노지감귤 단기 저장가능성에 대한 경제적 효과 검토

안경아(Kyeong Ah Ahn),문태완(Tae Wan Moon),김배성(Bae Sung Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2018 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.19 No.8

제주지역에서 대부분 생산되는 감귤류는 재배방식에 따라 노지에서 재배되는 온주감귤, 시설하우스에서 재배되는 온주감귤, 노지이지만 비가림 시설을 해서 재배되는 온주감귤 그리고 노지 온주감귤 보다 재배 시기가 늦고 품종도 다른 한라봉, 천혜향, 진지향 등 만감류로 구분된다. 만감류는 온주감귤 보다 맛 등 품질이 좋아 소비량이 꾸준히 증대되어 ’90년 이후 최근까지 재배면적과 생산량이 지속해서 늘어나고 있고, 비가림 감귤 재배도 정부의 정책적 지원과 더불어 당도개선등 품질향상 효과가 있어 지속해서 늘어나고 있다. 그러나 이에 반해 2010년 이후 노지 감귤의 재배면적은 지속해서 감소하고 있다. 이 연구는 감귤류 중 생산비중이 높지만 지속해서 재배면적이 줄고 있는 노지 감귤을 연구의 대상으로 삼고, 특히 수급 안정에 핵심적인 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 파악되는 저장부문의 수급안정 기여 가능성을 탐색하는데 초점을 두고 있다. 노지감귤 중장기 수급모형 추정 및 전망을 위해 노지감귤 개별 품목에 대한 부분균형모형을 구축하고 품목별 모형내 개별방정식은 계량경제학 방법을 이용하여 추정하였다. 생산량 저장 시나리오 분석 결과, 재배면적은 2027년 기준 감귤 생산량을 5% 저장했을 때 14.49ha, 10%인 경우 14.97ha, 15%인 경우 15.50ha에 이를 것으로 분석된다. 이 연구는 현재 산지에서 저장에 초점을 두고 있지 않은 상황에서 저장가능성에 대한 종합적인 기술적 및 경제적인 검토를 하고 있다는 데 선행연구들과 차별성이 있다. Citrus fruits can be classified as field citrus, greenhouse citrus, citrus produced by rain proof cultivation and late-harvested citrus such as Hallabong, Chunhaehyang, and Jinjihyang according to cultivation method or variety in Jeju province of Korea. The consumption of late-harvested citrus has been increasing steadily since 1990 because the sugar content of the fruits is ordinary higher than field citrus. The cultivation land of citrus produced by rain proof cultivation has been also enlarged continuously aided by Korean government support program and quality increasing effect of this cultivation method. However, the cultivation land of field citrus has been decreasing since 2010. In spite of such a decrease of cultivation land, recently the price of field citrus rather declined according to increasing of yield per 10a. For the estimation and forecast of the long-term supply-demand model in the field citrus, we constructed a partial balance model for the individual field citrus and estimated individual equation in each item’s model by using the econometric method. As a result of the production storage scenario analysis, the cultivation area is expected to store 5%(14.49ha), 10%(14.97ha). 15%(15.50ha) of citrus production in 2027. This study reviews the structure of storage, and storability in Jeju field citrus and suggest several policy implications.

당유자 유래 Flavonoids 농축액이 첨가된 감귤 음료의 쥐 비만 및 혈중 지질에 미치는 영향

최영훈(Younghun Choi),이영재(Young Jae Lee),이선이(Sunyi Lee),채치원(Chiwon Chae),박석만(Sukman Park),김상숙(Sang Suk Kim),안현주(Hyunjoo An),Dale King,한창훈(Changhoon Han),홍현주(Hyunju Hong) 한국원예학회 2012 원예과학기술지 Vol.30 No.2

본 연구에서는 제주산 청과즙과 제주 재래귤인 당유자 과즙 내의 기능성 성분을 대량 추출하여 새로운 타입의 고기능성 감귤 음료를 개발코자 기능성 연구를 실시하였다. 관능 검사를 통해 청과 착즙액 30%에 KILO Prep을 이용하여 얻은 당유자 유래 플라보노이드 농축액 15%를 포함하는 Citrus-F 음료를 제조하였다. 새롭게 제조된 Citrus-F를 경구 투여하여 쥐 체중의 변화를 관찰한 결과 HF diet(고지방사료)와 Citrus-F를 병행하여 급이한 군의 경우 급이 7주차부터 HF diet만 단독으로 급이한 군에 비하여 뚜렷하게 체중이 감소되어 그 효과는 실험이 끝나는 9주째까지 지속되었다. 또한 Citrus-F가 혈중지질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 경구 투여한 쥐를 대상으로 한 혈청검사에서 혈중 지방함량은 Citrus-F 처리군에서 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 급이 시점을 초기부터 시작한 경우에는 triglycerid의 수치는 감소하였지만 total cholesterol과 HDL-cholesterol의 수치에는 별다른 영행을 미치지 못했다. 그러나 5주 후부터 0.1% Citrus-F를 급이한 처리군에서 triglyceride, total cholesterol과 HDL-cholesterol의 수치가 모두 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과 당유자 유래 플라보노이드 농축액을 15% 포함하는 고기능성 Citrus-F 음료는 비만 및 각종 혈중지질 관련 질병의 예방에 효과가 있을 것으로 사료된다. This study aimed to develop a new type of functional citrus beverage (Citurs-F) containing flavonoids extracted from the young fruits of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) and matured fruits of Jeju native dangyooja (C. grandis). We made beverages that contained 30% of satsuma mandarin extract with different percentages of concentrated dangyooja-derived flavonoid extracts. In sensory evalution, the highest response indices of color, taste and aroma were from the beverages based on the 30% young fruit extracts plus 15% (Citrus-F-15) and 20% (Citrus-F-20) flavonoids extract from the dangyooja using the KILO prep. In the changes of body weight after oral administration of the Citrus-F, the rat group with HF diet plus the Citrus-F decreased the body weight compared to the rat group fed only HF diet. This effect was to be continued for 9 weeks until the end of experiment. In the lipid content in blood, the rat group with oral administration of citrus extractions merely tended to resolve it in serum test. However, all the 0.1% Citrus-F-15 and Citrus-F-20 treated rat groups from the beginning or after 5 weeks appeared the lowest lipid contents in the blood. In the cholesterol contents, the rat group feeding the KILO-prep's extraction from the beginning weren't significantly recognized them in the group but the rat group feeding 0.1% Citrus-F-15 acted to reduce in the cholesterol contents from 5 weeks. The results indicated that the Citrus-F-15 with rich flavonoids might be main source alleviating the vascular diseases and obesity in human diet.

제주산 유기농 영귤(Citrus sudachi)을 첨가한 전통 발효식품 응용소스의 품질 특성

최영진(Choi Young Jin) 제주학회 2017 濟州島硏究 Vol.48 No.-

본 연구는 영귤 과피의 독특한 향미와 과즙의 풍부한 신맛을 요리 소재로서 활용가치를 높이고자 영귤 착즙액을 첨가한 응용소스를 제조·시험하여 식품소재로서의 활용 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 간장, 어간장, 고추장, 멸치젓, 자리젓을 이용한 소스 제조 시 식초대신 영귤 착즙액을 첨가한 소스군 사이에 맛이 유의적인 차이가 있는 것으로 판정되었으며, 영귤 착즙액을 첨가한 소스류에 대한 기호도를 평가한 결과 식초를 첨가한 소스군 보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이들 소스를 60일간 냉장온도(5℃)에 저장하였으나 유의적인 변화가 없어, 영귤 착즙액을 첨가한 소스류를 냉장고에 저장할 경우 적어도 2개월 내에는 그 품질이 안정한 것으로 평가되었다. 영귤 착즙액 5.4%에 소유자, 당유자, 산귤 등 재래종감률 착즙액을 추가하여 제조한 혼합조미소스의 관능평가는 그룹 간 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, 향에 있어서는 소유자>당유자>산귤의 순으로 점수가 높았고, 맛의 항목 중 신맛과 쓴맛은 당유자가 다른 군에 비해 강하였고, 단맛에는 차이가 없었다. 전체적 기호도는 소유자 첨가군이 당유자, 산귤 첨가분에 비해 유의적으로 높았다. 이상의 결과들로 보아 영귤 착즙액을 각종 응용소스에 조미제로 활용한다면, 수입산 레몬 또는 라임을 영귤로 대체할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. This study intended to evaluate the possibility of utilizing as food material by manufacturing and testing the application sauce in which citrus sudachi juice extraction is added in order to enhance the utilization value of unique flavor of fruit skin of citrus sudachi and the rich sour taste of juice as cooking material. When making the sauces that utilize Soy bean sauce, Fish soybean sauce, Gochujang, Anchovy sauce and Jari-Jeot, it was found that the group of sauce in which citrus sudachi juice extraction is added instead of vinegar showed significant difference in taste, when evaluating the preference on the sauces in which citrus sudachi juice extraction is added, they are superior to the group of sauce in which vinegar is added. When these sauces are stored in the cooling temperature (5°C) for 60 days, they showed no significant change, it is evaluated that the quality is stable within at least 2 months in case of storing the sauce in which citrus sudachi juice extraction is added, in the refrigerator. The sensory evaluation of mixed seasoning sauce which was made by adding the juice extraction of local varieties such as small citron, citrus tenuissima and citrus to 5.4% citrus sudachi juice extraction, showed no significant difference between groups, the flavor showed high scores in the order of small citron>citrus tenuissima>citrus, and citrus tenuissima is stronger in bitterness and sourness than other groups, no difference in sweetness. Overall preference showed significantly higher in the group where small citron is added than the group with citrus tenuissima and citrus. When putting above results together, it is judged if citrus sudachi juice extraction will be utilized to various application sauces as seasoning, it can replace imported lemon or lime.

Effect of X-irradiation on Citrus Canker Pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri of Satsuma Mandarin Fruits

Song, Min-A,Park, Jae Sin,Kim, Ki Deok,Jeun, Yong Chull The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.4

Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is one of the most important bacterial diseases of citrus. Because citrus canker is not found in many countries including European Union and Australia, Xcc is strictly regulated in order to prevent its spread. In this study, the effects of X-irradiation on Xcc growth either in the suspension or on the surface of citrus fruits were investigated. The suspension containing $1{\times}10^7cfu/ml$ of Xcc was irradiated with different absorbed doses of X-irradiation ranging from 50 to 400 Gy. The results showed that Xcc was fully dead at 400 Gy of X-irradiation. To determine the effect of X-irradiation on quarantine, the Xcc-inoculated citrus fruits were irradiated with different X-ray doses at which Xcc was completely inhibited by an irradiation dose of 250 Gy. The $D_{10}$ value for Xcc on citrus fruits was found to be 97 Gy, indicating the possibility of direct application on citrus quarantine without any side sterilizer. Beside, presence of Xcc on the surface of asymptomatic citrus fruits obtained from citrus canker-infected orchards was noted. It indicated that the exporting citrus fruits need any treatment so that Xcc on the citrus fruits should be completely eliminated. Based on these results, ionizing radiation can be considered as an alternative method of eradicating Xcc for export of citrus fruits.

Effect of X-irradiation on Citrus Canker Pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri of Satsuma Mandarin Fruits

송민아,박재신,김기덕,전용철 한국식물병리학회 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.4

Citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is one of the most important bacterial diseases of citrus. Because citrus canker is not found in many countries including European Union and Australia, Xcc is strictly regulated in order to prevent its spread. In this study, the effects of X-irradiation on Xcc growth either in the suspension or on the surface of citrus fruits were investigated. The suspension containing 1×107 cfu/ml of Xcc was irradiated with different absorbed doses of X-irradiation ranging from 50 to 400 Gy. The results showed that Xcc was fully dead at 400 Gy of X-irradiation. To determine the effect of X-irradiation on quarantine, the Xcc-inoculated citrus fruits were irradiated with different X-ray doses at which Xcc was completely inhibited by an irradiation dose of 250 Gy. The D10 value for Xcc on citrus fruits was found to be 97 Gy, indicating the possibility of direct application on citrus quarantine without any side sterilizer. Beside, presence of Xcc on the surface of asymptomatic citrus fruits obtained from citrus canker-infected orchards was noted. It indicated that the exporting citrus fruits need any treatment so that Xcc on the citrus fruits should be completely eliminated. Based on these results, ionizing radiation can be considered as an alternative method of eradicating Xcc for export of citrus fruits.

An Ex-post Impact Assessment of the KOR-USA Free Trade Agreement on the Korean Citrus Industry

김배성,김만근,Kim, Bae-Sung,Kim, Man-Keun The Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 2020 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.21 No.4

한미 FTA 체결 이후 미국산 오렌지의 지속적인 수입증가에 따른 국내 감귤산업 파급영향에 대한 관심이 높다. 이 연구는 한미 FTA 발효 이후 2012-2017년 동안의 감귤산업의 변화를 계측하고, 한미 FTA 도입이 감귤산업에 미치는 사후 영향을 평가하였다. 이 연구는 분석을 위해 감귤류를 노지감귤, 하우스감귤, 만감류 부문으로 구분하고, 각 부문별 수급균형모형을 구축하여 시뮬레이션 분석에 이용하였다. 각 부문내 주요 방정식들은 응용계량경제학 방법을 이용하여 추정하고, 각 부문별 수급구조모형은 동태축차적 시뮬레이션모형으로 구축하여 2012-2017년 동안에 대해 연차별로 정책 시뮬레이션이 가능하도록 하였다. 각 모형은 작물연도를 기준으로 구축되었고, 해당 시기에 수입되는 오렌지, 체리 등에 수입산 대체가능 작물에 대한 효과를 고려할 수 있도록 설계되었다. 시뮬레이션 분석에 앞서 각 부문별 모형에 대한 예측력을 RMSPE, MAPE, Theil의 불균등계수 등을 기준으로 검토하였다. MAPE 기준으로 노지감귤, 하우스감귤, 만감류의 재배면적 1-7%, 생산량 5-9%, 소비량 5-10%, 경락가격 5-10% 내외의 오차율을 보여, 각 부문별 모형의 주요 변수에 대한 추정치들의 예측력이 전반적으로 양호한 수준으로 나타났다. 예측력 검토결과를 바탕으로 시뮬레이션 분석을 실시한 결과, 한미 FTA 발효 이후 2012-2017년 연평균 조수입(실질)이 노지감귤 23.9억 원, 하우스감귤 30.1억원, 만감류 151.1억 원 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이 논문은 기존에 2018년 정부부문(KREI)에서 실시한 영향평가방법 및 결과의 차이점을 비교 검토하고 해석시 유의사항 및 정책적 함의를 제안하고 있다. This study measured the economic impact (from 2012 through the end of 2017) of the KOR-USA FTA (Free Trade Agreement) on the Korean citrus industry according to importing orange from the USA after the implementation of the KOR-USA FTA. Citrus fruits were divided into field citrus grown in open fields, house citrus grown in green houses, and late-maturing citrus (including winter season citrus) based on the cultivation methods and the varieties of citrus. We specified the structural and dynamic recursive demand-supply equilibrium models of three citrus fruits to analyze policy simulations. The results showed that for field citrus, due to the impact of some amounts of TRQ, the annual average of the real gross revenue dropped by 2.39 billion KRW between 2012 and 2017. As for house citrus, due to the impact of oranges and cherries, the annual average of the real gross revenue declined by 3.01 billion KRW between 2012 and 2017, and for late-maturing citrus (including winter season citrus), the annual average of the real gross revenue fell by 15.11 billion KRW between 2012 and 2017. This paper also suggests several policy implications.

An Ex-post Impact Assessment of the KOR-USA Free Trade Agreement on the Korean Citrus Industry

Bae-Sung Kim(김배성),Man-Keun Kim(김만근) 한국산학기술학회 2020 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.21 No.4

한미 FTA 체결 이후 미국산 오렌지의 지속적인 수입증가에 따른 국내 감귤산업 파급영향에 대한 관심이 높다. 이 연구는 한미 FTA 발효 이후 2012-2017년 동안의 감귤산업의 변화를 계측하고, 한미 FTA 도입이 감귤산업에 미치는 사후 영향을 평가하였다. 이 연구는 분석을 위해 감귤류를 노지감귤, 하우스감귤, 만감류 부문으로 구분하고, 각 부문별 수급균형모형을 구축하여 시뮬레이션 분석에 이용하였다. 각 부문내 주요 방정식들은 응용계량경제학 방법을 이용하여 추정하고, 각 부문별 수급구조모형은 동태축차적 시뮬레이션모형으로 구축하여 2012-2017년 동안에 대해 연차별로 정책 시뮬레이션이 가능하도록 하였다. 각 모형은 작물연도를 기준으로 구축되었고, 해당 시기에 수입되는 오렌지, 체리등에 수입산 대체가능 작물에 대한 효과를 고려할 수 있도록 설계되었다. 시뮬레이션 분석에 앞서 각 부문별 모형에 대한 예측력을 RMSPE, MAPE, Theil의 불균등계수 등을 기준으로 검토하였다. MAPE 기준으로 노지감귤, 하우스감귤, 만감류의 재배면적 1-7%, 생산량 5-9%, 소비량 5-10%, 경락가격 5-10% 내외의 오차율을 보여, 각 부문별 모형의 주요변수에 대한 추정치들의 예측력이 전반적으로 양호한 수준으로 나타났다. 예측력 검토결과를 바탕으로 시뮬레이션 분석을 실시한 결과, 한미 FTA 발효 이후 2012-2017년 연평균 조수입(실질)이 노지감귤 23.9억 원, 하우스감귤 30.1억원, 만감류 151.1억 원 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 이 논문은 기존에 2018년 정부부문(KREI)에서 실시한 영향평가 방법 및 결과의 차이점을 비교 검토하고 해석시 유의사항 및 정책적 함의를 제안하고 있다. This study measured the economic impact (from 2012 through the end of 2017) of the KOR-USA FTA (Free Trade Agreement) on the Korean citrus industry according to importing orange from the USA after the implementation of the KOR-USA FTA. Citrus fruits were divided into field citrus grown in open fields, house citrus grown in green houses, and late-maturing citrus (including winter season citrus) based on the cultivation methods and the varieties of citrus. We specified the structural and dynamic recursive demand-supply equilibrium models of three citrus fruits to analyze policy simulations. The results showed that for field citrus, due to the impact of some amounts of TRQ, the annual average of the real gross revenue dropped by 2.39 billion KRW between 2012 and 2017. As for house citrus, due to the impact of oranges and cherries, the annual average of the real gross revenue declined by 3.01 billion KRW between 2012 and 2017, and for late-maturing citrus (including winter season citrus), the annual average of the real gross revenue fell by 15.11 billion KRW between 2012 and 2017. This paper also suggests several policy implications.

Case Analysis and Future Directions for High-Quality Smart Citrus Farming in Jeju Island

Jin-Hyuck Jeong,Ka Young Lee,Samsuzzaman,ALI MOHAMMOD,Sun-Ok Chung,Soon Jung Hong 사단법인 한국정밀농업학회 2023 정밀농업과학기술지 Vol.5 No.2

High-quality citrus farming is essential for increasing agricultural production on Jeju Island.Citrus income, which accounts for 56% of the total, has a significant influence on the Jeju economy. However, improving citrus quality has become one of Jeju's most critical agricultural concerns year after year. Although the climate and terrain of Jeju Island are not suitable for agriculture, it has a relatively favorable environment for citrus production. Various smart agriculture initiatives have been introduced to enhance the quality of citrus, but due to cost constraints and a lack of public awareness, they have not been widely adopted. As a result, efforts are still being made to raise public awareness of smart farm technology, develop human resources, and advance the technology. This study provides four key technologies for the production of high-sugar citrus: soil cover cultivation technology, mature tree transplanting and field-based maintenance, non-destructive sugar content monitoring and systematization, and the application of smart farm technology. The major impact of this farming approach is to manage sugar costs and improve fruit color and quality, which is the basis for increasing farmers earnings through the production of high-quality citrus. This article also highlights two leading farmers who are applying these techniques to produce highquality citrus on their fields. The utility of the technology is analyzed, and future development directions for effective citrus farming are identified through case studies. This research proposed a Jeju-type smart farm system that integrates open fields and greenhouses, using innovative technologies and data-based convergence to enhance high-quality citrus cultivation.

CRISPR/Cas9‑mediated editing of CsWRKY22 reduces susceptibility to Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri in Wanjincheng orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck)

Lijuan Wang,Shanchun Chen,Aihong Peng,Zhu Xie,Yongrui He,Xiuping Zou 한국식물생명공학회 2019 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.13 No.5

Key message CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of CsWRKY22 repressed canker development in Wanjincheng orange. Abstract Citrus canker, a destructive disease of citrus, is threatening the citrus industry worldwide. Breeding resistant cultivars is the most economical and effective approach to control citrus canker. Recently, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing was demonstrated to be a powerful tool for the improvement of citrus resistance to the disease. In our previous works, we confirmed that CsWRKY22 is involved in the plant immunity response to citrus canker in Wanjincheng orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck). In this study, we targeted this gene to improve the resistance of Wanjincheng orange against citrus canker by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing. Sanger sequencing confirmed that CsWRKY22 in Wanjincheng orange contains CsWRKY22G and CsWRKY22C alleles, and the ratio of CsWRKY22G to CsWRKY22C is approximately 2:1. Four sgRNAs, which targeted the first exon of CsWRKY22, were selected for testing. In vitro cleavage activity analysis showed that two (W1 and W2) of the four sgRNAs displayed robust cleavage activities using PCR amplicons from the Wanjincheng orange genome as template. Subsequently, two constructs, pCas9/WRKY22sgRNA-W1 and pCas9/WRKY22sgRNA-W2, were used to modify the CsWRKY22. Three mutant plants were identified from seven independent transgenic plants. Based on Sanger sequencing, the W1-1, W2-2, and W2-3 mutant lines displayed 85.7%, 79.2%, and 68.2% mutation rates, respectively. Resistance evaluation indicated that the mutant plants showed decreased susceptibility to citrus canker. These results indicate that CRISPR/Cas9-targeted gene modification is an efficient approach for enhancing disease resistance in citrus.

유자, 탱자 및 귤과피 추출물의 항산화효능과 항균효과

이송희,이무성 한국인체미용예술학회 2017 한국인체미용예술학회지 Vol.18 No.2

This study was a comparative analysis of the antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of Citrus junos, Jeju citrus and extraction of Poncirus trifoliata. The total polyphenols, flavonoids content was the highest in a hot water extraction of Citrus junos while Poncirus trifoliata and Jeju citrus had the highest content of ethanol extracts. The scavenging ability of DPPH radicals and ABTS increased from all extracts depending on concentration. From the result of the antimicrobial experiment, Poncirus trifoliata extracts only have antibacterial effect in S.. aureus. S. epidermidis was observed only in the maximum concentration of the extraction of Jeju citrus. The extracts of Jeju citrus peels have the high antibacterial effect from hot water extraction and ethanol extracts. Based on the results of this experiment, we can know that all the extracts of Citrus junos, Jeju citrus and Poncirus trifoliata can be used as natural antioxidants. Poncirus trifoliata in particular has a remarkable antibacterial effect. Therefore, it is judged that it is possible to use it as a base material for beauty products and cosmetic materials by utilizing these effects.