clinical immunology Vol.137 No.2
<P>Background: The incidence of food allergies has increased dramatically during the last decade. Recently, probiotics have been studied for the prevention and treatment of allergic disease. Objective: We examined whether Bifidobacterium longum KACC 91563 and Enterococcus faecalis KACC 91532 have the capacity to suppress food allergies. Methods: B longum KACC 91563 and E faecalis KACC 91532 were administered to BALB/c wild-type mice, in which food allergy was induced by using ovalbumin and alum. Food allergy symptoms and various immune responses were assessed. Results: B longum KACC 91563, but not E faecalis KACC 91532, alleviated food allergy symptoms. Extracellular vesicles of B longum KACC 91563 bound specifically tomast cells and induced apoptosis without affecting T-cell immune responses. Furthermore, injection of family 5 extracellular solute-binding protein, a main component of extracellular vesicles, into micemarkedly reduced the occurrence of diarrhea in a mouse food allergy model. Conclusion: B longum KACC 91563 induces apoptosis of mast cells specifically and alleviates food allergy symptoms. Accordingly, B longum KACC 91563 and family 5 extracellular solute-binding protein exhibit potential as therapeutic approaches for food allergies.</P>
MDPI 2019 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES Vol.20 No.6
<P>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are evolutionary well-conserved nano-sized membranous vesicles that are secreted by both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Recently, they have gained great attention for their proposed roles in cell-to-cell communication, and as biomarkers for human disease. In particular, small RNAs (sRNAs) contained within EVs have been considered as candidate interspecies-communication molecules, due to their demonstrated capacity to modulate gene expression in multiple cell types and species. While research into this field is in its infancy, elucidating the mechanisms that underlie host–microbe interactions and communications promises to impact many fields of biological research, including human health and medicine. Thus, this review discussed the results of recent studies that have examined the ways in which EVs and sRNAs mediate ‘microbe–host’ and ‘host–microbe’ interspecies communication.</P>
최영우,Park Hae-Sim,김윤근 대한천식알레르기학회 2023 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.15 No.3
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an end product released from almost all living cells such as eukaryotic cells and bacteria. These membrane vesicles containing proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are mainly involved in intracellular communications through the transfer of their components from donor to acceptor cells. Moreover, EVs have been implicated in many functions in response to environmental changes, contributing to health and disease; bacterial EVs depending on their specific parental bacterium have diverse effects on immune responses to play a beneficial or pathogenic role in patients with various allergic and immunologic diseases. As bacterial EVs are a completely new area of investigation in this field, we highlight our current understanding of bacterial EVs and discuss their diagnostic and therapeutic potentials (as immunomodulators) for targeting asthma and atopic dermatitis.
Spatiotemporal Isolation and Retrieval of Extracellular Vesicles via Polymersomes
서한진,남창우,김은서,이효민 한국공업화학회 2020 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2020 No.-
Vesicles have attracted significant attention in therapeutic delivery, bioreactors, artificial cells as well as organelles due to their aqueous core and a molecular bilayer shell structure, which resembles the natural biological membrane. This allows effective encapsulation and isolation of biomolecules such as proteins, exosomes, metabolites, and nucleic acids from the surrounding biological environment. In this work, we present a microfluidic strategy for producing polymersomes, vesicles with self-assembled polymer bilayer structure, and exploit their utility in spatiotemporal isolation and retrieval of extracellular vesicles. Moreover, we systematically investigate the effect of polymer composition, solvent, osmotic pressure, and interfacial tension during preparation on long-term stability of these vesicles.