Network analysis for co‐occurrence of pest insects on host crops

도윤호,최문보 한국곤충학회 2019 Entomological Research Vol.49 No.1

In this study, the co‐occurrence patterns of 618 pest insects for 47 host crops, including vegetables, grains, and fruits, were identified. To identify the pest co‐occurrence patterns for various crops, and the interactions among the pest insects and crops, we employed social network analysis methods. We used three traditional centrality measures (degree, closeness, and eigenvector) to determine the relative significance of each crop and pest as a node in the network. Throughout the network analysis, crops and pest nodes were divided into six groups, based on modularity. Crops in the same group could be considered as alternate hosts for pests from the same group. There were clear differences in the cultural practices between groups (i.e., dryland farming versus wetland farming). This indicated that dryland crop pests do not use wetland crops as resources. Pome fruit trees, such as apple and pear, had high centrality indices, which indicated the importance of these crops in the network and their high vulnerability to damage by a multitude of pests. In this study, although it was assumed that all crops were cultivated on the same piece of land during a single growing season, the complex interactions between the whole units were visualized and analyzed as a computable network.

경남 함안 및 산청 채소재배지에서 목련강(Magnoliopsida)과 백합강(Liliopsida) 잡초에 발생하는 곤충상

안 수정,이성근,김형우,홍점규,이증주,최성환 한국잔디학회 2022 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.11 No.4

A total of 11 families and 26 species of weeds were surveyed in the upland crop cultivation areas of Haman (35°18'00.4"N 128°17'43.6"E) and Sancheong (35°23'39.3"N 127°54'05.3"E) in Gyeongnam. In the Haman area, the important value (IV) of the dominant colony of the Chenopodiaceae family was 21.60 for Chenopodium album and Chenopodium ficifolium , respectively, and the important value (IV) of the dominant colony of the Poaceae family was Setaria viridis and Echinochloa crus-galli (33.32). In the Sancheong area, the important value (IV) of the dominant colony of the Chenopodiaceae family was 27.84 for Chenopodium album and Chenopodium ficifolium , respectively, and the important value (IV) of the dominant colony of the Poaceae family was Echinochloa crus-galli (36.10) and the Setaria viridis (34.54). A total of 3,519 insects were observed and collected from weeds in Haman and Sancheong areas in Gyeongsangnam-do, with a total of 4 orders, 23 families, and 68 species. The classification group with the largest number of species surveyed was Hemiptera (35 species, 51.5%, and 2,886 individuals, 82.0%), followed by Lepidoptera(13 species, 19.1%, and 188 individuals, 5.3%), Coleoptera (11 species, 16.2%, and 87 individuals, 2.5%), and Orthoptera (9 species, 13.2%, and 358 individuals, 10.2%) . The first dominant species in the weed dominant colony of the Chenopodiaceae family was Orthotylus flavosparsus , and the first dominant species in the weed dominant colony of the Poaceae family was Stenotus rubrovittatus . The fact that the Hemiptera shows a high ratio in species and individuals means that it feeds on weeds or uses them as habitat compared to other orders. Among the 68 insect species that occur on weeds in this survey, 43 species (63.2%) were identified as agricultural insect pests. This information on insect occurrence is thought to contribute to establishing an efficient management plan for weeds as well as crops. 본 연구에서는 잡초와 곤충과의 상호연관성을 알아보고 잡초군락에 따른 발생 곤충상을 조사하여 작물생산환경을 이해하는 데 기초자료로 삼고자 실시하였다. 경남 함안 지역 (35°18'00.4"N 128°17'43.6"E)의 밭작물 경작지내 목련강(Magnoliopsida) 명아주과 우점 군락의 중요치(IV)는 명아주, 좀명아주가 각각 21.60, 백합강(Liliopsida) 벼과 우점 군락의중요치(IV)는 강아지풀(34.64), 돌피(33.32)의 순이었다. 경남 산청 지역 (35°23'39.3"N 127°54'05.3"E)에서도 명아주와 좀명아주의 중요치가 각각 27.84으로 가장 우점하였고 벼과에서는 돌피(36.10), 강아지풀(34.54) 순으로 조사되었다. 경남 함안, 산청 지역의 잡초에서 관찰, 채집되어 동정된 곤충은 총 4목 23과 68종 3,519개체였다. 가장 많은 종수가 조사된 분류군은 노린재목으로 총 35종(2,886개체, 82.0%)이었고, 나비목 13종(188개체, 5.3%), 딱정벌레목 11종(87개체, 2.5%), 메뚜기목 9종(358개체, 10.2%)순이었다. 이번에 조사한 잡초에 발생하는 곤충 68종 중 43종(63.2%)은 농업해충임을 확인하였다. 이러한 곤충 발생 정보는 작물 뿐만 아니라 잡초의 효율적인 관리방안을 수립하는데 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

Molecular characterization of lepidopteran pest-resistant transgenic rice events expressing synthetic Cry1Ac

Kyeong-Ryeol Lee,Kong Sik Shin,Seok Cheol Suh,Ki Young Kim,Yong Hee Jeon,Beom Seok Park,김주곤,Soon-Jong Kweon,Yeon-Hee Lee 한국식물생명공학회 2009 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.3 No.4

The insecticidal toxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is one of the most commonly used in the development of genetically modified (GM) crops. In this research, we analyzed Bt rice showing lepidopteran pestresistance. The Bt gene is a synthetic Cry1Ac composed of optimal codons for plants, and the Bt protein is targeted to the chloroplast by a transit peptide. Three Cry1Ac rice events (C103-3, C127-1, and C7-1) were analyzed for molecular characterization. C103-3 contains two copies of T-DNA where the left border (LB) region is truncated. Both C7-1 and C127-1 have a single copy of T-DNA, but a part of the vector backbone DNA is inserted into the genome of C127-1; thus, only C7-1 had intact T-DNA. Progenies of C7-1 crossed with the original cultivar, Nakdong, and double-haploid lines from anther culture of lines crossed with the elite cultivar, Dongjin, were analyzed for T-DNA flanking genomic DNA and genotyping. Results showed that an intact T-DNA region without the vector backbone was inserted into the genome and was stably inherited through generations. The C7-1 homozygous event could be used as breeding material to develop GM rice with pest resistance.

Effect of a cotton intercrop on spider mite populations in jujube trees

Haiqiang Li,Qian Li,Dongmei Wang,Jian Liu,Jianping Zhang,Yan-Hui Lu 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.1

In the arid and semi-arid parts of Xinjiang (China), jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill) orchards are regularly intercropped with cotton. In 2016–2017, a field study was conducted to compare the species composition and infestation pressure of spider mites in local jujube trees under a cotton-jujube intercropping system and a jujube monocrop system. Our results showed that Tetranychus truncatus Ehara accounted for 94.2–98.5% of all spider mites in either cropping systems. Overall abundance of tree-inhabiting spider mites, including T. truncatus, in intercropped orchards was generally higher than in monocrop ones. Combining our work with earlier findings, we demonstrate how intercropping of cotton and jujube trees generally increases population levels of spider mites on either crop.

Terrestrial pest gastropod diversity and spatiotemporal variations in highland agricultural lands of Sri Lanka

Thilakarathne Dinelka,Hirimuthugoda Nadeela,Ranawana Kithsiri,Kumburegama Shalika 한국생태학회 2024 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.48 No.1

Background: The available information on terrestrial pest gastropods and their impact on the environment worldwide is scarce and outdated. The present study aimed to address this gap by conducting the first comprehensive survey of pest gastropods in the Nuwara Eliya District, an important vegetable growing area in the highlands of Sri Lanka. Eighty agricultural lands were surveyed over two years by establishing ten 1 m2 sampling plots per crop type in each agricultural land. Geo-coordinates, air temperature, elevation, relative humidity, daily rainfall, soil pH, species richness and abundance were recorded for rainy and non-rainy periods. The relationship between species composition and environmental variables was analyzed using multi-regression models and distribution maps. Results: Out of the 14 species recorded in agricultural lands, nine were identified as exotic pest species. Species abundance (t = 4.69, p < 0.05) and diversity was higher in the rainy period and the dominant species during this period were Bradybaena similaris (t = 2.69, p < 0.05) and Deroceras reticulatum (t = 2. 46, p < 0.05). Eggs and estivating adults were found in soil and under decaying organic matter during the non-rainy period. The exotic species showed broader preferences for the measured environmental factors and showed a wider range in distribution compared to the native species. Variation in pest gastropod composition was significantly accounted for by elevation, relative humidity, soil pH and daily rainfall. Additionally, the species richness and abundance varied across locations due to the combined effects of elevation, crop type and stage, and field type. Conclusions: The study emphasizes the importance of understanding the biology and ecology of gastropod pests to develop effective management strategies. By considering the influence of environmental factors and implementing appropriate soil management techniques, such as targeting specific habitats and crop stages, it is possible to mitigate pest populations and minimize their impact on agricultural lands. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into the dynamics and interactions of terrestrial gastropods in agricultural ecosystems, supporting sustainable pest management practices.

Brief Report for the Occurrence of Major Pests and Their Damage on Cultivating Minor Crops in Chungbuk Province

Ahn Ki-Su,Changmann Yoon,Sun Kook Kim,Hyo-Joong Kang,Young Ho Kim,Eui Yon Hong 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04

As increased the cultivating areas of several minor crops for medicine such as Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Astragalus membranaceus, Taraxacum platycarpum, Gynanchum wilfordii, and Purple granadilla, the occurrence of major pests and their damages were severed. Primarily occurred pests on five minor crops were observed small in size pests such as whiteflies, aphids and thrips, but the other pests are insignificantly infest. Whiteflies showed higher density in G. uralensis but its damage was insignificant level. Aphids were showed higher density at June in all minor crops and then sharply decreased the density with lower degree of damage. The high damage on initial growth stage will be judge to affect on the yield. Thrips on T. platycarpum showed higher density with 44.1%, compare to other crops, sharply increased the density in late-June and optimal peak in mid-July and decreased in late-Aug. Conclusively, major pests on crops, green peach aphid, mites species on A. membranaceus and G. uralensis, olender aphid, mites species and thrips on G. wilfordii were damaged. Detailed investigation and analysis for economic value of the damaged pest for the continual production will be promoted and then followed the procedure the registration of agrochemicals.

얼치기완두 피복재배가 고추 주요 해충 및 천적 발생에 미치는 영향

한은정 ( Eun Jung Han ),홍성준 ( Seong Jun Hong ),박종호 ( Jong Ho Park ),조정래 ( Jeong Rae Cho ),최재필 ( Jae Pil Choi ),김용기 ( Yong Ki Kim ),심창기 ( Chang Ki Shim ),김민정 ( Min Jeong Kim ),지형진 ( Hyung Jin Jee ) 한국환경농학회 2013 한국환경농학회지 Vol.32 No.1

얼치기완두 피복재배가 고추 주요 해충 및 천적에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 황색점착트랩을 이용하여 절지동물군의 발생을 조사하였으며, 고추에서 발생한 진딧물과 총채벌레의 밀도, 그리고 총채벌레와 담배나방에 의한 피해를 조사하였다. 황색점착트랩을 이용한 조사 결과, 고추 정식 전과재배 초기에 얼치기완두에서 고치벌, 진딧물 유시충, 총채벌레가 밀도가 높았다. 하지만 얼치기완두 피복재배구의 고추에서는 진딧물류가 유의하게 낮게 발생하였으며, 총채벌레류와 담배나방은 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. Research Article : BACKGROUND: In organic agriculture, various cover crops have been used to control weeds. In this study, we investigated the suppressive effects of Vicia tetrasperma (L.) Schred (Eolchigi wandu) on the occurrence of major insect pests and their natural enemies in pepper. METHODS AND RESULTS: To estimate the effect of cover-crop on arthropod diversities and occurrences of insect pest in pepper. V. tetrasperma was sowed as cover-crop plot October, 2008 and 2009. Control plot was kept bare in winter season and mulched with black plastic-film before transplanting red pepper seedlings. Pepper seedlings, Capsicum annuum, were transplanted on the 19th of May, 2009 and on the 20th of May, 2010, respectively. Five Yellow sticky traps were set and changed at 7 days interval. Densities of aphids and thrips and damaged fruit rates by oriental tobacco budworm, Helicoverpa assulta, were counted. CONCLUSION(S): Populations of aphids, thrips and braconid wasps were maintained high on V. tatrasperma before transplanting pepper seedlings and in early season of pepper. However, the densities of aphids on pepper in the control plot were much higher than in the cover-crop plot in the early stage of pepper. Damaged fruit rates by both of thrips and oriental tobacco budworm were not significantly different between the two experimental plots.

Yield Loss in Mulberry Due to Sucking Pest Whitefly, Dialeuropora decempuncta Quaintance and Baker (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

Bandyopadhyay, U.K.,Kumar, M.V.Santha,Das, K.K.,Saratchandra, B. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2001 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.2 No.1

The whitefly, Dialeuropora decempuncta Quaintance and Baker (Homoptera : Aleyrodidae) causing considerable damage to mulberry, Morus alba. Crop loss caused by the whitefly was estimated in mulberry. Quantitative yield loss was estimated on the basis of harvest data from both sprayed and unsprayed plots. Data on pest incidence has been recorded at weekly intervals in both sprayed and unsprayed plots from 30 th day of plant age till harvesting i.e., 60 days after pruning in August October season. An attempt has been made to establish a relationship between whitefly population and percentage of crop loss due to it. Percentage of crop loss due to whitefly has got a linear relationship with the whitefly population. An initial population of 24 adults/top leaf would be able to cause 24% loss (l,630 Kg leaf/ha ) in a period of 30 days. Economic analysis postulates that application of pesticide can stove a net amount of 1,630 Kg leaf/ha which is sufficient to produce 67.65 Kg of additional multivoltine cocoons. This determines the cost/benefit ratio which will enable to workout the economics of management practices.

Assessment of Tuta absoluta yield loss in Iranian tomato crops

Rostami E.,Madadi H.,Abbasipour H.,Fu J.,Cuthbertson A.G.S. 한국응용곤충학회 2021 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.24 No.4

The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), a devastating pest of tomato plants, originates from South America but it has been considered an invasive pest for Iran since 2010. To assess crop loss caused by this pest, a study was conducted in a 600 m 2 field under a randomised complete block design. The impact of different initial densities of T. absoluta, including control (without infestation), one, two, four, and eight T. absoluta eggs on each host plant in the first and second year was investigated with an additional treatment (16 pinworm eggs per host plant) used in the second year. Yield attributes including length and width of fruits, numbers of infested and intact fruits along with their weights were sampled and assessed on a weekly basis. In addition, the correlation between the number of galleries and these characteristics was also investigated. Crop loss data demonstrated that the effect of different infestation levels on fruit size and the weight of intact fruits was not significant over both years. However, the effect of treatment on the percentage and weight of infested fruits was shown to be significantly different in 2014 and 2015. Furthermore, there was a negative significant correlation between the number of galleries and weight of infested fruits in both years. Collectively, these results will be useful for enhancing pest management programs of T. absoluta in Iran

Survey of overwintering sites of R. pedestris in diverse landscapes in Korea

Minhyung Jung,Doo-Hyung Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04

R. pedestris is a major insect pest in agricultural production, especially on soybean and tree fruit, in Korea. Currently, the management of this pest relies mainly on insecticide application in most commodities. However, the chemical controls cause numerous environmental problems. To develop sustainable management tools, it is fundamental to understand the basic biology and ecology of R. pedestris. However, the overwintering ecology of this pest is virtually unknown. In this study, we surveyed diverse landscapes including high elevation mountains soybean fields and there neighboring forests to find and characterize the overwintering sites of R. pedestris. In the field, we sampled leaf litters from 1㎡ grids to locate overwintering R. pedestris. The samples were taken every 100m altitude in the mountain areas or every 50m distance in the flat landscapes. Overwintering R. pedestris were found from 6 samples out of 137 samples. All overwintering R. pedestris were located from forested areas adjacent to urban landscapes in Seong-Nam si, Gyeong-Gi Do. Interestingly, no overwintering R. pedestris was found from in the samples collected from high elivation mountains including Yeon-In, Song-Ni, Chi-Ak, Ga-Ya, Wol-Chul. likewise, no overwintering individual was found from soybean fields and their neighboring forested areas. With caveat that the data were collected only for 1 year, our results support that R. pedestris overwinters solitary resulting in low detection rates from the samples. Given that R. pedestris typically disperse into cultivated crops with high densities, it is important to better understand environmental factors affecting the presence or absence of overwintering R. pedestrris in diverse landscapes. The knowledge would be essential to develop sustainable monitoring and management programs for this economically important pest in Korea.