Cancer screening rate in people with diabetes in the Korean population : results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2009

Kumban Walter Chuck,Minji Hwang,Kui Son Choi,Mina Suh,Jae Kwan Jun,Boyoung Park 한국역학회 2017 Epidemiology and Health Vol.39 No.-

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the screening rates for gastric, breast, and cervical cancer in people with diabetes compared with people without diabetes. METHODS: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2009) were used. Cancer-free men who were 40 years old and over and cancer-free women who were 30 years old and over were included. The lifetime screening rate and regular screening rate were compared in people with and without diabetes. RESULTS: Fewer people with diabetes than people without diabetes had ever received cancer screening (53.5 vs. 59.5%, p〈0.001 for gastric cancer; 60.5 vs. 71.5%, p〈0.001 for breast cancer; and 49.1 vs. 59.6%, p〈0.001 for cervical cancer). Fewer people with diabetes than people without diabetes received the recommended screenings for gastric cancer (38.9 vs. 42.9%, p〈0.001), breast cancer (38.8 vs. 44.6%, p〈0.001), and cervical cancer (35.1 vs. 51.2%, p〈0.001). In subgroup analyses according to socioeconomic factors, the lifetime and recommended screening rates were lower in the diabetic population in most socioeconomic subgroups. In the multivariate analysis adjusted for socioeconomic factors, people with diabetes showed lower lifetime screening rates for gastric and cervical cancer (odds ratio [OR], 0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7 to 0.9 and OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6 to 0.9), and lower regular screening rates for breast and cervical cancer (OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6 to 0.9 and OR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.5 to 0.9). CONCLUSIONS: The cancer screening rate in people with diabetes was lower than in people without diabetes. Considering the higher cancer risk in people with diabetes, efforts to increase the screening rate in this high-risk population should be implemented.

한국 보훈대상자의 암발생률

박운제 ( Un Je Park ),박소희 ( So Hee Park ) 한국보건정보통계학회(구 한국보건통계학회) 2018 보건정보통계학회지 Vol.43 No.2

목적: 한국의 초고령화 사회로의 진입이 가속화됨에 따라 고령자가 많은 국가 보훈대상자의 진료 및 치료를 담당하는 보훈병원 내의 암 환자 수가 더욱 증가할 것으로 예상되어 우리나라 보훈대상자의 암 발생률을 파악하고자 한다. 방법: 전국 5개의 보훈병원에서 2013년 1월 1일부터 2016년 6월 30일까지의 자료를 바탕으로 2013년도 초진 암발생 환자의 의무기록 자료를 조사하였다. 보훈대상자 암환자의 인구사회학적 특성, 임상적 특성을 규명하고 조발생률 및 연령표준화 발생률을 구하였다. 결과: 2013년 우리나라 보훈대상자 672,532명 중에서 초진 암환자는 2,070명으로 전체 보훈대상자 중 0.3%를 차지하였으며, 보훈대상자 유형별로는 베트남참전유공자가 가장 많았다. 호발 암 원발 부위별로는 전립샘암이 가장 많았고, 다음은 위암, 폐암, 대장·직장암, 간암 순으로 발생하였다. 보훈대상자의 암 발생률에서 조발생률은 307.8명이었으며, 전립샘암이 59.2명으로 가장 많았고, 위암 51.0명, 폐암 50.6명, 대장·직장암 48.2명, 간암이 22.9명으로 뒤를 이었으며, 연령표준화 발생률은 인구 10만 명당 51.1명, 위암 8.9명, 전립샘암 8.8명이었다. 결론: 2013년 보훈대상자 초진 암환자는 2,070명으로 그 중 60세 이상이 97.9%로서 우리나라 일반국민 암환자 60세 이상의 52.8%보다 암 발생률이 약 1.8배 높았다. 이와 같이 우리나라 전체 국민보다 고령 인구의 비율이 훨씬 높은 보훈대상자들의 특성을 고려했을 때 보훈대상자들의 향후 암 발생률이 지속적으로 증가할 것으로 예상한다. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand the rate of cancer incidence in veterans hospitals, which is in charge of care and treatment of Korean veterans, as Korea is accelerating its entry into the aging society. Methods: Cancer incidence data from January 1st 2013 to June 30th 2016 were obtained from Veterans hospitals in 5 different regions, nationwide. The incidence was defined by the number of cancer patients diagnosed in 2013. We investigated the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of subjects. CR rates and ASR were calculated. Results: In 2013, 2,070 Korea veterans out of 672,532 were newly diagnosed with cancer which was 0.3% of the total. Vietnam War veterans showed the highest rate of cancer incidence. Prostate cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer and followed by stomach, lung, colorectal and liver cancer. The total CR for overall cancer incidence of veterans was 307.8 and the CR for prostate cancer was the highest (59.2) followed by stomach (51.0), lung (50.6), colorectal (48.2), and liver (22.9). Furthermore, the total ASR rates were 51.1 followed by lung (8.9), prostate cancer (8.8). Conclusions: In 2013, there were 2,070 veterans who were newly diagnosed cancer and over 97.9% of them were over the age of 60. Compared to IR for overall cancer incidence of the non-veteran Koreans (52.8%), the rate of IR of veterans (97.9%) were 1.8 times higher. Like that, at considering the characteristic of war veterans that elderly population rate is much higher comparing to the whole population in Korea, it is expected that the cancer incidence of war veterans will be continually increased.

Types of Cancers Prevailing in Pakistan and their Management Evaluation

Tariq, Ayesha,Majeed, Imtiaz,Khurshid, Azhar Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.9

Cancer is basically a class of disorder marked by uncontrolled proliferation of cells which have the potential to interfere with different systems of body like digestive, central nervous and circulatory systems by releasing hormones. Tumors that reside only in a specified location and show restricted growth are commonly characterized as benign tumors. When tumor cells grow and effectively spread to other body parts and potentially invade and damage healthy tissues they show various degrees of malignancy. Cancer may be caused by different factors like gene mutations, carcinogens and some medical factors that harm the immune system of the body. Symptoms of cancer are relatively varied and classified according to location, progression pattern and size of tumors as well. Different diagnostic tests are used for evaluation that depends on the type of cancer. Cancer management and chemo protocols also depend on the progression and site where it develops. Cancers like breast, lung, liver, colorectal, prostate, head and neck carcinoma are most commonly diagnosed in Pakistan. This review briefly describes the three most common cancers prevailing in Pakistan and their management evaluation.

Implication and Influence of Multigene Panel Testing with Genetic Counseling in Korean Patients with BRCA1/2 Mutation-Negative Breast Cancer

박지수,신새암,이윤정,이승태,남은지,한정우,이선화,김태일,박형석 대한암학회 2022 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.54 No.4

Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical implication of multigene panel testing of beyond BRCA genes in Korean patients with BRCA1/2 mutation-negative breast cancer. Materials and Methods Between 2016 and 2019, a total of 700 BRCA1/2 mutation-negative breast cancer patients received comprehensive multigene panel testing and genetic counseling. Among them, 347 patients completed a questionnaire about cancer worry, genetic knowledge, and preference for the method of genetic tests during pre- and post-genetic test counseling. The frequency of pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPV) were analyzed. Results At least one PV/LPV of 26 genes was found in 76 out of 700 patients (10.9 %). The rate for PV/LPV was 3.4% for high-risk genes (17 PALB2, 6 TP53, and 1 PTEN). PV/LPVs of clinical actionable genes for breast cancer management, high-risk genes and other moderate-risk genes such as ATM, BARD1, BRIP, CHEK2, NF1, and RAD51D, were observed in 7.4%. Patients who completed the questionnaire showed decreased concerns about the risk of additional cancer development (average score, 4.21 to 3.94; p < 0.001), influence on mood (3.27 to 3.13; p < 0.001), influence on daily functioning (3.03 to 2.94; p=0.006); and increased knowledge about hereditary cancer syndrome (66.9 to 68.8; p=0.025) in post-test genetic counseling. High cancer worry scales (CWSs) were associated with age ≤ 40 years and the identification of PV/LPV. Low CWSs were related to the satisfaction of the counselee. Conclusion Comprehensive multigene panel test with genetic counseling is clinically applicable. It should be based on interpretable genetic information, consideration of potential psychological consequences, and proper preventive strategies. Purpose The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical implication of multigene panel testing of beyond <i>BRCA</i> genes in Korean patients with <i>BRCA1/2</i> mutation-negative breast cancer.Materials and Methods Between 2016 and 2019, a total of 700 <i>BRCA1/2</i> mutation-negative breast cancer patients received comprehensive multigene panel testing and genetic counseling. Among them, 347 patients completed a questionnaire about cancer worry, genetic knowledge, and preference for the method of genetic tests during pre- and post-genetic test counseling. The frequency of pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants (PV/LPV) were analyzed.Results At least one PV/LPV of 26 genes was found in 76 out of 700 patients (10.9 %). The rate for PV/LPV was 3.4% for high-risk genes (17 <i>PALB2</i>, 6 <i>TP53</i>, and 1 <i>PTEN</i>). PV/LPVs of clinical actionable genes for breast cancer management, high-risk genes and other moderate-risk genes such as <i>ATM, BARD1, BRIP, CHEK2, NF1</i>, and <i>RAD51D</i>, were observed in 7.4%. Patients who completed the questionnaire showed decreased concerns about the risk of additional cancer development (average score, 4.21 to 3.94; p < 0.001), influence on mood (3.27 to 3.13; p < 0.001), influence on daily functioning (3.03 to 2.94; p=0.006); and increased knowledge about hereditary cancer syndrome (66.9 to 68.8; p=0.025) in post-test genetic counseling. High cancer worry scales (CWSs) were associated with age ≤ 40 years and the identification of PV/LPV. Low CWSs were related to the satisfaction of the counselee.Conclusion Comprehensive multigene panel test with genetic counseling is clinically applicable. It should be based on interpretable genetic information, consideration of potential psychological consequences, and proper preventive strategies.

폐암의 조기 암검진 여부에 미치는 요인: 폐암 검진 사업대상자를 중심으로

김석환 한국학교·지역보건교육학회 2019 한국학교지역보건교육학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the current status of cancer screening among subjects in the lung cancer screening cycle and to analyze the factors affecting the cancer screening of subjects in the lung cancer screening cycle. Methods: This study used the 'National Health and Nutrition Survey 7th Year (2017)' surveyed nationwide as the main data. The subjects are lung cancer screening projects, the dependent variable is early cancer screening, the independent variables are gender, age, marital status, household income level, education level, national health insurance type, private health insurance, The number of chronic diseases, general health examination, smoking status, drinking status, moderate intensity physical activity, stress perception rate, and weight control efforts were determined. Results: The results of this study showed that factors affecting early cancer screening of lung cancer screening subjects were gender, age, marital status, education level, national health insurance, smoking status, drinking status, moderate physical activity, and weight. Irrespective of the control effort, it was found that the private medical insurance, the number of chronic diseases, the medical examination, and the stress perception rate were affected. Conclusion: If the lung cancer screening subjects recognize the importance of early cancer screening themselves and create a social environment to increase their participation rate, lung cancer screening patients and their families will help them to live a healthy life.

An Analysis of the Relationship between Public Cancer Screenings and Media Coverage of Cancer in South Korea 2009-2017

안서현,이건호 한국보건사회연구원 2022 保健社會硏究 Vol.42 No.1

With the increasing necessity of cancer screenings, this research intended to confirm the importance of online media’s role in promoting public cancer screenings in South Korea where cancer screenings are conducted as a part of an organized, population-based program. Agenda-setting theory, which is significant in investigating the relationship between media and the public as well as in monitoring fluctuation of media coverage and people’s health behavior, was used in order to analyze (a) the trends of public cancer screenings (the number of cancer screenings) and cancer coverage (the amount of cancer coverage), and (b) the relationship between media coverage and cancer screenings. Significant correlations were found both in general cancer issues and with the five main types of cancer issues: gastric, colorectal, liver, breast and cervical cancers. Furthermore, there was a notable difference according to the examinees’ economic status; the correlations for the upper 50% of the examinees were stronger than for the lower 50%. The difference in the public’s decisions regarding health behavior based on media indicates the importance of strategies tailored to individual economic conditions.

Beyond Limitations: Practical Strategies for Improving Cancer Care in Nigeria

Eguzo, Kelechi,Camazine, Brian Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.5

Background: The burden due to cancers is an emerging public health concern especially in resource-limited countries like Nigeria. The WHO estimates that cancer kills more people than tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and malaria combined. As people in Nigeria and other developing countries are beginning to survive infectious diseases, there is an observed epidemiologic transition to chronic diseases, such as cancers. In 2008, 75 out of 1,000 Nigerians died of cancer. Despite the rising incidence and public health importance, Nigeria lacks an organized and comprehensive strategy to deal with cancers. Materials and Methods: This article reviewed 30 peer-reviewed manuscripts on cancer care in four countries. It highlights the limitations to cancer care in Nigeria; due to lack of awareness, low health literacy, absence of organized screening programs, inadequate manpower (in terms of quality and quantity) as well as limited treatment options. Results: This review led to the formulation of a proposal for Nigerian National Cancer Policy, mainly drawn from effective strategies used in Canada, Brazil and Kenya. This is a vertical cancer program that is patient-centered with an emphasis on tobacco control and cancer disease screening (similar to Canada and Brazil). Additionally, it emphasizes primary cancer prevention (similar to Kenya). Its horizontal integration with other disease programs like HIV/AIDS will improve affordability in a poor resourced country like Nigeria. Capacity building for health professionals, hub-and-spoke implementation of screening services, as well as investment in effective treatment options and increased research in cancer care are essential. International 'twinning collaborations' between institutions in richer countries and Nigeria will enhance effective knowledge translation and improve the quality of patient care. Conclusions: A national cancer policy must be developed and implemented in Nigeria in order to overcome the present limitations which help contribute to the observed increases in cancer morbidity and mortality rates. Cancer control is feasible in Nigeria if the nation was to consider and employ some of the cost-effective strategies proposed here.

Invited Review : Cancer Metabolism: Strategic Diversion from Targeting Cancer Drivers to Targeting Cancer Suppliers

( Soo Youl Kim ) 한국응용약물학회 2015 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.23 No.2

Drug development groups are close to discovering another pot of gold-a therapeutic target-similar to the success of imatinib (Gleevec) in the field of cancer biology. Modern molecular biology has improved cancer therapy through the identification of more pharmaceutically viable targets, and yet major problems and risks associated with late-phase cancer therapy remain. Presently, a growing number of reports have initiated a discussion about the benefits of metabolic regulation in cancers. The Warburg effect, a great discovery approximately 70 years ago, addresses the “universality” of cancer characteristics. For instance, most cancer cells prefer aerobic glycolysis instead of mitochondrial respiration. Recently, cancer metabolism has been explained not only by metabolites but also through modern molecular and chemical biological techniques. Scientists are seeking context-dependent universality among cancer types according to metabolic and enzymatic pathway signatures. This review presents current cancer metabolism studies and discusses future directions in cancer therapy targeting bio-energetics, bio-anabolism, and autophagy, emphasizing the important contribution of cancer metabolism in cancer therapy.

Trends in Cancer Screening Rates among Korean Men and Women: Results of the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, 2004-2013

서민아,최귀선,박보영,이윤영,전재관,이덕형,김열 대한암학회 2016 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.48 No.1

Purpose The Korean National Cancer Screening Survey (KNCSS), a nationwide cross-sectional survey, has been conducted annually since 2004. The current study was conducted to report on the trends in screening rates among Korean men and women, and to evaluate policies regarding cancer screening programs implemented to reduce the burden of cancer. Materials and Methods The current study used KNCSS data. The eligible study population included men aged 40-74 years and women aged 30-74 years with no cancer history. The lifetime screening rate, screening rate with recommendation, and changes in annual rates were calculated for five major cancers (i.e., stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervix uteri). Results The screening rates with recommendation increased by 4.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7% to 4.8%) annually for stomach cancer, 1.2% (95% CI, 0.1% to 2.4%) for liver cancer, 3.0% (95% CI, 1.8% to 4.1%) for colorectal cancer, 3.7% (95% CI, 2.7% to 4.8%) for breast cancer, and 1.3% (95% CI, 0.8% to 1.8%) for cervical cancer. In 2013, the screening rates with recommendation for stomach, liver, colorectal, breast, and cervical cancers were 73.6%, 33.6%, 55.6%, 59.7%, and 67.0%, respectively. Conclusion Both the lifetime screening rates and screening rates with recommendation for the five above-mentioned cancers increased annually from 2004 to 2013.

Patterns of Cancer in Kurdistan - Results of Eight Years Cancer Registration in Sulaymaniyah Province-Kurdistan-Iraq

Khoshnaw, Najmaddin,Mohammed, Hazha A,Abdullah, Dana A Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.18

Background: Cancer has become a major health problem associated with high mortality worldwide, especially in developing countries. The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence rates of different types of cancer in Sulaymaniyah from January-2006 to January-2014. The data were compared with those reported for other middle east countries. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study depended on data collected from Hiwa hospital cancer registry unit, death records and histopathology reports in all Sulaymaniyah teaching hospitals, using international classification of diseases. Results: A total of 8,031 cases were registered during the eight year period, the annual incidence rate in all age groups rose from 38 to 61.7 cases/100,000 population/year, with averages over 50 in males and 50.7 in females. The male to female ratio in all age groups were 0.98, while in the pediatric age group it was 1.33. The hematological malignancies in all age groups accounted for 20% but in the pediatric group around half of all cancer cases. Pediatric cancers were occluding 7% of total cancers with rates of 10.3 in boys and 8.7 in girls. The commonest malignancies by primary site were leukemia, lymphoma, brain, kidney and bone. In males in all age groups they were lung, leukaemia, lymphoma, colorectal, prostate, bladder, brain, stomach, carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) and skin, while in females they were breast, leukaemia, lymphoma, colorectal, ovary, lung, brain, CUP, and stomach. Most cancers were increased with increasing age except breast cancer where decrease was noted in older ages. High mortality rates were found with leukemia, lung, lymphoma, colorectal, breast and stomach cancers. Conclusions: We here found an increase in annual cancer incidence rates across the period of study, because of increase of cancer with age and higher rates of hematological malignancies. Our study is valuable for Kurdistan and Iraq because it provides more accurate data about the exact patterns of cancer and mortality in our region.