러시아-우크라이나 전쟁 이후 에너지 정책 변화에 관한 고찰 - EU와 독일의 정책을 중심으로 -

최아랑,홍란주 한국무역경영학회 2023 한국무역경영연구 Vol.- No.29

The EU, which was usually heavily dependent on Russian energy, suffering with an unexpected energy crisis after Russia's invasion of Ukraine. To cope with the sudden energy crisis and winter energy shortages, EU countries are currently making their best efforts in many ways to secure energy and to expand renewable energy. This paper examines the EU's energy policy for nuclear power phase-out and greenhouse gas reduction in the past, and how the EU's energy policy has changed to develop renewable energy to get out of Russia after Russia's invasion of Ukraine. In particular, this study focuses on changes in Germany's energy policy, which was called an environmentally advanced country, and examines why Germany, the leader of nuclear power phase-out, had no choice but to restart nuclear power plants. Furthermore, the main purpose is to look at what goals Germany has set for energy independence in the wake of this crisis. Like the EU, South Korea, which is highly dependent on energy imports, is more vulnerable to the energy crisis because it imports large amounts of energy from certain countries. So, let's look at how the EU responds to the energy crisis from South Korea's perspective, figure out what the limitations of alternative energy are in case of an energy crisis in the future, and consider what direction South Korea's energy policy should take.

대체에너지

권효식 ( Hyo Shik Kwon ),김두영 ( Doo Young Kim ) 충북대학교 과학교육연구소 2007 과학교육연구논총 Vol.23 No.1

The continuous increase of the world population is escalating the requirements for energy and materials. Increasing science industrial and technological development have additional needs energy and raw materials. The fossil energy and nuclear energy research and development has been declining since the late 1980s, for the higher energy price, pollution and the shortage of energy resources. The world needs clean, abundant, and cheap sources of energy to sustain itself. So we need the energy research and development for the economical renewable and alternative energy. In this paper, we review the present energy resources(conventional energy) and the energy futures(renewable and alternative energy).

에너지 정책의 문제와 기독교윤리 : 후쿠시마 원전사고를 중심으로

고재길 한국기독교사회윤리학회 2014 기독교사회윤리 Vol.30 No.-

The Fukushima nuclear explosion served as a catalyst in the reevaluation ofnuclear energy worldwide. After the explosion, governments in European countriessuch as Germany, Switzerland, and Italy announced their decision to stop orreduce their use of nuclear energy. Grounds for these changes in energy policieswere found in environmental friendliness, economical advantages, and safety issuesfor countries with nuclear energy that did not receive high scores. TheGerman government announced that by 2022, they will shut down all workingnuclear plants, replacing them with alternative environmentally friendly energysources. The Protestant Church in Germany spoke of the importance of denuclearizationin both communal and personal level. Furthermore, the churches inGermany emphasized the need for alternative energy sources through churchevents and public hearings. Unfortunately, in contrast to these changes in internationalpolicies, no changes could be found in South Korea. In the perspectiveof Christian ethics, nuclear energy is related to three important theologicalthemes: Preservation of Creation, Technical Utopia, and Christian Ethics &Responsibility for the Next Generation. Looking from such perspective, nuclearenergy holds a number of problems. Christian Ethics acknowledges that nuclearenergy is practical. However, such advantages cannot serve as an excuse for theproblems derived from nuclear energy. The government energy policy must bothreduce its use of nuclear energy and at the same time focus on the developmentof alternative energy sources. The churches in South Korea must serve a positiverole in this process of creating a social common good. 후쿠시마의 원전사고는 핵에너지를 근본적으로 다시 검토하는 계기가 되었다. 그 사고 이후에 특별히 유럽에서는 핵에너지의 사용을 줄이거나 중단하는 국가들이 나타났다. 독일, 스위스, 이탈리아 등이 그 나라들이다. 이러한 에너지 정책의변화의 이유는 환경친화성, 경제적 효용성, 안정성의 관점에서 볼 때 핵에너지는높은 점수를 받기 어렵다는 데서 찾을 수 있다. 독일정부는 후쿠시마 원전사고를계기로 2022년까지 독일의 모든 원전의 가동을 중단하고 환경친화적인 대안에너지를 사용하기로 결정하였다. 독일 개신교협의회는 개인적인 차원에서 또는 공동체적인 차원에서 탈원전정책의 중요성에 대해 말하였다. 그리고 독일교회는에너지문제에 대한 공청회와 교회행사를 통하여 대안에너지의 필요성을 강조하였다. 안타깝게도 이러한 국제적인 변화의 흐름과는 다르게 한국에서는 큰 변화가 발견되지 않는다. 기독교윤리의 관점에서 볼 때 핵에너지 문제는 3가지의 중요한 신학적 주제와 관련된다. 창조질서의 보전, 기술 유토피아, 미래세대를 위한책임윤리의 관점에서 볼 때, 핵에너지는 많은 문제를 가지고 있다. 기독교적 책임윤리는 핵에너지의 사용을 현실적인 관점에서 인정한다. 그러나 이는 핵에너지가 파생하는 여러 문제에 대해 면죄부를 주는 것은 아니다. 국가의 에너지 정책은 핵에너지의 사용을 줄여나가면서 동시에 대안에너지를 개발하는 방향으로 나아가야 한다. 사회적 공동선을 이루는 이 과정에서 한국교회는 선한 역할을 감당해야 할 것이다.

초등 예비교사의 대체에너지에 대한 이해도와 대안개념 분석

윤회정 ( Yoon Heojeong ),나지연 ( Na Jiyeon ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2021 초등과학교육 Vol.40 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigate pre-service elementary school teachers’ understanding about alternative energy and to identify their alternative conceptions. The two-tier instrument had been developed by Cheong et al. (2015) were used for this study. Twelve items from the instrument consisted of four categories: ‘source of alternative energy’, ‘greenhouse gas emission’, ‘cost in electricity and construction’ and ‘advantages and disadvantages’. One hundred and fifteen pre-service elementary school teachers were participated in online survey during the semester. The results analyzed using SPSS 26.0. were as follows: First, the correct response rate varied depending on the content of item. Items related to characteristics and advantages & disadvantages of alternative energy showed high percentage of correct answers. Whereas, items regarding the principles of alternative energy showed relatively low percentage of correct answers. Second, there are some items showing statistically meaningful differences according to students’ high school track. Nevertheless, there are no significant differences in overall. Third, we identified twelve alternative conceptions about alternative energy from students’ answer distribution. Educational implications were discussed based on the results.

폭발,연소 에너지의 개발 방향에 관한 연구

신창용 ( Chang Yong Shin ),안명석 ( Myung Seog Ahn ),조명찬 ( Myung Chan Jo ) 대한화약발파공학회 2009 화약발파 Vol.27 No.2

물리학적 측면에서 에너지의 개념은 일하는 능력으로 정의된다. 기존의 석탄·석유등 화석연료를 대체하기 위해 1980년 이후부터 천연가스·원자력 등의 사용이 증가하였으나 환경오염문제로 태양열·풍력·조력·지열 등 대체에너지로의 전환을 촉진하고 있다. 그러나 에너지 이용효율 측면에서는 원자력 에너지와 화약·가스 등 화학에너지와는 비교가 되지 않는다. 본 논문에서는 환경(대체)에너지의 한계점을 뛰어 넘을 수 있는 방안을 연구하기 위하여 그린에너지의 현황을 조사하였으며, 고효율 에너지원에 대한 청정화와 응용 및 개발방향에 대해 검토, 연구 하였다. In view of physics, energy is defined as the ability to work. The use of natural gas and nuclear power have been increased since 1980s to replace fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum. Recently, solar energy, wind power, tidal power, and geotherrnal energy have been considered as promising alternative energy sources to overcome environmental pollution. However, their energy efficiencies are much lower than those of chemical energies such as nuclear power, explosive, and petroleum gas. In this study, the present situation of the green energy was reviewed to seek out the way to overcome the limit of the environmental (alternative) energy. Also, purification, application and development trend of the highly efficient alternative energy sources were investigated.

A Device for Converting Kinetic Energy of Press Into Electric Power as a Means of Energy Saving

Shchasiana Arhun,Andrii Hnatov,Oleksandr Dziubenko,Svitlana Ponikarovska Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2019 한국정밀공학회지 Vol.36 No.1

The analysis of existing alternative power source equipment that convert other types of energy into electric power was carried out. This study proposed a technical solution for the design of the power generating tile or step, which converts the kinetic energy of press into electric power and accumulates it. The operating principle of the power-generating tile is described as an alternative, decentralized source of electrical energy. The experimental research of the developed device was conducted and the method of conversion of kinetic energy into electric power improved. A correlation method that allows conducting analysis and calculation by quantitative indicators of the generated electricity from press was presented. The proposed device can be used as an alternative source of electricity in places with great foot traffic. The device has small overall dimensions and can easily be set up in various types of aisles, stairs, and integrated into the network of LED lighting.

태양광발전시스템이 적용된 R&D Center 계획

김용순,안재룡,이정수,송종호 대한건축학회지회연합회 2007 대한건축학회지회연합회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2007 No.1

According to exhaustion of energy, we need to know about alternative energy development. That growing perception is helping to strengthen, Photovoltaic system has been widely used for method of the most typical alternative energy till now. The alternative energy development has began with the purpose of decreasing consumption of energy. In application of this practical system based on Photovoltaic system, it only stick to use as construction materials by simple and lack of variety ways. For this reason, various building's consumption of energy has been produced. This research is recognized from the problem. And based on the research about "A Design on the R&D Center with the use of building integrated photovoltaic system". And finally, application to design R&D Center, we suggest effective application case of alternative energy.

AERODYNAMIC EFFECTIVITY ON THE MOVING OF HELICAL WINDMILL AS A SOURCE OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY

Hertanto,Jenifer Taniya Maria 국제과학영재학회 2015 APEC Youth Scientist Journal Vol.7 No.2

The need of electrical energy is still depend on the fossil energy. Based on the data, Indonesian fossil energy reserves are decreasing, example oil reserves are merely enough for the next 23 years. While gas reserves are assumed will last until 50 years into the future and then coal for the next 80 years. If Indonesia only depends on fossil energy sources for the next 23-80 years, Indonesia will face a lack of energy supply. Therefore to overcome the case above, there is should be an effort to produce a renewable energy.. In this research, we took the initiative to take advantage of the wind gusts from the passing motor vehicles using helical windmill to overcome the unstable wind speed as an alternative source for lighting on roads, especially highways. The purpose of this study is to improve the effectivity of aerodynamic to the moving helical windmill as a source of an alternative energy.And the advantage of this blade is it can rotate continuously because it can recieve the wind from all direction and although the wind energy is very small the blade can still rotate. This study begins with designing a helical windmill, then a generator which is able to convert wind power into electricity. The generator designed consists of eight coils (1000 windings per coil), a saving current using 6 volt of battery, 1 ampere of transformer and the maximum rotation obtained is 12 volts. From this research, it can be concluded that the rotation speed of 367 rpm will produce 6.1 volts voltage, rotation speed of 406 rpm will produce 6.8 volts voltage, and rotation speed of 451 will be obtained 7.3 volts voltage.

미래에너지의 사회적 수용성에 대한 행동경제학적 접근: 프레임 효과에 대한 네트워크분석 사례

장한수(Hansoo CHANG),조성경(SeongKyung Cho),홍정석(Jung-Suk Hong) 한국기술혁신학회 2020 한국기술혁신학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2020 No.11

수소와 핵융합은 미래에너지로써 과학기술의 가치를 갖고 있다. 본 논문은 미래에너지로써 수소, 핵융합에 대한 언론의 보도 내용을 분석하여 특정 기술에 대한 프레임이 형성되는 과정을 파악하고자 한다. 행동경제학은 본 논문에서 미래에너지에 대한 프레임이 형성되어 시민에게 기술 선택 시에 영향을 미치게 된다는 주제를 뒷받침하는 이론틀이므로 선행연구를 검토한다. 실증분석을 위해서 네트웍 분석을 수행한다. 네트웍 분석은 수소, 핵융합과 관련된 방송과 신문기사를 수집하여 네트웍을 구성한다. 구성된 네트웍의 특성과 주제어간 관계와 형성된 클러스터 등을 살펴본다. 네트웍을 분석한 결과 수소는 에너지기술이지만 사회적 가치를 상대적을 더 내포하고 있다. 반면 핵융합은 과학기술로써 가치를 더 많이 가지며 아직은 명백한 이미지가 형성되었다고 보기는 어려웠다. 이러한 언론 보도로부터 형성된 이미지는 두 에너지기술에 대한 반응을 달리 가져오므로 이에 대한 고려를 바탕으로 일반 시민에게 접근해야 할 것으로 판단된다. Hydrogen and nuclear fusion have the value of science and technology as alternative future energy. This paper tries to analyze the media coverage of hydrogen and nuclear fusion as future energy to grasp the process of frame formation for specific technology. Behavioral economics is a theoretical framework that supports the subject that a frame for future energy is formed in this paper and affects citizens in choosing technology, so prior research is reviewed. Network analysis is performed for empirical analysis. Network analysis collects broadcasting and newspaper articles related to hydrogen and nuclear fusion to form a network. Let"s look at the characteristics of the configured network and the relationships between the topics and the clusters formed. According to network analysis, hydrogen is an energy technology, but it implies more social values. Nuclear fusion, on the other hand, has more value as a technology and has yet to be seen as a clear image. The images formed from these media reports bring different reactions to the two energy technologies, so it is judged that the public should approach them based on their consideration.

Rate-Energy Region of Joint Information and Energy Transfer in a Two-User MIMO Interference Channel

Taewoo Leem,Daeyoung Park IEEE 2015 IEEE COMMUNICATIONS LETTERS Vol.19 No.10

<P>This letter considers joint information and energy transfer in a two-user MIMO interference channel in which one receiver decodes information and the other harvests energy. We prove the energy beamforming is optimal for the energy transmitter irrespective of the operating SNR. We maximize the weighted sum of rate and energy to characterize the region of rate-energy pairs that are achievable using Gaussian signaling. We propose a numerical algorithm based on the alternating optimization technique because the maximization problem is a non-convex problem. The proposed algorithm converges to a KKT point of the maximization problem. Numerical results show that the rate-energy region of the algorithm is larger than those of the existing suboptimal algorithms. In addition, the algorithm harvests 60% more energy in the high-information transfer region than the suboptimal algorithms.</P>