Aligning e-Procurement Systems with Sourcing Processes for Indirect Goods

김중인,최정상 한국경영공학회 2008 한국경영공학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Corporate procurement processes can be divided into sourcing and operational buying, while items to be procured are generally classified into direct goods and indirect goods. A single e-procurement system cannot meet all the business requirements, and not all e-procurement systems are equally suitable for supporting different procurement processes. Most of the literature on e-procurement systems was concerned with a single e-procurement system and without matching procurement processes with different e-procurement systems. Among the e-procurement barriers are inadequate e-procurement solutions and inadequate business processes to support e-procurement. Therefore, the adoption of different e-procurement systems supporting different procurement processes is needed, but one of the difficulties is to find, deploy, and utilize the right solutions to the right places. In order to provide a solution to this problem of sourcing processes for indirect goods, we first introduce a process-centric framework for aligning various e-procurement systems with sourcing and operational buying processes for indirect goods. Then, based on the framework, we align the sourcing processes with various e-procurement systems. Aligning various e-procurement systems with operational buying processes for indirect goods and procurement processes for direct goods are not covered in this paper. The framework and alignment in this paper can help companies effectively adopt various e-procurement systems and can be further extended.

미국의 전자조달법제에 대한 연구

김대인 행정법이론실무학회 2022 행정법연구 Vol.- No.67

One of the main characteristics of Korean public procurement system can be found active implementation of electronic procurement (e-procurement) system. Korea On-Line Procurement System(KONEPS) is a integrated e-procurement system in which notice of contract, award, contract conclusion, inspection and payment are conducted comprehensively. To have a sound legal ground for e-procurement implementation, 「Act on the Use and Facilitation of E-Procurement」 was enacted in 2013. Recently, GSA are making efforts to reform KONEPS through using new technologies like artificial intelligence(AI) and blockchain. This article sees e-procurement law and practices in the United States(US). After many trials and errors, General Services Administration(GSA), which is a centralized procurement agency in Federal government in US, manages centralized e-procurement system which is called ‘System for Award’(SAM), and Multiple Award System which is implemented through ‘GSA Advantage!’ is widely used by both Federal and State/local governments. Recently, GSA introduced public entity’s purchasing from the commercial e-marketplace such as Amazon through Government Purchase Card(GPC) under micro purchase threshold. State and local government manages their own e-procurement system respectively. When comparing e-procurement law and practices in Korea with those of US, Korea focuses on highly centralized E-Procurement Model, while US uses less centralized E-Procurement Model complemented by E-Marketplace Model. Korea’s highly centralized E-Procurement Model has merits that overlapping investment to e-procurement system in each procuring agency can be avoided, however it can be a hurdle to customized purchasing of end-users. To address this issue, KONEPS should be reformed to entail more user-friendly platform, and purchasing from the commercial e-marketplace should be allowed in certain scope. Furthermore, local government should have room for using e-procurement system in private sector to enhance decentralized procurement.

Legal Issues in Facilitation, Fair-Use of E-Procurement System - Lessons from Korean Experience

김대인 한국법제연구원 2019 KLRI journal of law and legislation Vol.9 No.1

As e-procurement system is gaining the importance for transparency and efficiency of procurement, legal basis of e-procurement is evaluated as critically important for successful implementation of this system. This paper analyzed four legal issues based upon Korean experience: i) the role of law in facilitating or fair-use of e-procurement, ii) the relationship between e-procurement and ‘tendering or award mechanism,’ iii) the relationship between law and technology, and iv) the scope of outsourcing of e-procurement management functions. Korea On-Line E-Procurement System (KONEPS), which is managed by Public Procurement Service of Korea (PPS), takes the central figure in e-procurement system of Korea. KONEPS, which covers all procurement process from bidding notice, bidding, award, contracting to payment, is evaluated positively, as this system tremendously enhanced the transparency and efficiency of procurement. However, this system also showed many limitations, and E-Procurement Act was enacted in 2013 to address them. Law and practice of e-procurement system of Korea shows many lessons on the above four legal issues.

A Study on the Possibility of E-Government Procurement in China

Seoung-Taek Lee 한국무역학회 2019 Journal of Korea trade Vol.23 No.6

Purpose - This paper aims to study what is impacting the development of e-Government Procurement in China, the current strategies of developing Chinese Governmental e-Procurement, and to present some measures by which Korea’s exporting industry could enter the Chinese procurement market. Design/methodology - This study is to provide a systematic literatures review on what is impacting the development of e-Government Procurement in China. Hence, based on western research, Chinese literiatures are used for this study. Findings - To penetrate the e-procurement of the Chinese government, the acquisition of government procurement certification is necessary. Secondly, the qualification of “Made in China” is one way to join the market. And finally for Korean companies to enter the procurement, it is necessary to provide products to the public institutions such as universities, hospitals and social organizations and to the state-owned enterprises. Originality/value - This paper aims to study what is impacting the development of the e-Government Procurement in China, the current strategies of developing Chinese Governmental e-Procurements, and to present some measures by which Korea’s exporting industry could enter the Chinese procurement market. These originalities can be expected to give understanding of Chinese e-govenment procurement and insight for strategy for both Korean enterprise and relavant academic circles.

E-Marketplace의 활성화 방안: 기업의 전자조달을 중심으로

천홍말,변지석 국제e-비즈니스학회 2003 e-비즈니스 연구 Vol.4 No.1

In this paper, we suggest the revitalization strategies of e-marketplaces for e-procurement. Our findings show that the e-marketplaces need to support more variety items for b2b e-procurement such as horizontal e-marketplaces. In addition, we also found that e-marketplaces should develop better pricing mechanisms. These mechanisms would be developed through blending e-exchange with e-bidding, or reverse auction. 본 논문은 기업이 구매품목의 특성을 고려하여 전자조달을 할 때, 주로 어떠한 전자시장과 가격결정방식을 통하여 거래하는 것이 바람직한가를 실증적으로 분석하였다. 검정결과로부터 전자시장이 전자조달을 효과적으로 지원하기 위해서는 먼저, 거래처리가 유연하게 이루어 질 수 있도록 여타 시장과 차별화된 각 종 지원시스템을 개발함은 물론 이를 지속적으로 개선하여야 한다는 결론을 얻었다. 아울러, 특정 산업에 특화되기보다는 수평적 전자시장과 같이 가능한 다양한 품목을 취급하는 것이 바람직하다는 점을 발견하였다. 끝으로, 가격결정방식에 대해서는 구입할 품목은 구매기업이 알아서 시장에 등록하면서도 가격결정은 가능한 빨리 진행되는 방식을 개발함으로써 거래소형 교환과 전자입찰, 또는 역 경매의 장점을 동시에 지원할 필요가 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

E-Procurement in the European Union

( Sebastian Bobowski ),( Jan Gola ) 한국EU학회 2019 Asia-Pacific Journal of EU Studies Vol.17 No.1

The aim of the paper is to study the public procurement market in the European Union (EU) in the context of procurement digitalization (e-procurement). It will also then examine the comprehensive use of electronic tools both by businesses participating in a tender procedure and public sector in charge of procedure management. The procurement digitalization is expected to make public spending more transparent, effective, optimized, evidence- and market- oriented. The new EU legislation goes beyond the use of electronic tools to simplify preaward and post-award stages of the procurement procedure, both to facilitate businesses to participate and public sector to manage the procurement. Among the key opportunities resulting from digitalization there is an improvement of access to public procurement markets for enterprises, with special regard to SMEs, increased transparency, simplification and acceleration of procedures, reduction of costs of participation in the procedure for all parties, reduction in administrative burden and red-tape, encouraging innovation. The paper addresses major aspects of transition to e-procurement in the EU, including, among others, ESPD and e-Certis, EXEP, ESPD, e-PIOR, The Classical Sector Directive 2014/24/EU, E-Invoicing Directive 2014/55/EU, as well as activities of CEN, CEF, EMSFEI, e-SENS, and IMI.

Preventing Procurement Fraud in E-purchasing for Indonesian Local Governments

ZAHRA, Femilia,ABDULLAH, Muhammad Ikbal,KAHAR, Abdul,DIN, Muhammad,NURFALAH, Nurfalah Korea Distribution Science Association 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.2

This study aims to investigate the effects of e-purchasing on increasing transparency, expanding market access, and the efficiency of the government procurement process. This study also investigates how transparency of the procurement process, improved market access and the efficiency of the procurement process in e-purchasing will decrease the level of fraudulent government procurement in Indonesia. The questionnaires were distributed to the Procurement Service Units (ULP) of Local Governments through email. There are currently 542 ULPs in Indonesia based on the data of the Government Procurement Policy Institute (LKPP). However, only 520 ULPs had their email addresses traced, 120 ULP returned the questionnaires and the response rate is lower than it was expected. The data research was analyzed by a structural equation model (SEM) by using WarpPLS 7.0. The results reveal that the e-purchasing effect on the transparency, the expansion of market access, and the efficiency of the government procurement process. The other findings show the negative effect between efficiency in government procurement and fraud in government procurement. The findings of this study suggest that efficiency in the process of government procurement will minimize fraud in government procurement. However, transparency in government procurement and the expansion of market access was not sufficient to minimize fraud in government procurement.

B2B 전자조달시스템의 핵심성공요인(CSF) 도출을 위한 실증분석

이상진(Lee, Sang Jin),신승만(Shin, Seoung Man) 한국무역상무학회 2010 貿易商務硏究 Vol.47 No.-

The purpose of this study would like to investigate the critical success factors of the e-procurement which means on-line purchase of goods and services for organizations. This action represents one of the largest expense items in a firm's cost structure. In order to draw CSFs of e-procurement system, we have surveyed questionnaire to the related firms. The basic variables used in this survey are taken from many precedent researches in relation to the e-procurement. On the other hand, the research data is collected from companies which had used the MRO e-marketplace. Through factor analysis of those data, four-factor resulted as follows: (1) factor one suggests the rationalization of the firm’'s management of its suppliers; (2) factor two calls for redesigning affected business processes and influencing end-user/employee procurement-related behaviors; (3) factor three refers to carefully orchestrating an e-procurement technology planning process with one's suppliers and using intelligence in designing the software and mining the data it produces; and (4) factor four relates to selecting an e-procurement solution and/or simultaneously participating in a number of electronic environments supporting e-procurement. In conclusion, these four factors are regarded as critical success factors for the application of e-procurement system and then suppliers should take care the effective planning of e-procurement structure.

op Down vs. Grassroots E-Government: A Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of E-Procurement against Corruption in Malaysia and Korea

James C,Schopf 국제개발협력학회 2019 국제개발협력연구 Vol.11 No.3

Purpose: Democratization and social structure have been identified as critical factors affecting E-Government’s corruption fighting capacity. To determine how E-Government functions differently against corruption in democratic egalitarian vs. authoritarian inegalitarian nations, this study examines the factors behind Korea’s successful anti-corruption E-Procurement program KONEPS and Malaysia’s less successful E-Perolehan program. Originality: Despite the contributions of large sample empirical work, no in-depth case analysis has yet shown how democracy and egalitarian social structure increases E-Government’s effectiveness against corruption, which is important for those interested in reforming under-utilized or ineffectively applied E-Government systems. Methodology: This longitudinal case study unpacks the causal mechanisms between cause and outcome, comparing and contrasting the development of E-Government, in particular, E-Procurement in two East Asian NICS: the consolidated egalitarian democracy of South Korea and single party, inegalitarian Malaysia. Result: Democratization and an egalitarian social structure provided incentives for citizens and politicians to back E-Government as a graft-fighting tool. Korean civic groups pressed to stop corruption and helped design KONEPS to reduce bureaucratic discretion over the selection of tender winners and release of annual purchasing plans and detailed bid information. In contrast, the Malaysian state introduced E-Government to bolster the ruling UMNO’s image and intentionally maintained E-Perolehan’s information asymmetries and bureaucratic discretion to preserve lucrative corruption schemes. Conclusion and Implication: Malaysia’s newly elected opposition party politicians have a strong incentive to use E-Perolehan against corruption by releasing more information regarding procurement plans, contract details and selection criteria while eliminating bureaucratic discretion over the selection of tender winners.

Top Down vs. Grassroots E-Government: A Comparative Analysis of the Effectiveness of E-Procurement against Corruption in Malaysia and Korea

SCHOPF JAMES CHRISTOPHER 국제개발협력학회 2019 국제개발협력연구 Vol.11 No.3

Purpose: Democratization and social structure have been identified as critical factors affecting E-Government’s corruption fighting capacity. To determine how E-Government functions differently against corruption in democratic egalitarian vs. authoritarian inegalitarian nations, this study examines the factors behind Korea’s successful anti-corruption E-Procurement program KONEPS and Malaysia’s less successful E-Perolehan program. Originality: Despite the contributions of large sample empirical work, no in-depth case analysis has yet shown how democracy and egalitarian social structure increases E-Government’s effectiveness against corruption, which is important for those interested in reforming under-utilized or ineffectively applied E-Government systems. Methodology: This longitudinal case study unpacks the causal mechanisms between cause and outcome, comparing and contrasting the development of E-Government, in particular, E-Procurement in two East Asian NICS: the consolidated egalitarian democracy of South Korea and single party, inegalitarian Malaysia. Result: Democratization and an egalitarian social structure provided incentives for citizens and politicians to back E-Government as a graft-fighting tool. Korean civic groups pressed to stop corruption and helped design KONEPS to reduce bureaucratic discretion over the selection of tender winners and release of annual purchasing plans and detailed bid information. In contrast, the Malaysian state introduced E-Government to bolster the ruling UMNO’s image and intentionally maintained E-Perolehan’s information asymmetries and bureaucratic discretion to preserve lucrative corruption schemes. Conclusion and Implication: Malaysia’s newly elected opposition party politicians have a strong incentive to use E-Perolehan against corruption by releasing more information regarding procurement plans, contract details and selection criteria while eliminating bureaucratic discretion over the selection of tender winners.