Low dose of coated zinc oxide is as effective as pharmacological zinc oxide in promoting growth performance, reducing fecal scores, and improving nutrient digestibility and intestinal morphology in weaned pigs

Lei, Xin Jian,Kim, In Ho Elsevier 2018 Animal feed science and technology Vol.245 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of coated zinc oxide on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal scores, minerals concentrations in serum, fecal zinc, intestinal morphology, and selected microbial population in weaned pigs. A total of 192 crossbred [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] weaned pigs (7.42 ± 0.97 kg) were randomly assigned into one of the following dietary treatments: (1) negative control (NC): basal diet; (2) positive control (PC): NC + 2500 mg/kg conventional zinc oxide; (3) CZO300: NC + 300 mg/kg coated zinc oxide; (4) CZO500: NC + 500 mg/kg coated zinc oxide; (5) CZO1000: NC + 1000 mg/kg coated zinc oxide; (6) CZO2000: NC + 2000 mg/kg coated zinc oxide. Each treatment had 8 replicate pens, with 4 pigs per pen. Pigs fed PC, CZO500, CZO1000, and CZO2000 diets had higher (<I>P</I> < 0.01) average daily gain (ADG) than those fed NC diet during days 0–21. During days 0–42, supplementation of coated zinc oxide at levels of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg increased ADG compared with NC treatment (<I>P</I> < 0.05). Pigs fed PC, CZO300, CZO500, CZO1000, and CZO2000 diets had lower (<I>P</I> < 0.01) fecal scores compared with those fed NC diet during weeks 1, 2, and 3, but no significant difference was observed among coated zinc oxide-supplemented diets. Pigs fed the PC, CZO1000, or CZO2000 diet had greater (<I>P</I> < 0.05) coefficient of total tract apparent digestibility of dry matter than pigs fed NC diet. Compared with pigs fed NC diets, pigs fed the PC diet or coated zinc oxide-supplemented diets had increased (<I>P</I> < 0.01) serum and fecal zinc concentrations. Duodenal villus height and ratio of villus height to crypt depth of pigs fed PC, CZO1000, and CZO2000 diets were higher (<I>P</I> < 0.05) than those of pigs fed NC diet, whereas no significant differences were observed between pigs fed the PC, CZO1000, and CZO2000 diets. In conclusion, supplementing low doses (500–1000 mg/kg) of coated zinc oxide were as effective in stimulating growth, alleviating post-weaning diarrhea, and improving small intestinal morphology and nutrient digestibility as when a pharmacological level of zinc oxide (2500 mg/kg) was included. Additionally, low doses of coated zinc oxide reduced the amount of zinc excreted into the feces compared with 2500 mg/kg conventional zinc oxide.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We evaluated the effects of coated zinc oxide and conventional zinc oxide in weaned pigs. </LI> <LI> 500–1000 mg/kg coated zinc oxide stimulated growth as effective as 2500 mg/kg conventional zinc oxide in weaned pigs. </LI> <LI> 500–1000 mg/kg coated zinc oxide alleviated post-weaning diarrhea as effective as 2500 mg/kg conventional zinc oxide. </LI> <LI> Feeding coated zinc oxide excreted less zinc into the feces compared with 2500 mg/kg conventional zinc oxide. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effect of surface pre-oxidation on laser assisted joining of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and zinc-coated steel

Jung, Dae-Jun,Cheon, Jason,Na, Suck-Joo Elsevier 2016 Materials & Design Vol.99 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Surface oxidation pre-treatment of zinc-coated steel was performed to verify its effect on enhancing the joint strength in the laser assisted joining of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and zinc-coated steel. Tensile shear tests indicated that the joint strength between pre-oxidized zinc-coated steel and ABS was considerably enhanced in comparison with that of untreated joint. The zinc oxide layer was generated in the zinc layer by pre-treatment on zinc-coated steel and the thickness of the zinc oxide layer is proportional to the joint strength of joining as long as the strength of zinc oxide layer is higher than that of the jointed layer. When the thicker zinc oxide layer on the zinc-coated steel is reacted with carbon on the ABS, it increases the potential for chemical bonding between the zinc oxide and carbon (ZnOC). Using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, the strongly jointed areas were evaluated at atomic or molecular levels to investigate the physical and chemical bonding between the reacted carbon layer and zinc oxide layer.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Effect of pre-oxidation on the laser joining of EGI and ABS was examined. </LI> <LI> Joint strength between pre-oxidized EGI and ABS was considerably enhanced. </LI> <LI> ZnO was one potential contributor to the chemical bonding between the ABS and the Zn layer. </LI> <LI> The thickness of ZnO layer is proportional to the joint strength of LAMP joining. </LI> <LI> Specimen by 400°C oxidation process had a thicker zinc oxide layer and higher joint strength. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

수열 합성법에 의한 Zinc Oxide의 제조 및 Tartrazine 분해 특성

나석은 ( Seok Eun Na ),정상구 ( Sang Gu Jeong ),정갑섭 ( Ga Seop Jeong ),김시영 ( Si Young Kim ),주창식 ( Chang Sik Ju ) 한국화학공학회 2011 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.49 No.6

암모니아수와 zinc acetate로부터 액상 수열합성법에 의한 ZnO의 제조에 있어 반응온도, 반응물의 농도와 혼합방법, 용액의 pH 등 반응조건에 따른 ZnO 입자의 형상과 입자분포 등 제조특성을 고찰하고, UV 조사하에 tartrazine의 광분해를 측정하여 합성된 ZnO의 광촉매로서의 성능을 확인하였다. 반응용액의 pH가 높을수록 ZnO 입자의 평균 크기는 증가하였고, zinc acetate의 농도가 증가할수록 그리고 반응온도가 증가할수록 입자의 크기는 감소하였다. 반응용액의 혼합시 암모니아수 주입 후에 zinc acetate를 첨가하였을 경우 더 작은 입자를 얻을 수 있었다. 최소 크기의 ZnO 입자의 생성을 위한 최적 조건은 용액의 pH 11.2, zinc acetate의 농도 0.6 M, 반응온도 90℃ 였으며, 입자 평균크기는 3.133 μm이었다. 합성온도 80 ℃, zinc acetate 농도 1.0M 및 반응용액의 pH 11.2의 조건에서 합성된 ZnO에 의한 tartrazine의 광촉매 분해는 분해시간 60분에서 약 97%의 분해율을 보였다. The effects of reaction temperature, reactant concentration, pH of solution and mixing order of reactants on the particle shape and size distribution of zinc oxide were investigated in the preparation of zinc oxide from ammonium hydroxide and zinc acetate by the method of aqueous hydrothermal precipitation method, and the photocatalytic ability of zinc oxide synthesized was measured from the degradation of tartrazine under UV irradiation. The average particle size was increased with pH of solution but decreased with zinc acetate concentration and reaction temperature. The optimum condition for the synthesis of minimum sized zinc oxide was pH 11.2, concentration of zinc acetate 0.6 M and reaction temperature 90 ℃, and its average particle size was 3.133 μm. 97% of tartrazine was degraded by zinc oxide in sixty minutes.

Fabrication and characterization of zinc oxide nanoparticle coated magnetic iron oxide: Effect of S-layers adsorption on surface of oxide

Neda Habibi,Bahareh Karimi 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.5

Mixed zinc oxide nanoparticle coated magnetic iron oxide has been prepared by a sol–gel and coprecipitation routes. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation of ferric and ferrous ions with ammonia, and then zinc oxide was coated onto the surface of magnetic iron oxide by hydrolysis of zinc precursors. As a result, zinc oxide coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with an average size of 68 nm were obtained. The crystalline bacterial cell surface layer)S-layer (used in this study was isolated from Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 12046. The S-layer was adsorbed onto the surface of zinc oxide nanoparticle coated magnetic iron oxide. The nanoparticles were analyzed by X-ray powder diffractometry (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to characterize the structural and the chemical features of the nanocomposites. The infrared spectra indicate that the S-layer-nanoparticle interaction occurs. This novel nanoparticle showed admirable potential in adsorption of S-layers on the surface of oxides for drug delivery.

Zinc Oxide와 갈륨이 도핑 된 Zinc Oxide를 이용하여 Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering 방법에 의해 상온에서 제작된 박막 트랜지스터의 특성 평가

전훈하,노경석,김도현,최원봉,전민현,Jeon, Hoon-Ha,Verma, Ved Prakash,Noh, Kyoung-Seok,Kim, Do-Hyun,Choi, Won-Bong,Jeon, Min-Hyon 한국진공학회 2007 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.16 No.5

본 논문에서는 zinc oxide (ZnO)와 gallium이 도핑 된 zinc oxide (GZO)를 이용하여 radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering 방법에 의해 상온에서 제작된 bottom-gate 박막 트랜지스터의 특성을 평가하고 분석하였다. 게이트 절연층 물질로서 새로운 물질을 사용하지 않고 열적 성장된 $SiO_2$를 사용하여 게이트 누설 전류를 수 pA 수준까지 줄일 수 있었다. ZnO와 GZO 박막의 표면 제곱평균제곱근은 각각 1.07 nm, 1.65 nm로 측정되었다. 그리고 ZnO 박막은 80% 이상, GZO 박막은 75% 이상의 투과도를 가지고 있었고, 박막의 두께에 따라 투과도가 달라졌다. 또한 두 시료 모두 (002) 방위로 잘 정렬된 wurtzite 구조를 가지고 있었다. 제작된 ZnO 박막 트랜지스터는 2.5 V의 문턱 전압, $0.027\;cm^2/(V{\cdot}s)$의 전계효과 이동도, 104의 on/off ratio, 1.7 V/decade의 gate voltage swing 값들을 가지고 있었고, enhancement 모드 특성을 가지고 있었다. 반면에 GZO 박막 트랜지스터의 경우에는 -3.4 V의 문턱 전압, $0.023\;cm^2/(V{\cdot}s)$의 전계효과 이동도, $2{\times}10^4$의 on/off ratio, 3.3 V/decade의 gate voltage swing 값들을 가지고 있었고, depletion 모드 특성을 가지고 있었다. 우리는 기존의 ZnO와 1wt%의 Ga이 도핑된 ZnO를 이용하여 두 가지 모드의 트랜지스터 특성을 보이는 박막 트랜지스터를 성공적으로 제작하고 분석하였다. In this paper we present a bottom-gate type of zinc oxide (ZnO) and Gallium (Ga) doped zinc oxide (GZO) based thin film transistors (TFTs) through applying a radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method at room temperature. The gate leakage current can be reduced up to several ph by applying $SiO_2$ thermally grown instead of using new gate oxide materials. The root mean square (RMS) values of the ZnO and GZO film surface were measured as 1.07 nm and 1.65 nm, respectively. Also, the transmittances of the ZnO and GZO film were more than 80% and 75%, respectively, and they were changed as their film thickness. The ZnO and GZO film had a wurtzite structure that was arranged well as a (002) orientation. The ZnO TFT had a threshold voltage of 2.5 V, a field effect mobility of $0.027\;cm^2/(V{\cdot}s)$, a on/off ratio of $10^4$, a gate voltage swing of 17 V/decade and it operated in a enhancement mode. In case of the GZO TFT, it operated in a depletion mode with a threshold voltage of -3.4 V, a field effect mobility of $0.023\;cm^2/(V{\cdot}s)$, a on/off ratio of $2{\times}10^4$ and a gate voltage swing of 3.3 V/decade. We successfully demonstrated that the TFTs with the enhancement and depletion mode type can be fabricated by using pure ZnO and 1wt% Ga-doped ZnO.

Investigation into the antibacterial activity of monodisperse BSA-conjugated zinc oxide nanoparticles

Dudu Wu,Zhi Chen,Kangrong Cai,Dongling Zhuo,Jiaxi Chen,Bin Jiang 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.11

The antibacterial behavior of bovine serum albumin conjugated zinc oxide nanoparticles against Escherichia coli was investigated. The zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using bovine serum albumin as the structure directing agent. And the morphology and crystal phase of the zinc oxide nanoparticles were determined by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractograms and Fourier transform infrared spectrograph techniques. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles showed high antibacterial activity when compared with plain zinc oxide. And the antibacterial activity was assessed by measuring the growth inhibition and testing the zone of inhibition. Furthermore, the plausible mechanism of antibacterial behavior was attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen species by zinc oxide nanoparticles.

산화 아연에서의 질소 용해도에 대한 알루미늄의 효과 : 밀도 범함수 이론

김대희,이가원,김영철,Kim, Dae-Hee,Lee, Ga-Won,Kim, Yeong-Cheol 한국재료학회 2011 한국재료학회지 Vol.21 No.12

Zinc oxide as an optoelectronic device material was studied to utilize its wide band gap of 3.37 eV and high exciton biding energy of 60 meV. Using anti-site nitrogen to generate p-type zinc oxide has shown a deep acceptor level and low solubility. To increase the nitrogen solubility in zinc oxide, group 13 elements (aluminum, gallium, and indium) was co-added to nitrogen. The effect of aluminum on nitrogen solubility in a $3{\times}3{\times}2$ zinc oxide super cell containing 72 atoms was investigated using density functional theory with hybrid functionals of Heyd, Scuseria, and Ernzerhof (HSE). Aluminum and nitrogen were substituted for zinc and oxygen sites in the super cell, respectively. The band gap of the undoped super cell was calculated to be 3.36 eV from the density of states, and was in good agreement with the experimentally obtained value. Formation energies of a nitrogen molecule and nitric oxide in the zinc oxide super cell in zinc-rich conditions were lower than those in oxygen-rich conditions. When the number of nitrogen molecules near the aluminum increased from one to four in the super cell, their formation energies decreased to approach the valence band maximum to some degree. However, the acceptor level of nitrogen in zinc oxide with the co-incorporation of aluminum was still deep.

Non-nano 막대형 산화아연의 특성 및 자외선 차단용 화장품에의 응용

정겨운 ( Kyo Un Chong ),현송화 ( Song Hua Xuan ),윤여민 ( Yeo Min Yoon ),김상욱 ( Sang-uk Kim ),최부건 ( Bou Kun Choi ),이성호 ( Sung Ho Lee ),박수남 ( Soo Nam Park ),이종성 ( Jong Sung Lee ) 대한화장품학회 2021 대한화장품학회지 Vol.47 No.1

전 세계적으로 자외선 차단제의 유효성 및 안전성에 대한 관심이 증가함에 따라 새로운 무기 자외선 차단제 개발에 대한 연구도 활기를 띄고 있다. 본 연구에서는 최근에 이슈화된 나노물질규제에 대응 가능한 나노 사이즈가 아닌 non-nano 막대형 산화아연을 합성하였고, 이를 세틸알코올로 표면처리한 막대형 산화아연분체를 개발하여 물리적 특성을 조사하였으며 자외선 차단제로서의 응용가능성을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, non-nano인 막대형 산화아연 분체를 적용한 선크림의 자외선 차단 효능과 백탁 정도는 40 nm 크기의 산화아연과 비슷한 결과를 나타냈으며, 막대형 산화아연 분산액을 사용한 선크림은 자외선 차단효능이 현저히 증가함을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 개발된 막대형 산화아연 분체는 non-nano (200 nm)임에도 불구하고 투명성(백탁 개선), 자외선 차단 효능 그리고 사용감 측면에서 우수한 자외선 차단제로서 응용 가능성이 있음을 시사하였다. With increasing interest in the effectiveness and safety of sunscreen worldwide, research on the development of new inorganic sunscreen is also gaining momentum. In the present study, non-nano sized needle type zinc oxide, which can meet the regulation of nano-material as a recent problem, has been synthesized and surface-modified with cetyl alcohol to obtain needle type zinc oxide powder. Here, we also investigated their physical properties and evaluated their potential application as sunscreens. As a result of the experiment, the sunscreen with needle type zinc oxide powder, which was non-nano, showed similar UV-protection properties and transparency compare to that of 40nm size zinc oxide. It was further confirmed that the UV blocking effect was significantly increased when the needle type zinc oxide dispersion was applied to the sunscreen. Therefore, although the needle type zinc oxide is non-nano (200 nm) material, it has the potential to be applied to the product as an excellent transparency (improvement of whiteness), UV protection efficacy and smooth texture.

Antibacterial properties of composite resins incorporating silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus

Shahin Kasraei,Lida Sami,Sareh Hendi,Mohammad-Yousef AliKhani,Loghman Rezaei-Soufi,Zahra Khamverdi 대한치과보존학회 2014 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.39 No.2

Objectives: Recurrent caries was partly ascribed to lack of antibacterial properties in composite resin. Silver and zinc nanoparticles are considered to be broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of composite resins containing 1% silver and zinc-oxide nanoparticles on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. Materials and Methods: Ninety discoid tablets containing 0%, 1% nano-silver and 1% nano zinc-oxide particles were prepared from flowable composite resin (n = 30). The antibacterial properties of composite resin discs were evaluated by direct contact test. Diluted solutions of Streptococcus mutans (PTCC 1683) and Lactobacillus (PTCC 1643) were prepared. 0.01 mL of each bacterial species was separately placed on the discs. The discs were transferred to liquid culture media and were incubated at 37℃ for 8 hr. 0.01 mL of each solution was cultured on blood agar and the colonies were counted. Data was analyzed with Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Composites containing nano zinc- oxide particles or silver nanoparticles exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The effect of zinc-oxide on Streptococcus mutans was significantly higher than that of silver (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus between composites containing silver nanoparticles and those containing zinc-oxide nanoparticles. Conclusions: Composite resins containing silver or zinc- oxide nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus.

Antibacterial properties of composite resins incorporating silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus

Kasraei, Shahin,Sami, Lida,Hendi, Sareh,AliKhani, Mohammad-Yousef,Rezaei-Soufi, Loghman,Khamverdi, Zahra The Korean Academy of Conservative Dentistry 2014 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.39 No.2

Objectives: Recurrent caries was partly ascribed to lack of antibacterial properties in composite resin. Silver and zinc nanoparticles are considered to be broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of composite resins containing 1% silver and zinc-oxide nanoparticles on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus. Materials and Methods: Ninety discoid tablets containing 0%, 1% nano-silver and 1% nano zinc-oxide particles were prepared from flowable composite resin (n = 30). The antibacterial properties of composite resin discs were evaluated by direct contact test. Diluted solutions of Streptococcus mutans (PTCC 1683) and Lactobacillus (PTCC 1643) were prepared. 0.01 mL of each bacterial species was separately placed on the discs. The discs were transferred to liquid culture media and were incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ for 8 hr. 0.01 mL of each solution was cultured on blood agar and the colonies were counted. Data was analyzed with Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Composites containing nano zinc-oxide particles or silver nanoparticles exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The effect of zinc-oxide on Streptococcus mutans was significantly higher than that of silver (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the antibacterial activity against Lactobacillus between composites containing silver nanoparticles and those containing zinc-oxide nanoparticles. Conclusions: Composite resins containing silver or zinc-oxide nanoparticles exhibited antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus.