초등체육에서 기초 운동기능의 중요성과 과제

김만의(Kim, Man-Eui) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2020 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.20 No.24

본 연구는 운동 발달단계에서 기초 운동기능의 중요성을 고찰하고, 이를 체육교육의 ‘기초학력’으로 의미를 부여하고자 하였다. 나아가 기초 운동기능이 교육과정에 어떻게 반영되었는가를 분석하였다. 이를 토대로 기초 운동기능의 체계적인 지도를 위한 개선방안을 모색하였다. 분석 결과에 따른 제안은 첫째, 체육교과의 제1 목표를 운동능력 발달로 제시함으로써 체육교육의 정체성을 명확하게 할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 기초 운동기능을 체육교과 내용의 기본이며, 동시에 지속성을 가능하게 하는 ‘기초학력’으로 바라보는 인식의 전환이 필요하다. 셋째, 체육교육의 연계성을 고려하여 1-2학년에서 체육교과가 부활되어야 한다. 넷째, 기초 운동기능 교육 프로그램의 개발과 보급이 필요하다. 다섯째, 운동기능의 발달에 대한 기초지식과 수행 및 지도 능력을 함양할 수 있는 현직교사 연수를 강화해야 한다. 마지막으로, 모든 교육의 시작은 가정이므로 가정의 체육문화 형성을 위한 지도가 필요하다. This study examined the importance of fundamental motor skills in the stage of motor development, and attempted to give them meaning as the basic academic ability of physical education. Furthermore, it critically analyzed how basic motor skills were reflected in the curriculum. Based on this, an improvement plan was sought for systematic guidance of fundamental motor skills in physical education. Suggestions based on the analysis results are as follows: First, it is necessary to clarify the first goal of the physical education subject. In other words, it is necessary to clearly present the development of motor ability as the most important goal of physical education. Second, it is necessary to change the perception of fundamental motor skills as basic academic ability. Fundamental motor skills are the basics of the contents of physical education curriculum, and at the same time, it can be said that it is the basic academic ability to continue physical activity. Third, the physical education subject for the first and second graders must be revived. It should be made as an independent subject in consideration of the connection of education, preventing the break in the basic academic ability(fundamental motor skills) that must be acquired in the physical education subject. Fourth, it is necessary to develop and disseminate programs for instruction of basic motor skills. Fifth, it is necessary to improve the quality of teachers for guiding motor development. In particular, in-service training that can cultivate basic knowledge, performance ability and instructional ability about the development of motor skills should be strengthened. Lastly, guidance is needed to form a home sports culture. The starting point of any education is home. It can be said that physical education also begins on a home basis.

기본운동능력 중심 신체활동이 유아의 기초체력 및 자기효능감에 미치는 영향

전난희,김언경 한국교원대학교 유아교육연구소 2022 한국유아교육연구 Vol.24 No.3

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of physical activities centered on basic motor skill on young children’s basic physical strength and self-efficacy, and to propose an effective method of operating physical activity that can be used in the field of early childhood education. The subjects of this study were 28 4-year-old children enrolled in a public kindergarten in Gangwon-do. The basic physical strength and self-efficacy were measured and compared before and after physical activity centered on basic motor skill for the experimental group, and before and after free play centered outside play for the control group. The results of this study are summarized as follows. Firstly, the children in the experimental group who participated basic motor skill-centered physical activities showed statistically significant improvement in basic physical strength factors such as flexibility, endurance, balance, and agility compared to the children in the control group. Secondly, the children in the experimental group who participated basic motor skill-centered physical activity showed statistically significant improvement in cognitive and physical self-efficacy, which are sub-factors of self-efficacy, compared to the children in the control group. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that physical activity centered on basic motor skill has a positive effect on children's basic physical strength and self-efficacy, implying that it is one of the meaningful teaching methods in the educational field. 본 연구는 기본운동능력 중심의 신체활동이 유아의 기초체력과 자기효능감에 미치는 영향을 알아보고, 유아교육현장에서 활용 가능한 효과적인 신체활동 운영 방안을 제안하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 강원도 소재의 공립 유치원에 재원 중인 4세 유아 28명이다. 실험집단은 기본운동능력 중심 신체활동 전후에, 통제집단은 자유놀이 중심 바깥놀이 전후에 기초체력과 자기효능감을 측정하여 비교하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 첫째, 기본운동능력 중심 신체활동을 실시한 실험집단의 유아들이 통제집단의 유아들에 비해 기초체력 요소인 유연성, 지구력, 평형성, 민첩성에서 통계적으로 유의미한 향상을 보였다. 둘째, 기본운동능력 중심 신체활동을 실시한 실험집단의 유아들이 통제집단의 유아들에 비해 자기효능감의 하위요소인 인지적 자기효능감과 신체적 자기효능감에서 통계적으로 유의미한 향상을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 통해 기본운동능력 중심의 신체활동이 유아의 기초체력과 자기효능감에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 교육 현장에서 의미 있는 교수 방법의 하나로활용해 볼 가치가 있음을 시사한다.

특수체육활동(EWHAPA)이 학령기 발달장애아동의 기본운동기술과 스포츠 기능습득에 미치는 영향

홍양자,이은경 이화여자대학교 동작과학연구소 2007 이화체육논집 Vol.10 No.-

본 연구는 특수체육활동이 학령기 발달장애아동의 기본운동기술과 스포츠 기능습득에 영향을 주는지 파악하고 효과적인 특수체육활동을 제공해 주는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 서울지역 소재의 일반초등학교에 재학중인 발달장애아동(10-14세)으로 이화여자대학에서 시행 중인 프로그램에 참여하고 있는 아동 14명 중 최종실험에 참여 한 9명의 아동(남9명, 여:2명)이다. 전문가를 통해 검증 받은 특수체육활동을 매주 1회씩 12주간 90분 동안 실시하였다. 연구도구는 TGMD II와 이화여자대학 특수체육연구회에서 8년 동안 사용하고 전문가를 통해 검증받은 검사지를 수정 보완한 운동기능검사지를 사용하였다. Spss 12.0을 이용하여 비모수통계 Wilcoxon test와 비모수 상관분석 Spearman Correlation을 하였다. 이 연구를 통해 얻은 결과는 특수체육활동은 학령기 발달장애아동의 기본운동기술을 향상시키는데 긍정적인 효과가 있었지만 스포츠 기능습득을 향상 시키는 데는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 또한 특수체육활동은 기본운동기술 중 이동운동기술과 스포츠 기능습득 간에 그리고 물체조작 기술과 스포츠 기능습득 간에 상관관계가 있었다. The purpose of this study was comprehend and investigate the effects of adapted physical activity program on basic motor skill and sports skill of school-aged children with developmental disorder. The subjects were 9 children(M-7; F:2, age:10-14) who participated in this study to the end of 14 children. Basic motor skill was tested by TGMD II and sports skill was tested by probated sports skill test paper. The collected data were analyzed by wilcoxon test and spearman correlation using Spss 12.0. The results were as follows; 1. The adapted physical activity program showed higher scores than pre-test one in basic motor skill and sports skill, however, it showed without significant level. 2. The adapted physical activity program was showed correlation between the locomotor skill of basic motor skill and the sports skill except running. 3. The adapted physical activity program was appeared correlation between the object control skill of basic motor skill and the sports skill.

Effect of Perceptual Exercise Program on Basic Motor Skills in a Child with Intellectual Disability: Single Subject Research Design

송상협 대한운동학회 2020 아시아 운동학 학술지 Vol.22 No.1

[OBJECTIVES] The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of perceptual exercise program on basic motor skills in a child with intellectual disability. [METHODS] One child with intellectual disability was participated in this study. Perceptual exercise program was performed 60 minutes per session, twice a week for 32 weeks. To evaluate the basic motor skills of the subject pre and post the exercise, subject was measured in six areas of operational skills including throwing, catching, kicking, hitting, bouncing, and rolling; two areas of movement skills including balance beam, walking backward; and two areas of stabilization skills including standing with one leg and escaping. [RESULTS] The subject who participated in this study gained 60% throwing, 60% catching, 80% kicking, 60% hitting, 80% bouncing, and 60% rolling was increased respectively in the operational skills and 80% balance beam, 100% walking backward in the movement skills, and 80% standing with one leg, 100% escaping in the stabilization skills. [CONCLUSIONS] Those results show that perceptual exercise program was positive influence on operational skills, movement skills and stabilization skills in a child with intellectual disability.

태권도 수련 활동이 발달장애유아의 신체적 자기 효능감과 기본운동능력에 미치는 영향

최승식 ( Choi Seung-sick ),김현정 ( Kim Hyun-jeong ) 국기원 2016 국기원태권도연구 Vol.7 No.4

본 연구는 태권도 수련 활동이 발달장애유아의 신체적 자기효능감과 기본운동능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 J시에 위치한 Y유치원의 특수반에 재원중인 유아로 발달장애가 있는 남아 총 3명으로 선정하였다. 선행연구에서 사용한 태권도 수련 활동으로 매회기 50분씩 총 15회기를 실시하였다. 태권도 수련 활동 효과 측정 도구에서 신체적 자기효능감검사 도구는 Ryckman(1982)이 연구한 것을 홍선옥(1996)이 우리나라 실정에 맞게 수정·보완한 도구를 사용하였고, 기본운동능력 검사도구는 KISE 발달척도(국립특수교육원, 2001)에서 소근육운동기능 발달, 대근육운동기능 발달이었다. 자료분석은 발달장애유아 3명의 신체적 자기효능감과 기본운동능력 검사를 실시하였으며, 하위 요인별로 사전·사후 검사 점수화하여 그 차이를 비교하였다. 자료분석 결과 발달장애유아 3명의 신체적 자기효능감과 기본운동능력 향상에 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 결론적으로 발달장애유아에게 태권도 수련 활동과 같은 조직적이고 체계적인 신체활동을 전개함으로써 신체적 자기효능감과 기본운동능력인 소·대근육운동기능 발달에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다는 시사점이 있다. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of Taekwondo training activity on the physical self-efficacy and basic motor skills of children with developmental disability. The subjects of this study were three male children with developmental disability who attended a special class in Y kindergarten located in J city. This study conducted a total of 14 sessions for 50 minutes per session, focusing on Taekwondo training activity used in the previous studies. This study used (a) the tool developed by Ryckman (1982) and adapted by Hong Seon-ok (1996) for the Korean context to measure the effects of Taekwondo training activity and physical self-efficacy and (b) the test tool for basic motor skills using the KISE development scale (Korea National Institute for Special Education, 2001). For the data analysis, this study conducted a test of physical self-efficacy and basic motor skills of three children with developmental disability and compared the differences in the pre-and post-tests scores in sub-factors. From the results of the data analysis, there was a significant difference in the improvement of physical self-efficacy and basic motor skills of the three children with developmental disability. In conclusion, this study suggests that the performance of organizational and systemic physical activities, such as Taekwondo training, for children with developmental disability should have positive effects on their physical self-efficacy and the development of basic motor skills, namely, fine and gross motor skills.

신체활동 프로그램이 비만유아의 체성분과 기본운동능력에 미치는 영향

김원준(Kim, Won-Jun),나승희(Na, Seung-Hee) 한국산학기술학회 2010 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.11 No.11

본 연구는 신체활동 프로그램이 비만 유아의 체성분의 변화와 기본운동능력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 유아 비만 판정에 쓰이는 카우프지수(Kaup Index)가 20이상인 유아 비만 16명을 실험집단과 통제 집단으로 나누어 주 3회식 12주간 신체활동 프로그램을 실시하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 신체활동프로 그램이 비만유아들의 체성분의 하위변인 체중, 체지방량, 체지방률, 제지방량, 체수분량 등이 통제집단에 비해 실험집 단이 향상되었으며, 두 집단간에 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 둘째, 신체활동 프로그램이 비만유아들의 기 본운동능력 중 이동운동과 조작운동 등이 통제집단에 비해 실험집단이 향상되었으며, 두 집단간에 통계적으로 유의 미한 차이를 나타냈다. 이러한 결과들을 통해 신체활동 프로그램이 비만유아들의 체성분의 변화와 기본운동능력에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to find the effects of physical activity program on obese young children's body composition and basic motor skills. The physical activity program was conducted with 16 participants whose Kaup Index were higher than 20 were divided into 2 groups(experimental group and control group) for 12 weeks three times a week. Results of the study are as following. First, the physical activity program was found to improve sub-factors of body composition(weight, body fat mass, % body fat, lean body mass and total body water) in the experimental group compared to the control group. There was statistically significant difference between two groups. Second, the physical activity program was found to improve locomotor and manipulation skills of basic motor skills in the experimental group compared to the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between two groups. Based on these results, the physical activity program have positive effects on the changes in obese young children's body composition and basic motor skills.

중증 지적장애 아동의 소근육 발달과 기초조형 활동을 위한 발달적 미술치료 사례연구

김순희,임지향 사)한국아동발달지원연구소 2022 임상미술심리연구 Vol.12 No.3

This study is a case study to investigate the effects of developmental art therapy on the development of small muscles and basic formative activities of children with severe intellectual disabilities. Art therapy was conducted 3 times a week for 50 minutes, a total of 48 sessions. The research tools were the Korean version of visual-motor integration test (VMI-6) and the basic formative activity measurement tool. The total score was compared with baseline pre-test results and analyzed by conducting post-testing, using basic formative activity measurement tools, and qualitative analysis was performed on both a by-session and by-stage basis. The results of the study are as follows. First, developmental art therapy is positive for the development of fine motor skill in children with severe intellectual disabilities Second, it was found that developmental art therapy had a positive effect on the basic formative activities of children with severe intellectual disabilities. Third, developmental art therapy was found to have a positive effect on the fine motor development and basic formative activities of children with severe intellectual disabilities. As a result of examining the effects of each session and step by step, positive changes were found. Taken together, developmental art therapy has a positive effect on the fine motor development and basic formative activities of children with severe intellectual disabilities, and it was found that it could serve as an effective program for the development of fine motor skills and basic formative activities of children with disabilities.

기초운동기술 프로그램 참여가 유아의 자기효능감과 사회적 능력에 미치는 효과

전선혜(Jun, Sun-Hye),백효현(Baeck, Hyo-Hyun) 한국체육과학회 2015 한국체육과학회지 Vol.24 No.5

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of participation in basic motor skill programs on children’s self-efficacy and social competence. Jun’s physical education program for children was conducted in 46 children in experimental group, and a childhood education institute’s own program was conducted in 48 children in control group. Also, to compare scores of self-efficacy and social competence of each group before and after the programs, the independent sample t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed, and the following results were obtained. First, the basic motor skill program for children had effects on self-efficacy and its sub-domains including physical, cognitive, social and emotional domains. Second, the basic motor skill program for children showed effectiveness in improving children’s social competence and its sub-factors including social activity, stability, cooperativeness, autonomy, adaptability, and leadership. The children in experimental group, particularly, generally exhibited higher degree of improvement in self-efficacy and social competence than those in control group. Hence, it was found that the basic motor skill program could facilitate children’s self-efficacy and social competence more effectively than the child education institute’s own physical education program did. These results implied that it is necessary to improve conditions of education for dissemination of systemic children’s physical activity programs and invigoration and change the way of dealing with these programs.

규칙적인 신체활동이 유아의 기본운동능력과 일상적 스트레스에 미치는 영향

박주성(Park, Joo-Sung),김원준(Kim, Won-Jun) 한국산학기술학회 2010 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.11 No.11

본 연구는 규칙적인 신체활동 프로그램이 유아의 기본운동과 일상적인 스트레스에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 를 알아보기 위하여 유아 40명을 대상으로 실험집단과 통제집단으로 나누어 주2회 10주간 실외 신체활동 프로그램 을 실시하였다. 그 결과 신체활동 프로그램이 유아의 기본운동능력에서 통제집단에 비해 실험집단이 향상되었다. 또 한 유아의 일상적 스트레스에 있어서도 통제집단에 비해 실험집단이 스트레스 감소에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 이 러한 결과들을 통해 신체활동 프로그램이 유아들의 기본운동능력 발달과 일상적인 생활에서 오는 스트레스를 감소시 키는데 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of regular physical activity program on young children's basic motor skills and daily stress. The outdoor physical activity program was conducted with 40 participants who were divided into two groups(experimental group and control group) for 10 weeks twice a week. Results of the study were as following. The outdoor physical activity program improved young children's basic motor skills in the experiment group compared to the control group. Also it had positive effects on the reduction of daily stress in the experimental group compared to the control group. This result suggests that the physical activity program have positive effects on the development of young children's basic motor skills and the reduction of daily stress.

그림책의 미적요소를 활용한 협동미술활동이 장애유아의 기초조형활동 및 소근육운동에 미치는 영향

김현정(Kim Hyun Jeong) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2017 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구는 그림책의 미적요소를 활용한 협동미술이 장애유아의 기초조형활동 및 소근육운동을 향상시키는지를 알아보는데 연구의 목적을 두었다. 연구대상은 J시에 위치한 B유치원에 재원중인 3명의 유아로 발달장애 남자 1명, 여자 2명이었다. 실험기간은 2016년 4월부터 12월까지 회기 50분씩 총 14회기로 구성하였다. 그림책의 미적요소를 활용한 협동미술활동 측정도구는 기초조형활동과 소근육운동 척도를 사용하였으며, 수집된 자료는 요인별로 사전검사와 사후검사 점수화하여 차이를 비교하였다 연구 분석 결과 첫째, 장애유아 3명의 기초조형활동을 증진시키는데 유의미한 효과가 있었다. 둘째, 장애유아 3명의 소근육운동 향상시키는데 유의미한 효과가 있었다. 본 연구의 의의, 제한점, 후속연구 문제 등이 논의되었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether cooperative art using the aesthetic elements of picture books improves the basic formative activity and fine motor skills of children with disabilities. The subjects of this study were three children including a male and two females who were attending B kindergarten located in J city, and the experimental period consisted of 14 sessions with 50 minutes per session between April to December 2016. The tools used to measure the cooperative art activity using the aesthetic elements of picture books were basic formative activity and fine motor skills scales, and as for the collected data, this study analyzed the effect of the experimental treatment through the corresponding sample t-test by scoring the pre-test and post-test results for each factor. From the results of the analysis, first, there was a significant effect in promoting the basic formative activity of three children with disabilities. Second, there was a significant effect on improving fine motor skills in three children with disabilities. The significance, limitations, and subsequent research issues of this study were discussed.