초음파조사가 폐식용유의 에스테르교환반응에 미치는 영향

곽종원,김태한 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2014 농업생명과학연구 Vol.48 No.2

The transesterification reaction of waste cooking oil through ultrasonic energy irradiation in the biodiesel production process was investigated. There are two different benefits of ultrasonic energy irradiation. It replaces the role of catalysts and enables cavitation. By testing the parameters of molar ratio, reaction temperature, catalyst volume, the experiment investigated the optimal process conditions. It showed that the optimum molar ratio was 1:7, the temperature 55℃ and catalyst volume 1 wt%. Another experiment studied the ultrasonic energy irradiation time and the intensity of the ultrasonic energy as variables to test the effects of these variables on the biodiesel performance. It yielded that the ultrasonic energy irradiation time was 30 minutes and the intensity 500 W. Furthermore, to explore the catalytic potential of ultrasonic energy alternative, the study compared two instances: one in which the waste cooking oil was irradiated by ultrasonic energy in the absence of catalysts and one that was not irradiated by ultrasonic energy but utilized of catalysts. The results showed that the biodiesel yield was 2.4%, fatty acid methyl ester(FAME) increased by 1.3% and proved that the ultrasonic energy irradiation is an effective replacement for catalysts. 폐식용유를 원료로 한 바이오 디젤의 제조 과정에 초음파 에너지를 조사하여 폐식용유의 전이에스테르화반응 특성을 조사하였다. 초음파 조사는 두 가지 효과가 있는데 촉매의 대체역할과 공동현상이다. 실험의 매개 변수는 메탄올의 몰비, 반응온도, 촉매량이며 이를 변수로 최적공정조건을 구명한 결과 최적의 공정조건은 몰비가 1:7, 온도가 55 ℃, 촉매량은 1 wt%로 나타났다. 또한 초음파 에너지를 조사하는 실험의 매개변수는 초음파에너지 조사시간과 초음파에너지의 세기로서 이를 변수로 하여 초음파에너지조사가 바이오디젤 성능에 미치는 영향을 비교 하였다. 그 결과 최적의 초음파에너지 조사시간은 30분, 초음파에너지의 세기는 500 W로 나타났다. 또한 초음파에너지의 촉매 대체 가능성을 알아보기 위해 최적공정조건에서 촉매를 넣지 않고 초음파에너지를 30분간 조사하였을 때는 초음파에너지를 조사하지 않은 일반공정보다 바이오디젤의 성능은 BD(BioDiesel)수율이 2.4 %, FAME (Fatty Acid Methyl Ester)함량이 1.3 % 증가한 것으로 나타나, 초음파에너지가 촉매를 대체 할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

초음파 에너지 조사 시간과 분사지연에 따른 BD20의 디젤기관 연소특성에 관한 실험 연구

임석연(Seokyeon Im),조성철(Sungchul Jung),정영철(Youngchul Jung),박성영(Sungyoung Park),최두석(Dooseuk Choi),류정인(Jeongin Ryu) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

An object of this study is to understand the correlation between the characteristics of an engine performance and combustion, applying BD20 fuel reformed by ultrasonic energy irradiation to diesel engines. Before conducting the main experiment, an experiment was performed to determine the optimum injection timimg of the fuel used in applying the ultrasonic energy irradiation to BD20. To control the duration of the ultrasonic energy irradiation, the capacity of an ultrasonic energy fuel supply system was tested with 550㏄ and 1100㏄ chambers. As the result of the analysis of the regular BD20 and BD20 to which ultrasonic energy irradiation was applied, the BSFC and the Power of the irradiated BD20 was improved 3% and 6%, respectively compared to those of non-irradiated BD20. When the fuel injection timing was delayed by 5°, the engine power was improved by 3%, and the BSFC was improved by 2%. The maximum combustion pressure of irradiated BD20 was improved by a maximum of 6% in comparison to that of regular BD20, and demonstrated a synergistic effect of 3% by delaying the injection timing 5°.

초음파에너지가 물-경유 에멀젼유를 사용하는 기관에 미치는 영향

권기린(K. R. Kwon),고경남(K. N. Ko) 한국동력기계공학회 2005 한국동력기계공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In order to clarify characteristics of emulsified fuel with water which is added ultrasonic energy, an experimental study was carried out. The experimental results were compared with those of light oil and light oil added ultrasonic energy. The experimental setup consisted of high speed diesel engine with 4 cylinder, dynamometer, ultrasonic fuel feeding system and exhaust gas analyser. As engine speed was changed, brake specific fuel consumption, engine torque and power, thermal efficiency and exhaust emission were measured in detail. As the results, adding ultrasonic energy to emulsified fuel and light oil led to rise of thermal efficiency of 2% to 6%. By means of adding ultrasonic energy, the concentration of both NOx and particulate matter(PM) from emulsified fuel decreased in comparison with those from light oil without ultrasonic energy, while the concentration of CO increased.

선내 제조된 혼합연료 품질 개선을 위한 초음파 적용 가능성에 관한 연구

최정식,주해지,한원희 해양환경안전학회 2017 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.23 No.1

이 연구는 초음파 에너지의 공동현상(Cavitation)을 이용하여 선내 제조된 혼합연료유의 문제점을 개선하고 혼합연료유의 안정적인 사용이 가능하도록 하여 선박운용비의 상당부분을 차지하는 연료비를 절감하고자 한다. 실험은 선내 혼합연료유 제조 방식을 모사하여 선박용 연료유 M.G.O(Marine Gas Oil)와 MF-180(Marine Fuel-oil 180)를 각각 부피비 기준으로 0.25:0.75 및 0.75:0.25 비율로 혼합하였으며 초음파 처리장치를 이용하여 혼합연료유에 초음파 에너지를 직접 조사하여 초음파 에너지가 혼합연료유에 미치는 영향에 관해 고찰하였다. 실험결과, 선내 혼합유 제조시 보고되었던 문제점을 확인하였으며, 혼합시료유의 초음파 조사 후 잔류탄소량은 최대 28.4 % 감소하였다. 또한, 잔류탄소량 감소 및 분산 안정성 분석결과를 토대로 초음파 에너지에 의한 캐비티의 붕괴압이 연료입자 미립화에 효과가 있고, 중질연료유가 많이 함유된 혼합연료유의 일시적인 가용성을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. In this study, contributes to improving the state of this problem using cavitation by ultrasonic energy to reduce fuel costs, which take up a considerable part of ship operation costs, by making the use of on-board blended fuel oil more stable. An experiment simulating on-board blending methods was completed. Fuel (M.G.O & MF-180) was mixed at a volume ratio of 0.25:0.75 and, 0.75:0.25, and the effect of ultrasonic energy on blended fuel oil was examined after applying ultrasonic energy to blended fuel oil using an ultrasonic treatment unit. With the results, we confirmed the blending problem reported by vessels and residual carbon was reduced by up to 28.4%. In addition, based on the results for reduction of residual carbon content and dispersion stability, it was confirmed that the collapse pressure of the cavity due to the ultrasonic energy was effective to atomization of fuel particle and the temporary availability of mixed fuel containing a heavy fuel increased.

2유체 노즐에서 초음파 에너지 부가 유체의 미립화 특성에 관한 기초연구

김명규,김태규,김유영 진주산업대학교 2001 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.8

This study investigated the effect of added ultrasonic energy on atomizing liquid in twin-fluid atomizers. For this purpose, variations in ultrasonic energy amount and atomizing air pressure were selected as variables in order to compare liquid flow rates, sauter mean diameters(SMD), and droplet distributions on the conventional spray and a ultrasonic-energy-added spray system. In results, The comparition of liquid flow rates on the conventional and ultrasonic-energy-added systems indicated that the latter system produced higher liquid flow rates that the former, and higher ultrasonic energy led to greater liquid flow rates, The sauter mean diameters were found to be significantly lower in the case of ultrasonic-energy-added spray than in the conventional spray at every level of atomizing air pressure, At every level of atomifing air pressure, the ultrasonic -energy-added spray system produced significantly more uniform droplet distribution than the conventional system.

구리 함유 폐에칭액의 시멘테이션 반응 시 구리 회수에 미치는 초음파 에너지의 영향

김보람,장대환,김대원,채병만,이상우 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2022 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.31 No.4

In this study, effects of ultrasonic energy on the cementation reaction and copper recovery rate were investigated for different types of iron samples, such as plate, chip, and powder, for recovering copper from waste etchant, which contained ~3.5% copper. The cementation reaction using the ultrasonic energy was more effective than the simple stirring reaction, with the former exhibiting a high copper recovery rate than the latter for the same time interval. When cementation was performed for 25 min with ultrasonic treatment, rather than simple stirring, the copper recovery rate of the plate, chip, and powder improved from 7.0% to 12.0%, 14.0% to 46.1%, and 41.9% to 77.2%, respectively. Therefore, the use of ultrasonic energy could detach the copper recovered by the cementation reaction from the surface of the iron samples, thereby increasing the copper recovery rate. Owing to the use of ultrasonic energy, the copper recovery rate increased by 2–6 times, and the recovered copper exhibited a decreased particle size compared to that obtained via simple stirring. 본 연구에서는 약 3.5% 구리 함유 폐에칭액으로부터 구리를 회수하기 위한 철 샘플에 따른 시멘테이션 반응 시 초음파 에너지 인가에의한 반응 속도와 구리 회수율에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 그 결과 단순 교반 공정에 비해 시멘테이션 반응이 효과적으로 일어나 같은시간 대비 높은 구리 회수율을 나타냈다. 단순 교반과 초음파에너지를 가하였을 때를 비교해보면, 25분 반응에 따라 철 샘플 형태가 plate 를 사용하였을 때, 약 9.5%가 56.6%로 향상되었으며, chip은 약 14.0%에서 46.1%, powder는 약 41.9%에서 77.2%로 증가하였다. 이는시멘테이션 반응으로 생성되어 철 표면을 덮고 있던 구리가 탈착되며 연속반응이 유도되었고, 구리 회수율은 약 2배에서 6배까지 증가하였으며, 회수된 구리의 입자 크기 또한 감소하는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다.

超音波 에너지 附加 바이오디젤 混合燃料의 微粒化 特性에 관한 硏究

송용식(Yongseek Song),김용철(Yongcheol Kim),이병오(Byoungoh Lee),임석연(Sukyeon Im),류정인(Jungin Ryu) 한국자동차공학회 2004 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

This experiment was undertaken to investigate the atomization characteristics of the biodiesel blended fuel and ultrasonic energy added biodiesel blended fuel. Test fuels were conventional diesel fuel and biodiesel fuel. We compared to the characteristics of viscosity and surface tension, SMD between biodiesel blended fuel and ultrasonic energy added biodiesel blended fuel. Sauter mean diameter was measured under the variation of the spray distance. Viscosity and Surface tension was measured under the variation of the time trace. To measure the droplet size, we used the Malvern system 2600C. Droplet size distribution was analyzed from the result data of Malvern system. Through this experiment, we found that the condition of the ultrasonic energy added situation had smaller Sauter mean diameter of droplet, viscosity and surface tension than that of the conventional situation.

초음파에너지가 유채혼합유를 사용하는 디젤기관 성능에 미치는 영향

권기린(K. R. Kwon),고경남(K. N. Ko) 한국동력기계공학회 2004 한국동력기계공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The effect of ultrasonic energy for diesel fuel and blend oil has been revealed in this paper. The experimental setup consisted of high speed diesel engine with 4 cylinder, dynamometer and ultrasonic fuel feeding system. Ultrasonic energy was added to diesel fuel and blend oil, which was a blend of diesel fuel and rape-seed oil. As engine speed was changed, brake specific fuel consumption, engine power and torque, thermal efficiency were measured in detail. As the results, by adding ultrasonic energy to diesel fuel and blend oil, the engine performance was improved in rage of the experiment. The effect of the improvement on brake specific fuel consumption and thermal efficiency for blend oil is higher than that for diesel fuel. On the other hand, a rise in engine torque for diesel fuel was higher than that for blend oil. From these results, it may be desirable to add ultrasonic energy to blend oil for the use of blend oil to diesel engine.

초음파 적용 상온연무기용 2-유체 노즐의 분무입경 측정

나우정,주은선,정진도,송민근,이경열 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2001 농업생명과학연구 Vol.35 No.-

상온연무기의 연무입자의 미립화에 대한 초음파 에너지의 효과를 구명하기 위하여 상온 연무기용 2-유체 노즐에 초음파 비가진 시의 상용분무, 분무노즐에 초음파 진동을 기계적 진동으로 주는 간접진동분무, 초음파를 분무액체에 직접 가하는 개질분무, 간접진동분무와 개질분무를 동시에 가하는 간접진동 및 개질법 겸용분무에 대하여 입경을 측정하였다. 분무방향 축과 반경방향 전 영역에 걸쳐서 사우터 평균지름(Sauter's mean diameter)을 측정한 결과 초음파 비가진 시인 상용분무시의 입경이 가장 크게, 간접진동 및 개질법 겸용의 경우가 가장 작게 나타났다. To figure out the effect of ultrasonic energy on the atomization of spray droplets from a twin-fluid nozzle used for cold-fog machine, spray droplets were measured according to the four experimental conditions; conventional spray where no ultrasonic energy is added, indirect vibration method where ultra vibration is added to the body of nozzle, liquid-property-change method where ultrasonic energy is added directly into the spray liquid, and combined addition method where indirect vibration method and liquid-property-change method are applied simultaneously. For all the regions according to the distance from the nozzle tip and for all radial regions, the poorest atomization was observed for the conventional spray condition and the best atomization was observed for the combined method conditions.

초음파 에너지 부가 저 점도 바이오디젤 혼합연료의 미립화 특성에 관한 연구

송용식 ( Yong Seek Song ),김용철 ( Yong Cheol Kim ),류정인 ( Jung In Ryu ) 한국분무공학회 2004 한국액체미립화학회지 Vol.9 No.3

N/A This experiment was undertaken to investigate the atomization characteristics of the low viscosity biodiesel blended fuel and ultrasonic energy added one. Test fuels were conventional diesel fuel and biodiesel fuel. We compared to the characteristics of viscosity and surface tension, SMD between low viscosity biodiesel blended fuel and ultrasonic energy added one. Sauter mean diameter was measured under the variation of the spray distance. Viscosity and surface tension was measured under the variation of the time trace. To measure the droplet size, we used the Malvern system 2600C. Droplet size distribution was analyzed from the result data of Malvern system. Through this experiment, we found that the condition of the ultrasonic energy added situation had smaller Sauter mean diameter of droplet, viscosity and surface tension than that of the conventional situation.