자궁경부암 방사선치료 후 혈중 Squamous Cell Carcinoma 항원치의 장기추적 결과

윤형근(Hyong Geun Yun) 대한방사선종양학회 2003 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.21 No.4

목 적: 자궁경부암의 방사선치료 후의 재발이나 병소의 지속을 발견하기 위한 종양표지자로서의 Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)항원의 의의를 장기간의 경과관찰을 통해서 확인하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1995년 10월부터 2001년 5월까지 단국대학병원 방사선 종양학과에서 원발성 자궁경부암으로 근치적 방사선치료를 시행 받은 환자 중 치료 전후에 혈중 SCC 항원치를 주기적으로 측정한 48예를 대상으로 하였다. 결 과: 방사선치료 전에 측정한 SCC 항원치는 전체의 79.2%에서 정상치 보다 높았다. 치료 후에 SCC 항원치는 유의하게 감소하였으며 치료 후 3개월 경에는 23.0%에서 정상치 보다 높았다.병소의 완전 관해가 이루어지고 치료실패가 일어나지 않은 경우는 6개월 이후의 장기적인 관찰 중 SCC항원치는 결국 정상범위가 되었다.치료 후의 장기적인 경과 관찰 중에 SCC 항원치가 재상승하여 지속적으로 높은 값을 나타낸 경우는 치료실패를 아주 잘 예측하였으며 SCC 항원치의 재상승과 임상적 치료 실패 확인사이의 시간간격(lead time)의 평균은 4개월이었다.재발과 관련된 SCC 항원치의 지속적 상승의 민감도는 85.7%, 특이도는 100.0%이었다.첫 번째 치료실패가 폐 전이로 나타났던 4예 중 3예에서는 SCC 항원치의 재상승이 일어나기 전에 흉부단순촬영 소견에서 폐 전이가 나타났으나 그 외의 모든 임상적 재발 시에는 SCC항원치의 재상승이 동반되거나 선행되었다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서 치료전 SCC 항원치가 높았던 경우에 치료 후 SCC 항원치의 지속적 상승은 치료 실패를 정확하게 예견하게 해 주는 좋은 예후인자였으며 SCC 항원치 상승과 치료실패 사이의 시간간격은 평균 4개월이었다. 그러나 치료 전 SCC항원치가 높은 경우의 치료 실패양상 중,폐 전이 초기와 같이 종양부피가 작은 경우는 처음에는 일시적으로 SCC 항원치가 정상범위로 관찰될 수 있으므로 경과 관찰 시 반드시 흉부단순 촬영을 병행하여 폐 전이 여부를 함께 관찰하여야 할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose To evaluate the long term significance of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen (Ag) as a tumor marker in uterine cervix carcinoma. Materials and Methods The SCC antigen levels of pre-radiotherapy and serial post-radiotherapy serum were analyzed in 48 patients who received radiotherapy with histologically proven primary SCC of the uterine cervix. Results Pre-radiotherapy SCC Ag level was high ( 2 ng/ml) at 79.2%. After the treatment, the SCC Ag level was significantly decreased. The SCC Ag level measured at about 3 months after radiotherapy was high at 23.0%. In further follow up measurements, a rise of the SCC Ag to a high level was well associated with clinical relapse. The specificity of the elevated SCC Ag level in association with recurrent or persistent disease was 100%, and the sensitivity was 85.7%. In 3 of 4 lung metastasis cases, lung lesions were detected in chest PA before elevation of the SCC Ag level. The median lead time of the high SCC Ag level to clinical recurrence was 4 months. Conclusion SCC Ag was a good tumor marker for monitoring treatment effect in patients with increased pre-treatment levels except in case of early lung metastasis. Elevation of the SCC Ag level after radiotherapy accurately predicted the treatment failure with lead time of 4 months. But , in early lung metastasis cases, the SCC level may be normal temporarily. Thus, chest PA should be checked to evaluate the presence of lung metastasis.

재발성 자궁경부암의 예후인자로서 SCC 항원의 유용성

강순범(Soon Beom Kang),이철민(Chul Min Lee),오수영(Su Young Oh),노주원(Ju Weon Roh),김용범(Yong Beom Kim),김재원(Jae Weon Kim),박노현(Noh Hyun Park),송용상(Yong Sang Song),이호표(Hyo Pyo Lee) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.9

연구목적: 재발성 자궁경부암 환자의 생존율에 영향을 미치는 예후 예측인자를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 연구대상 및 방법: 1988년 1월부터 1998년 12월까지 서울대학교병원 산부인과에서 재발성 자궁경부암으로 진단된 68명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 6개월 이상의 무병기간 후 새로이 암이 발견된 경우를 재발암으로 정의하여 임상적 특징을 분석하였으며, 생존율에 영향을 미치는 인자를 알아보기 위하여 Cox 비례위험함수를 이용한 다변량분석을 시도하였다. 병리조직학적 분포는 편평상피암이 70.6%, 선암이 11.8%, 선상피암이 11.8%, 그리고 소세포암이 1.5%를 차지하였고, 병기별 분포는 FIGO 병기 제 1기가 25.0%, 제 2기가 66.2%, 그리고 제 3기가 4.4%를 차지하였다. 재발부위별로는 중심골반재발이 44.1%, 골반측벽재발이 11.8%, 그리고 원격재발이 44.1%를 차지하였으며, 가장 흔한 원격전이 장기는 골반외 림프절(29.4%)이었다. 재발의 29.4%가 일차치료 후 12개월 이내에 발생하였고, 50.0%가 2년, 그리고 64.7%가 3년내에 재발하였다. 결과: 처음 진단 당시 SCC 항원의 양성율(>2.0ng/ml)은 45.2%이었고, 재발당시 측정한 SCC 항원의 양성율은 60.0%이었다. 대상환자의 총누적생존율은 29.1%이었다. 중앙골반재발의 경우가 골반측벽재발 및 원격재발에 비하여 완전관해율이 높았고(P = 0.002), 재발 진단당시 SCC 항원의 농도가 정상이었던 경우 완전관해율이 높았다(P = 0.032). 재발후 1년의 총누적생존율은 66.8%, 2년 생존율은 36.7%, 그리고 5년 생존율은 18.7%이었다. 중심골반재발의 경우 골반측벽재발 및 원격재발에 비하여 누적생존율이 높았으며(P = 0.029), 재발당시 측정한 SCC 항원의 농도가 정상이었던 경우 누적생존율이 높았다(P < 0.001). Cox 비례위험함수 모형을 이용한 다변량분석 결과 재발당시 측정한 SCC 항원 농도는 재발성 자궁경부암 환자의 누적생존율을 예측하는 독립적인 예후인자이었다(OR = 2.56, 95% CI [1.22-5.39], P = 0.01). 결론: 본 연구에서 자궁경부암의 재발 당시 측정한 혈중 SCC 항원 농도가 재발성 자궁경부암 환자에 있어서 독립적인 예후 예측인자임을 다변량분석을 통하여 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 자궁경부암 환자의 추적검사에 있어서 혈중 SCC 항원을 정기적으로 검사하여 보다 일찍 재발을 발견하고 적절한 치료를 시행하는 것이 재발성 자궁경부암 환자의 생존율을 높이는데 기여하리라고 사료된다. Objective: This study was performed to identify the prognostic factor for survival of patients with recurrent cervical cancer. Methods: Sixty-eight patients were diagnosed as recurrent cervical cancer at the Seoul National University Hospital from January, 1988 to December, 1998. Recurrence was defined as new evidence of tumor after 6 months of disease free survival. Retrospective analysis was done in terms of clinical features and the Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify independent variables associated with an improved survival rate. Histopathologic types were distributed as follows; squamous cell carcinoma in 70.6%, adenocarcinoma in 11.8%, adenosquamous cell carcinoma in 11.8%, and small cell carcinoma in 1.5%. Distribution of FIGO stage was as follows; stage I in 25.0%, stage II in 66.2%, and stage III in 4.4%. Sites of recurrence were as follows; central pelvic recurrence in 44.1%, pelvic side wall recurrence in 11.8%, and distant metastasis in 44.1% and the most common site of distant recurrence was extrapelvic lymph nodes (29.4%). 29.4% of recurrences were observed within the first 12 months after initial therapy, 50.0% within 2 years and 64.7% within 3 years. Results: Positive rate of SCC-Ag at initial diagnosis was 45.2% with cutoff value of 2.0 ng/ml. Positive rate of SCC-Ag at the diagnosis of recurrence was 60.0%. Overall response rate to the treatment was 29.1%. Complete response rate was higher in central pelvic recurrrence than pelvic side wall recurrence and distant metastasis (P = 0.002) and also higher in normal SCC-Ag level (≤ 2.0 ng/ml) at the diagnosis of recurrence than elevated level (P = 0.032). Cumulative survival rates of 1 year after recurrence was 66.8%, 2 year 36.7%, and 5 year 18.7%. Central recurrence showed higher cumulative survival rate than pelvic side wall or distant recurrence (P = 0.029). The patients with elevated SCC-Ag level at the time of diagnosis of recurrence showed lower cumulative survival rate than those with normal SCC-Ag level (P < 0.001). Cox proportional hazard model showed that SCC-Ag elevation at the time of diagnosis of recurrence retained significant values in predicting survival(OR = 2.56; 95% CI = [1.22-5.39]; P = 0.01). Conclusion: SCC-Ag elevation at the diagnosis of the recurrence is a strong independent prognostic indicator for survival of patients with recurrent cervical cancer.

자궁경부암 치료 후 재발양상과 종양표지자 SCC항원의 혈청 수치 변화의 상관관계에 관한 연구

최두호(Doo Ho Choi),김은석(Eun Seog Kim),남계현(Kae Hyun Nam) 대한방사선종양학회 1999 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.17 No.2

목 적 : 방사선치료를 시행한 자궁경부암 환자에서 혈중 SCC항원을 치료 전과 치료 후 추적기간 동안의 수치변화와 치료 결과의 상관관계를 조사하기 위하여 자료를 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 순천향대학병원 방사선종양학과에서 방사선치료를 시행한 환자 중에서 1991∼1997년 사이에 혈중 SCC 검사를 치료 전 시행하였거나 추적관찰 중 시행한 181명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 분석을 실시하였다. 여러 가지 통계 방법을 통하여 치료 전 농도와 무병생존기간, 예후인자 등을 비교하고 추적기간 중 수치 변화의 임상적의미를 조사하였 다. 결 과 : 혈중 SCC항원의 양성비율은 1.5ng/ml 기준으로 병기그룹에 따라 71∼91%, 2.5ng/ml 기준으로 57∼91%로 유의하 게 증가하였으며 각 그룹의 5년 무병생존율은 I B-ⅡA 79.2%, ⅡB 68.7%, Ⅲ 33.4%, Ⅳ 0% 였다. 그리고 5년 무병생존율 은 치료 전 항원농도가 5ng/ml 이상인 경우 34%로 1.5ng/ml 이하, 1.5∼5ng/ml의 55∼62% 보다 매우 낮았다. 항원 수치 추적검사 결과 임상증상보다 1∼13개월(평균 4.8개월) 재발을 빨리 발견할 수가 있었고 항원의 수치와 무병생존기간은 유의한 상관관계를 가졌고(r=-0.266) 다변량 분석상 치료전 SCC항원의 수치는 독립된 예후인자였다. 결 론 : 치료 전 혈중 SCC항원 농도는 편평상피 자궁경부암의 예후에 영향을 미치는 인자이며 치료 후 추적기간 중에 하 는 검사는 재발을 빨리 발견하는데 유용하다. Purpose : Serum squamous cell (SCC) antigen levels were examined in uterine cervix cancer undergoing radiation therapy, and authors analyzed the relationship between SCC antigen levels and treatment results. Materials and Methods : This is a retrospective st udy of 181 cervical carcinoma patients who received radiotherapy and examined serial serum SCC antigen from 1991 to 1997 at Soonchunhyang University Hospital. One hundred and eighteen patients underwent SCC antigen evaluation at diagnosis The relationship between the serum tumor marker level and disease free survival, recurrence pattern, and other prognostic factors were analyzed according to various statistical methods. Results : The positivity rate (initial serum value above 2.5 ng/ml) was increased with FIGO stage (IB-Ⅱ A 57% to IV 91%) and more discriminative than cutoff value of 1.5 ng/ml. Five year disease free survival rates for the stage IB-IIA, IIB, III and Ⅳ were 79.2%, 68.7%, 33.4% and 0%, respectively. The 5-year disease free survival rate for patients with serum SCC antigen levels above 5.0 ng/ml was 34% versus 55 ∼ 62% for patients with normal range (<1.5 ng/ml) or mildly elevated levels (1.5∼ 5.0 ng/ml). Rising SCC antigen levels preceded the clinical detection of disease by a mean of 4.8 months (range 1∼13 months). Negative linear corelation was observed between initial SCC antigen levels and relapse free survival (r= -0.226), and by multivariate analysis, initial SCC antigen level had a large impact on the relapse free survival. Conclusions : SCC antigen assay is a useful aid to predict the prognosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix and to detect recurrence.

자궁경부암에서 방사선치료 중 혈중 Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen 값의 변화

윤형근(Hyong Geun Yun),박석건(Seok Kun Park) 대한방사선종양학회 2001 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.19 No.2

목 적 :방사선치료 중에 혈중 Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen (SCC) 값의 변화를 관찰하여 치료에 대한 반응을 감시할 수 있는 가능성을 알아보고 특히 치료중 원격전이 등으로 인한 치료실패가 발생할 경우에 조기에 발견할 수 있는지 알아보기 위해서 본 연구를 시행하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1998년 12월부터 1999년 8월까지 단국대학병원 치료방사선과에서 원발성 자궁경부암으로 근치적 방사선치료를 시행 받은 환자 중 13례를 대상으로 하였고 치료전 및 외부조사 방사선치료 중 매주 1회씩, 그리고 치료 후에 혈중 SCC 치를 측정, 분석하였다. 결 과 : 13례 중 9례에서는 외부조사 방사선치료 종료 후에 시행한 검사상 원격전이의 소견이 없어서 자궁강내 근접방사선치료를 시행할 수 있었다. 이들 9례 중 7례는 방사선치료 전에 혈중 SCC 치가 상승되어 있었다. 이 7례중 6례에서 치료 후 완전 관해의 소견을 보였는데 그중 5례에서는 혈중 SCC 치가 정상화되었다. 부분관해를 보인1례에서는 혈중 SCC 치가 치료전보다 낮아졌으나 정상범위보다는 높았다. 13례 중 나머지 4례에서는 외부조사 방사선치료 종료시점에 원격전이가 확인되어서 자궁강내 근접방사선치료를 시행하지 못하였다. 이 중 3례는 방사선치료 전에 혈중 SCC 치가 상승되어 있었는데 외부조사 방사선치료 종료 직후 시행한 흉부단순촬영 사진상 원격전이의 소견이 나타났음에도 불구하고 이 때의 혈중 SCC 치는 감소하였다. 치료 전에 혈중 SCC가 상승되어 있었던 10례 중 7례에서 9 Gy 치료 후에 혈중 SCC 값이 더욱 증가하였으며 통계적으로 유의한 증가였다. 18 Gy 시행한 후의 값은 9 Gy 시행한 경우에 비해서는 3례에서 증가하였고 7예에서 감소하였으며 치료 전에 비해서는 4례에서 증가하였고 6례에서 감소하였다. 18 Gy 이후에는 방사선량의 증가에 따라서 계속적으로 혈중 SCC 치가 감소하여 종양이 완전 관해에 이르면 정상범위에 도달하였다. 결 론 :방사선치료 중에 혈중 SCC 치는 9 Gy까지는 치료 전에 비해서 일시적으로 증가하고 18 Gy에서는 치료전의 값과 비슷해지며 그 후에는 빠르게 감소해서 종양이 완전 관해에 이르면 정상치에 도달하였다. 외부조사 방사선치료 종료 후 흉부단순촬영 사진상 폐 전이의 소견을 보인 경우들도 혈중 SCC 치는 주로 자궁경부의 주종양의 관해도에 따라 감소하여 주종양의 완전관해시 정상화되었고 폐 전이의 발현에도 불구하고 증가하지 않았다. Purpose : To evaluate the s ignificance of serum SCC for the monitoring of treatment response and the early detection of distant metastas is during radiotherapy (RT). Mate ria ls and Me thods : In 13 patients with histologically proven primary squamous cell carcinoma of uterine cervix, serum SCC values were checked in pre- RT point, weekly during RT, and in post- RT point. Results : In 4 of 13 cases , metastas is appeared at the end of external RT, so that intracavita ry radiation couldn't be performed. Of these 4 cases , 3 with elevated pre- RT SCC level, who resulted in lung metastas is on chest PA at the end of external RT showed decreased post- RT SCC value despite of metastas is . Of all 10 cases with elevated pre- RT SCC value (including 3 with metastas is at the end of external RT), SCC value was higher than pre- RT value in 7 at 9 Gy and the difference was statistically s ignifica nt. At 18 Gy, SCC was higher in 4 and lower in 6 than pre- RT va lue. After 18 Gy, SCC value decreased continuous ly to the end of RT in all 10 cases . Conclusion : During RT, SCC value increased initially at 9 Gy. To 18 Gy, SCC value decreased to the nearly same with pre- RT va lue. After 18 Gy, to the end of RT, SCC value decreased continuous ly and normalized in completely responded cases . In cases with appearance of lung metastas is , SCC value also decreased with the disa ppearance of main mass of uterine cervix despite of metastas is .

유질개선(乳質改善)을 통한 락농가(酪農家) 소득증대(所得增大): SCC와 유방염(乳房炎)을 중심으로

손봉환 ( Bong Whan Sohn ),최진영 ( Gin Young Choi ),배도권 ( Do Kown Bae ),정충일 ( Chung Ill Chong ) 한국가축위생학회 1997 韓國家畜衛生學會誌 Vol.20 No.3

The study for a effect of monitoring on bovine mastitis was conduced for improvement of raw milk from Jan. to Dec. in 1996. Sampling the milk of 367 cows(1,406 quarters) from 5 herds in Inchon and were carried out California mastitis test(CMT), somatic cell count(SCC), isolation of pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity tests. The results were summarized as follows, 1. The number of bovine mastitis was 177 cows(48.2%) and 371 quarters(26.4%); clinical mastitis: 25 cows(6.8%), 32 quarters(2.3%) and subclinicsl mastitis: 152 cows(41.4%), 339 quarters(24.1%). Incidence rate of mastitis by season were Summer 52.0%, Fall and Winter 48% and Spring 41%. Incidence rate of mastitis by quarters were Summer 30%, Fall 28%, Winter 25% and Spring 21%, respectively. 2. In the distribution of CMT degree by quarter, CMT positive(CMT±) of 1,406 quarters milk were 50.1%(704 quarters). The ratio of CMT positivity by quarter were left front quarter 55.8%, right front quarter 48.9%, right hind quarter 48.6% and left hind quarter 47%. The ratio of CMT positivity by season were Summer 54.1%, Fall 49.7%, Spring 48.5% and Winter 48%. 3. The highest mean SCC by season among 5 herds was “A” herd. Mean SCC (cell/ml) ofA herd were Summer 2,032,000cells/ml, Fall 1,109,000cells/ml, Winter 782,000cells/ml and Spring 577,000cells/ml. The lowest mean SCC by season among 5 herds was “E” herds. Mean SCC of E herd were Summer 1,064,000cells/ml, Spring 795,000cells/ml, Fall 429,000cells/ml and Winter 400,000cells/ml. Mean SCC of the other herds by season were little difference. 4. The milk samples of “A” herd were collected from 10 cows. In 3 seasons, mean 5CC of No. 2 and 3 cows were than 1,000,000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 6, 7 and 8 cows were than 1,000,000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1,000,000cells/ml of cows by season were distributed Summer 4 cows, Winter 3 cows, Spring and Fall 1 cow respectively. The milk samples of “B” herd were collected from 14 cows. In 3 seasons, mean SCC of No. 1 cow was more than 1,000,000cells/ml. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 5,9 and 14 cows were more than 1,000,000cells/ml. In 1 season, No. 3,6 and 7 cows were more than 1,000,000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1,000,000cells/ml of cows by season were distributed Fall and Winter 4 cows respectively, Summer 3 cows and Spring 1 cow. The milk samples of “C” herd were collected from 18 cows. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 16 cow was more than 1,000,000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 1, 2, 6, 7, 13, 15 and 18 cows were more than 1,000,000cells/ml respectively. The more than mean SCC 1,000,000cells/ml of cows by season were distributed Summer 5 cows, Fall 3 cows, Spring 2 cows and Winter 1 cow. The milk sampes of “D” herd were collected 24 cows. In 3 season, mean SCC of No. 14 cow was more than 1,000,000cells/ml. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 14 and 18 cows were more than 1,000,000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 1, 2, 3, 8, 12, 17, 19, 20 and 21 cows were more than 1,000,000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1,000,000cells/ml of cows were distributed Fall 15 cows, Spring and Winter 4 cows respectively and Summer 3 cows. The milk samples of “E” herd were collected from 27 cows. In 2 seasons, mean SCC of No. 6, 7 and 21 cows were more than 1,000,000cells/ml. In 1 season, mean SCC of No. 2, 4, 7, 11, 14, 16 and 23 cows were more than 1,000,000cells/ml. The more than mean SCC 1,000,000cells/ml of cows were distributed Spring and Fall 5 cows respectively, Summer and Winter 2 cows, respectively. 5. The rate of isolated pathogenic microorganisms from bovine mastitis were summarized as follows: Staphylococcus sp 168 strains(45.8%), Streptococcus sp 82 strains(22.3%), Gram(-) sp 45 strains(12.3%), Gram(+) sp 51 strains and the other sp 21 strains(5.7%). 6. The highest of antibiotic sensitivity test of each microorganism was summarized as follows: Staphyolcoccus sp-cephalosporin 76%, gentamicin 55%, Streptococcus sp-ampicillin 61%, cephalosporin 63%, Gram(-) sp-gentamicin 58%, Gram(+) sp-cephalosporin 63%, The other sp-cephalosporin 90%. Microorganisms showed the highest sensitivity(68%) to cephalospsorin.

자궁경부암의 혈중 SCC항원치의 측정

김동원,김원택,남지호 부산대학교 병원 암연구소 2006 부산대병원학술지 Vol.- No.20

Purpose : To evaluate the significance of squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) as tumor markers in uterine cervix carcinoma. Subjects and Methods : This is a retrospective study of 90 cervical carcinomas who have received primary(radical) radiotherapy and checked serial serum SCC antigen levels before and after radiotherapy and during follow-up period from February 1994 to January 1998 at Busan National University Hospital. The relationship between radiotherapy results including some variable prognostic factors and serial serum SCC antigen levels were analyzed according to various statistical methods. Results : SCC antigen level was raised in 75 patients (83.3%) before primary radiotherapy. In these patients, clinical remission was achieved in 93.3% and SCC antigen level was decreased to normal range in 90.7% after radiotherapy. Rising SCC antigen levels preceded the clinical detection of relapse by a mean of 3.6 months (range 1~14 months). Negative linear correlation was observed between initial SCC antigen levels and relapse free survival, and by multivariate analysis, initial SCC antigen level was a significantly independent prognostic factor on the relapse free survival. Conclusions : Serum SCC antigen was good tumor marker for monitoring treatment effect in patients with raised pre-treatment levels. Serial SCC antigen level check after treatment will be a useful aid to detect early recurrence.

각화극세포종과 편평세포암에서 b치-2와 PCNA 면역조직화함염색 비교

김영태 ( Young Tae Kim ),박덕규 ( Duk Kyu Park ),이서열 ( Sung Yul Lee ),조현득 ( Hyun Deuk Jo ),이종석 ( Jong Suk Lee ),황규왕 ( Kyu Uang Whwg ),김의한 ( Eui Han Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2002 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.40 No.12

N/A Background : The function of the bcl-2 oncogene was known to prolong cell life by inhibiting apoptosis. PCNA have been used as a cellular proliferation marker. Because there are much similarities between Keratoacanthoma(KA) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma(SCC), it is often hard to differentiate KA and SCC, clinically and histopathologically. Although a number of recent studies have been attempted to separate these two entities by immunohistochemical stains, the distinction between KA and SCC may be still debatable and a matter of speculation. Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the method by analyzing immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2 and PCNA in a matter of differentiating KA and SCC. Method : 11 cases of Keratoacanthoma and 22 cases of Squamous Cell Carcinoma which are conformed by histopathologic examination were stained with bel-2 and PCNA immunohistochemically. Results : 1. In KA, The bel-2 was negative in 100% and the PCNA was positive in 100%. 2. In SCC, The bcl-2 was negative in 95% and the PCNA was positive in 100%. 3. In the pattern of staining of PCNA, KA have more peripheral pattern(73%) than diffuse pattern(27%), otherwise SCC have more diffuse pattern(59%) than peripheral(27%) and focal pattern(14%). Conclusion : bcl-2, PCNA, Keratoacanthoma(KA), Squamous Cell Carcinoma(SCC)Our research showed that KA is almost similar to SCC except that there are difference in the pattern of staining of PCNA. According to the result of our study, we think that it is hard to differentiate between KA and SCC only by immunohistochemical staining of PCNA, Although immunohistochemical staining of PCNA would not be a confirmative method, it will help us to distinguish KA from SCC as a supplementary measure. By the fact, more researches are necessary to differentiate KA and SCC by immunohistochemical staining. (Korean J Dermatol 2002:40(12) 1461∼1467)

Effects of testing variables on stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of Al 2024-T351

Lee, Hyunjung,Kim, Youngjoo,Jeong, Yooin,Kim, Sangshik Elsevier 2012 Corrosion science Vol.55 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In the present study, the effects of testing variables on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of Al 2024-T351 in 3.5% NaCl solution were examined using slow strain rate test (SSRT) method with controlled applied potentials and a constant load test (CLT) method. The SSRTs were conducted at various strain rates and applied potential, while the CLTs were performed with different exposure time, with different grain directions of ST (short-transverse) and L (longitudinal) to understand how the testing parameters affected on the SCC susceptibility of Al 2024-T351. The percent reductions in tensile elongation in an SCC-causing environment over those in air tended to express the SCC susceptibility of Al 2024-T351 most properly for both SSRT and CLT. The present fractographic examination suggested that both anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement played a role in the SCC process of Al 2024-T351 in 3.5% NaCl solution at both anodic and cathodic applied potentials, and the contribution of each mechanism could vary with different testing variables. It was also found that the SCC susceptibility of Al 2024-T351 obtained from the CLT result could provide the similar SCC evaluation result obtained by SSRT with a proper selection of testing variables. The metallurgical aspect of SCC behaviour of Al 2024-T351 was also discussed based on the microstructural and fractographic examinations.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P>► Effects of testing variables on SCC susceptibility of Al 2024-T351 in 3.5% NaCl solution were examined. ► Slow strain rate test (SSRT) method and a constant load test (CLT) method were utilised. ► Percent reductions in tensile elongation increased with decreasing strain rate. ► Anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement played a role in the SCC process. ► CLT showed the similar SCC susceptibility obtained by SSRT.</P>

자궁경부암 환자에서 종양표지물질 CYFRA 21 - 1 의 분석

이규완(K . W . Lee),정수경(S . K . Jung),김종오(J . O . Kim),이낙우(N . W . Lee),박용균(Y . K . Park),구병삼(P . S . Ku),최재걸(J . G . Choi),김영태(Y . T . Kim) 대한산부인과학회 2000 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.43 No.10

목적 : CYFRA 21-1은 세포질에 존재하는 cytokeratin subunit 19의 분절로 폐의 편평세포암에서 유용한 종양표지물질로 알려져 있다. 자궁경부의 편평세포암에서 CYFRA 21-1의 혈청치를 측정하여 민감도와 특이도를 구하고, SCC와 비교함으로써 자궁경부암의 종양 표지물질로서의 유용성을 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다.연구방법 : 1998년 2월부터 1999년 1월까지 고려대학교 안암병원 산부인과에서 조직학적으로 자궁경부암을 진단 받은 환자 중에서 치료전에 혈청이 채취된 24예, 자궁경부 상피내종양과 상피내암으로 진단 받은 환자 22예와 정상 대조군 21예을 대상으로 혈중 CYFRA 21-1을 측정하였다.결과 : 각 환자군의 평균연령은 자궁경부암군 50.6세, 자궁경부 상피내종양과 상피내암군 42.3세, 정상 대조군 54.5세로 나타났으며, CYFRA 21-1의 혈청 정상치를 2 ng/mg 이하로 하였을 때 자궁경부암군 24예에서 10예(41.7%), 자궁경부 상피내종양과 상피내암군 22예에서 4예(18.2%), 정상대조군 21예중 1예(4.8%)에서 양성으로 나타났다. 그리고, SCC와 CYFRA 21-1 혈청치의 병기 및 조직학적 분류에 따른 비교에 있어서 그 결과는 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었으며, 자궁경부암 환자에서 CYFRA 21-1의 민감도는 41.7%, 특이도는 95.2%, 양성 예측치는 90.9%이었다. 본 연구에서 자궁경부암 환자의 혈청에서 측정한 SCC는 24예중 5예로 20.8%의 민감도를 보였으며, CYFRA 21-1은 41.7%의 민감도를 보였다.결론 : CYFRA 21-1은 초기 및 진행된 자궁경부암의 진단에 SCC와 함께 보조적인 종양표지물질로 유용하게 사용할 수 있으리라 사료되지만 아직 더 많은 예에서 연구가 진행되어야 된다고 생각된다. Objective: CYFRA 21-1 is known to be a cytokeratin 19 fragment and elevated levels of CYFRA 21-1 have been detected in a large number of patients with non-small cell carcinoma of lung, particularly squamous cell carcinoma. The objective of our study were to evaluate the possibility of tumor marker of cervical cancer and to compare serum CYFRA 21-1 with serum SCC in patients with cervical cancer.Materials and methods: From February 1998 to January 1999, serum level of CYFRA 21-1 and SCC were measured in 46 patients with CIN, CIS, carcinoma of cervix before initial treatment. and 21 normal control cases. Results: Using 2.0 ng/ml as cut-off value, elevated CYFRA 21-1 levels were found in 4.8% of control cases, 25% of patients with CIN, 14.3% of patients with CIS, and 41.6% of patients with cervical cancer. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value(PPV), and negative predictive value(NPV) of serum CYFRA 21-1 were 41.7%, 95.2%, 90.9% and 58.8%, respectively. The sensitivity was 20.8% for SCC. The mean concentrations of SCC and CYFRA 21-1 were not correlated to FIGO stages and pathologic types. Conclusion: Serum CYFRA 21-1 was more sensitive than serum SCC for both early and advanced carcinoma of the cervix in our study. CYFRA 21-1 may be of significance as an additional marker in the management of patients with cervical cancer, but further investigation is needed.

Mechanism underlying Chios gum mastic-induced apoptosis on SCC25 human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line

Lee, Seung-Eun,Hur, Young-Joo,Kim, In-Ryoung,Kwak, Hyun-Ho,Kim, Gyoo-Cheon,Shin, Sang-Hun,Kim, Chul-Hoon,Park, Bong-Soo KOREAN ACADAMY OF ORAL BIOLOGY 2009 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.34 No.2

Chios gum mastic (CGM) is a resin produced from the stem and leaves of Pistiacia lentiscus L var chia, a plant which grows only on Chios Island in Greece. CGM has been used for many centuries as a dietary supplement and folk medicine for stomach and duodenal ulcers in many Mediterranean countries and is known also to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in some cancer cells. In this study, we further investigated the induction and mechanisms underlying the apoptotic response to CGM treatment in the SCC25 human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell line. The viability of SCC25 cells, human normal keratinocytes(HaCaT cells) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1 cells), and the growth inhibition of SCC25 cells were assessed by MTT assay and clonogenic assay, respectively. Staining with Hoechst and hemacolor dyes and TUNEL assays were employed to detect SCC25 cells undergoing apoptosis. SCC25 cells were treated with CGM, and this was followed by western blotting, immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy, FACScan flow cytometry, MMP activity and proteasome activity analyses. CGM treatment of SCC25 cells was found to result in a time- and dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth, and apoptotic cell death. Interestingly, CGM showed a remarkable level of cytotoxicity in SCC25 cells but not in normal cells. Tested SCC25 cells also showed several lines of apoptotic manifestation. Taken together, our present findings demonstrate that CGM strongly inhibits cell proliferation by modulating the expression of G1 cell cycle-related proteins and induces apoptosis via the proteasome, mitochondria and caspase cascades in SCC25 cells.