Radiography Work Performed by Dental Hygienists according to the Workplace Type

Bo-Young Park,Mi-Sook Yoon 한국치위생과학회 2022 치위생과학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Background: Dental hygienists study dental radiology through the dental hygiene department and curriculum, and most of the radiography work in dental clinics is performed by dental hygienists; however, the legal work regulations for dental hygienists place restrictions on the type of radiography performed. This study aimed to identify the actual conditions of the radiographic work performed by dental hygienists and to determine the difference according to the type of hospital.Methods: This study included 195 dental hygienists working at dental medical institutions in the metropolitan area. A survey was conducted on regarding the radiographic work performed and the clinical career of the main performers. The radiography work was divided into periapical radiography, bite-wing radiography, occlusal radiography, panoramic radiography, computed tomography (CT), and cephalometric radiography.Results: The frequency of performing intraoral radiography was as follows: periapical radiography, 94.9%; bite-wing radiography, 93.8%; and occlusal radiography, 77.9%. The frequency of performing extraoral radiography was 94.4% for panoramic radiography, 89.7% for CT, and 73.3% for cephalometric radiography. The frequency of internal and external radiography performance was higher among hygienists in dental clinics than among those in dental hospitals and university hospitals. The analysis of the dental hygienists’ clinical experience in the areas of intraoral and extraoral radiography showed that those working at university hospitals, dental hospitals, and dental clinics had over 5 years, 2∼4 years, and 1 year of clinical experience, respectively. The hygienists with less than 1 year of clinical experience showed high performance frequency (p<0.05).Conclusion: For the dental hygienists to perform radiography safely, a discussion regarding the revision of related laws and regulations is warranted.

5년간 연세대학교 치과대학병원 소아청소년의 치과 방사선 검사 및 유효선량 조사

김주희,이채나,김익환,이제호,강정민 대한치과의사협회 2022 대한치과의사협회지 Vol.60 No.12

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the dental radiography status and radiation risk of children and adolescents for 5 years in Yonsei University Dental Hospital. Materials and Methods: The dental radiography database of individuals under the age of 18 years was provided by the electronic medical records (EMR) from Yonsei University Dental Hospital from 2015 to 2019. The type of dental radiography included panoramic radiography, periapical radiography, bitewing radiography, cephalometric radiography, cone-beam computed tomography and computed tomography. The number of dental radiographies and the effective dose per person was investigated. Results: For 5 years, panoramic and periapical radiography were taken the most. Panoramic radiography, periapical radiography, bitewing radiography, cephalometric radiography, cone-beam computed tomography and computed tomography were taken the most at the age of 5 – 7 years, 4 years, 18 years, 18 years, 18, 7 years and 10, 11 years respectively. As analyzed by department, the radiographs were taken the most in order of pediatric dentistry, orthodontic, conservative dentistry. The annual average of effective dose per person increased with age, and it was highest at the age of 18 years. But it was lower than 1.0 mSv, the annual standard of defense in the general public. The effective dose of over 80% of patients are under 0.1 mSv. But there were 2 patients whose effective dose was over 1.0 mSv. The annual average effective dose per person by dental radiography type was highest at the age of 0 – 3 years for periapical radiography and at the age of over 4 years for panoramic radiography. Conclusion: This investigation into the status of number of dental radiography and effective dose for individuals of children and adolescents will contribute to maximizing the benefits of dental radiography and minimizing the radiation dose.

검사 방법에 따른 Lower Extremity Scanogram의 비교

홍정표(Jung-Pyo Hong),장동혁(Dong-Hyuk Jang):김경환(Kyung-Hwan Kim),권영호(Young-Ho Kwon) 대한영상의학기술학회 2016 대한영상의학기술학회 논문지 Vol.2016 No.1

목 적 : 하지 계측 검사인 Lower Extremity Scanogram의 검사 방법 가운데 Slot radiography와 Tube rotation 방법을 이용하여 검사를 한 후, 검사 방법에 따른 검사 시간과 영상의 차이를 비교하여 보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 특정 질환이 없는 성인 남성 15명을 대상으로 하였고, 평균 나이는 31±7세 이었다. Slotradiography 방법은 Simadzu사의 SONIALVISION safaire17 그리고 Tube rotation 방법은 Philips사의 Digital diagnost 장비를 사용하였다. 같은 연구 대상자를 두 가지 방법으로 각각 검사하여 Scanogram 영상과, 조사시간, 영상 재구성 시간을 비교하였다. 결 과 : Slot radiography 방법의 측정 길이가 80.3±2.7 cm로 Tube rotation 방법의 83.8±3.1 cm 보다 짧게 측정 되었다(p<0.05). 검사에 필요한 조사시간은 Slot radiography 방법이 8.5±0.6 sec로 Tube rotation 방법의 17.2±0.3 sec 보다 짧았다(p<0.05). 또한 영상 재구성 시간은 Slot radiography 방법이 21.1±1.0 sec로 Tube rotation 방법의 17.3±0.4 sec 보다 길게 나타났다(p<0.05). 결 론 : Slot radiography 방법은 조사시간이 짧고, 실측에 가까운 영상을 얻을 수 있었다. Tube rotation 방법은 영상 재구성 시간이 짧았으나 실제 길이보다 확대된 영상이 나타났다. 서서 검사를 해야 하는 환자의 경우에는 Tube rotation 방법으로, 설수 없거나 누워서 검사하는 환자의 경우에는 Slot radiography 방법으로 검사하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다. 임상에서 필요로 하는 영상을 각각의 검사 목적에 맞는 방법을 선택해서 환자에게 편리하고 유리한 장비에서 검사할 수 있도록 해야 할 것으로 생각된다. Purpose : Among the pelvic limb measurement examination of Lower Extremity Scanogram examination methods, Slot radiography and Tube rotation methods were used for examination, and the examination time and the difference in image according to the examination method were to be compared. Materials and Methods : Subject was 15 adult male without specific diseases, and the average age was 31±7. For the Slot radiography method, Simadzu SONIALVISION safaire17, and for the Tube rotation method, Philips Digital diagnost equipment were used. The same subject was each examined in two methods to compare the Scanogram image, exposure time, and image reconstruction time. Result : In the Slot radiography method, the measurement length was 80.3±2.7 cm to be shorter than the Tube rotation method of 83.8±3.1 cm (p<0.05). Regarding the exposure time required for examination, the Slot radiography method was 8.5 0.6 sec to be shorter than the Tube rotation method of 17.2±0.3 sec (p<0.05). Also, for the image reconstruction time, the Slot radiography method was 21.1±1.0 sec to be longer than the Tube rotation method of 17.3±0.4 sec (p<0.05). Conclusion : The Slot radiography method had shorter exposure time, and was able to obtain image near actual measurement. The Tube rotation method had shorter image reconstruction time, but showed image more extended than the actual length. It is considered that for patients examined in a standing position, the Tube rotation method is recommended, and for patients examined without being able to stand up or being lying down, the Slot radiography method is preferable. Selecting the method appropriate for each purpose of examination required in the clinical image and enabling the patient to be examined in a comfortable and favorable equipment is considered to be appropriate.

한 대학병원 응급실 내원환자의 방사선촬영 실태

안병주(Byeoungju Ahn) 한국방사선학회 2011 한국방사선학회 논문지 Vol.5 No.2

응급상황에서 방사선 촬영 분포 분석 및 문헌을 토대로 응급상황 대처 및 서비스 효율성을 개선시키기 위하여 연구를 하였다. 2010년 12월, 광주 광역시 한 대학병원에 응급실을 내원한 1270명 응급 외래환자를 분석하여 방사선 촬영분포 데이터를 분석하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 응급 방사선 촬영은 56.6% 일반 방사선 촬영, 2.5% 특수 촬영, CT 34.2%, 초음파 6.7%였으며, 일반 방사선 촬영에서 남성은 51.7%, 흉부외과의 촬영률 90.0%, 입원환자 77.9% 및 응급실에서 머무르는 시간이긴 환자에게서 촬영하였다. 특수 촬영의 비율은 , 비뇨기계 28.6%, CT에서는 신경외과 49.2%, 신경과 36.7%의 높은 비율을 나타냈다. 초음파의 경우 여성이 8.8%, 내과가 15.9% 비율을 나타냈다. 방사선 촬영의 분포도를 분석하면, 일반 방사선 촬영에서 흉부촬영 55.3%, 특수 촬영에서는 1.2%의 비뇨기계, CT에서는 두부 검사가 40.0%로 높은 비율을 차지했다. 일반 촬영의 진료과의 분포도에 따르면, 두부가 64.6% 신경외과, 흉부검사는 흉부외과는 90.0%, 복부가 58.0% 일반외과, 척추는 신경외과 40.0%, 골반 및 상하지는 정형외과가 15.9% 20.5%, 31.8%를 차지하였다. 일반 촬영의 환자 1인당 평균검수는 전체 인원을 고려하여 성별, 연령별, 전원 여부별 모두에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈다(p<0.05). 촬영만을 고려한 경우에는 성별에서 남자가 2.2건 높았으며, 연령대에서는 30대에서 2.7건이, 진단부분에서는 신경외과가 3.4건이 더 높게 차지하였다. 전체 촬영 부위 건수에서는 흉부가 998건으로 가장 많았다. 결과를 고려해보면, 응급실에 근무하는 방사선사는 응급 촬영에서 노년층을 돌봐야 하며, 촬영동안에 가능한 2차 손상을 특수 촬영인 비뇨기계 계통이 기구와 관련이 되어 있기 때문이다. 줄이기 위한 부상응급 환자를 검사하는 모든 방사선사는 방사선 촬영하는 동안에 긴급 상황에 대처해야 한다. 방지 대처가 필요하다. 왜냐하면, 특히 야간에 CT 촬영하는 두부 손상 환자는 환자 처치가 매우 중요하다. 담당 의사는 언제나 CT실에 상주하여 환자를 지켜 봐야 한다. 응급실에서 방사선 촬영은 여러 진료과에서 관여 한다. 일반 방사선 촬영의 높은 비율, 응급 방사선 촬영에 대한 특수 촬영실이 응급실 내에 설치하여만 하고, 능력이 있는 응급환자 처치를 할 수 있는 방사선사가 필요로 하고 응급환자 증가로 적절한 인원배치가 필요하다. This study was carried out to improve service efficiency and to cope with a emergency situation in emergency radiography, through analysis of the radiographic distriution and literature cited about emergency care. Data collection of radiographic distribution was surveyed for 1270 emergency outpatients who visit during JAN, 2009at ER of the general hospital in Gwang city. The results is as follows : Emergency radiography rate of simple radiography was 56.6%, special radiography 2. 5%, CT 34.2%, and ultrasonography 6.7%, In simple radiography rate. a high rate was distributed on male(63.6%), thoracicsurgery part(90.0%), admission patient(77.9%), and long stayed patient at ER. In special raiography rate, a high rate was obsurved in urologic part(28.6%), and in CT rate, observed neurosurgerty part(49.2%) and neurologic part(36.7%). Ultrasonography rate was high for female(8.8%) and internal medicine part(15.9%). There are distributed regional radiography rate in radio-graphic type that chest(55.3%) is high in the simple radiography, urinary system(1.2%) in the special study, and brain(40.0%) in the CT. Regional radiography rate according to diagnostic department also was showed highly for head(64.6%) in neuro surgery, chest(90.0%) in thoracic surgery, abdomen(58.0%) in general surgery, spine(40.0%) in neuro surgery, and pelvis(15.9%), upper extrimity(20.5%), and lower extrimity(31.8%) in orthopedic surgery each. Mean radiographic case number per patient of simple radiography was sinificant on sex, age, transfer relation in both total and radiopraphic patients(p<0.05). Mean radiographic case number was highly distributed on male(2.2 case number) in sex, on thirties(2.7) in age, transferred patient(2.7) in patient type, and on nurosurgery(3.4) in diagnostic charged part. Total radiographic case number in regional party was highly distributed on chest(998 case number.) Considering the above results, emergency radiographer should take care of the elder patient in emergency radiography and get hold of injury mechanism to decrease possible secondary injury during radiography. Because of high radiography rate of urinary system in special study, related instrument. All radiographer who take charge emergency patient should cope with a emergency situation during radiography. Because head trauma patients is very important in patient care, especilly in CT at night, charged doctor should be always sitted with CT room and monitoring patient. Radiography was reqested by many diagnostic department in ER. Considering that rate of simple radiography is high, special room for emergency radiopraphy should be established in ER area, and the radioprapher of this room should be stationed radiologic technician who is career and can implement emergency patient care and The disposition of men which is appropriate with emergency patient increase is necessary.

치과위생사의 방사선 촬영업무의 확대에 대한 문헌적 고찰

최영숙,장종화,김진경,박용덕 한국치위생학회 2009 한국치위생학회지 Vol.9 No.2

This study analyzes through the review of literature and laws the exposure time, clinical frequency, and radiation exposure of intraoral and extraoral radiography as well as of panoramic radiography performed by dental hygienists in dental clinics, compares the dental radiology curriculums of radiological science and dental hygiene departments, and proposes the expansion of dental hygienists' radiography operations. The radiology curriculums were compared between the radiological science and dental hygiene departments of colleges. For new analysis by radiography for dental diagnosis, the exposure time, radiation absorbed dose, effective dose, and number of days of natural radiation were compared by the type of oral radiation films and radiographical techniques proposed by domestic and international studies. The exposure time of panoramic radiography is 15 seconds and it takes about two minutes for completion, whereas the exposure time of the standard radiography is 0.2 ~ 0.8 seconds and it takes 10 times longer for completion of the radiography of full mouth than the panoramic radiography. The standard radiography can cause distortions of radiation at severely curved parts of dental arch and palatopharyngeal reflex. However, panoramic radiography can be performed even for lock jaw patients, causes less inconvenience to patients and is much simpler than the standard radiography. The percentage of dental clinics where radiography is performed by dental hygienists was 92.0%, and the percentage of standard film radiography by dental hygienists was 98% whereas the percentage of panoramic radiography by dental hygienists was 92%. For the absorbed dose which is an indicator of radiation exposure, the When the effective dose which is an indicator of the danger of radiation exposure was converted to the number of days of natural radiation, it was 3.3 days for panoramic radiography, but 13.9 days for the full mouth standard radiography by bisecting angle technique which was 4.2 times longer than the panoramic radiography. There were two colleges that had a dental radiology course with two credits in the departments of radiological science. The credits for dental radiology courses in the department of dental hygiene ranged varied by college, ranging from 3 to 8; on average, the theory course was 2.2 credits and the practice course was 2.02 credits. To summarize the above results, the percentage of dental clinics where panoramic radiography is performed by dental hygienists under the guidance of dentists is high. Panoramic radiography has become an essential facility for dental clinics. It is faster than standard film radiography and less dangerous due to low radiation exposure. Panoramic radiography is a simple mechanical job that does not require training of oral radiography by radiotechnologist. Because panoramic radiography is one of major operations which must be performed at all times in dental clinics, it must be designated as intraoral technique rather than extraoral technique, or legalized for inclusion in the scope of operations of dental hygienists.

우리나라의 골반 및 요추 엑스선검사에서의 환자선량 권고량

이광용(Kwang-Yong Lee),이병영(Byung-Young Lee),이정은(Jung-Eun Lee),이현구(Hyun-Koo Lee),정승환(Seung-Hwan Jung),김병우(Byung-Woo Kim),김혁주(Hyeog-Ju Kim),김동섭(Dong-Sup Kim) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2009 방사선기술과학 Vol.32 No.4

목 적 : 골반 및 요추 엑스선검사는 진단 엑스선검사 중 생식선을 포함하고 있고 환자가 받는 방사선량이 많은 검사로서 우리나라에는 골반 및 요추 엑스선검사에서의 환자선량 권고량이 마련되어 있지 않다. 따라서 국내 의료기관에서 골반 및 요추 엑스선검사 시 환자가 받는 방사선량을 측정하여 평가하고 골반 및 요추 엑스선검사에서 환자의 방사선 방어 최적화를 위한 환자선량 권고량을 확립한다. 방 법 : 전국 125개 의료기관에서 골반 전후면 촬영, 요추 전후면 및 측면 촬영시 촬영조건과 진단영상정보를 조사 분석하고 환자가 받는 입사표면선량을 유리선량계를 사용하여 측정 평가한다. 환자가 받는 방사선량 중 제3사분위값에 해당하는 선량값을 의료기관에 권고할 골반 및 요추 엑스선검사에서의 환자선량 권고량으로 확립한다. 결 과: 전국 125개 의료기관에서 골반 및 요추 엑스선검사 시 진단영상정보를 조사하고 환자가 받는 입사표면선량을 측정한 결과 골반 전후면 엑스선검사에서는 관전압이 60~97kVp, 평균 75kVp를 사용하였고, 관전류-시간곱(mAs)는 8~123mAs, 평균 29.7mAs를 사용하였다. 요추 전후면 및 측면 엑스선검사에서는 관전압을 각각 65~100kVp, 평균 78kVp와 70~109kVp, 평균 87kVp를 사용하였고 mAs도 각각 10~100mAs, 평균 35.2mAs와 8.9~300mAs, 평균 64.1mAs를 사용하였다. 골반 및 요추 엑스선검사에서의 환자가 받는 입사표면선량을 측정한 결과, 골반 전후면 엑스선검사에서는 최소값 0.59mGy, 최대값 12.69mGy, 평균값 2.88mGy이었으며, 제1사분위값은 1.91mGy, 중앙값은 2.67mGy, 제3사분위값은 3.42mGy이었다. 요추 전후면 엑스선검사에서는 최소값 0.64mGy, 최대값 23.84mGy, 평균값 3.68mGy이었으며, 제1사분위값은 2.41mGy, 중앙값은 3.40mGy, 제3사분위값은 4.08mGy이었다. 요추 측면 엑스선검사에서는 최소값 1.90mGy, 최대값 45.42mGy, 평균값 10.08mGy이었으며, 제1사분위값은 6.03mGy, 중앙값은 9.09mGy, 제3사분위값은 12.65mGy이었다. 결 론 : 우리나라 의료기관에서 골반 전후면 엑스선검사에서 의료기관에 권고할 환자선량 권고량은 3.42mGy, 요추 전후면 엑스선검사에서는 4.08mGy, 요추 측면촬영에서는 12.65mGy로 세계보건기구 등 6개 국제기구가 공동으로 권고할 골반 전후면 10mGy, 요추 전후면 검사 10mGy 및 요추 측면 검사 30mGy보다는 낮았다. Purpose : pelvis and lumbar spine radiography, among various types of diagnostic radiography, include gonads of the human body and give patients high radiation dose. Nevertheless, diagnostic reference levels for patient radiation dose in pelvis and lumbar spine radiography has not yet been established in Korea. Therefore, the radiation dose that patients receive from pelvis and lumbar radiography is measured and the diagnostic reference level on patient radiation dose for the optimization of radiation protection of patients in pelvis and lumbar spine radiography was established. Methods : The conditions and diagnostic imaging information acquired during the time of the postero-anterior view of the pelvis and the postero-anterior and lateral view of the lumbar spine at 125 medical institutions throughout Korea are collected for analysis and the entrance surface dose received by patients is measured using a glass dosimeter. The diagnostic reference levels for patient radiation dose in pelvis and lumbar spine radiography to be recommended to the medical institutes is arranged by establishing the dose from the patient radiation dose that corresponds to the 3rd quartile values as the appropriate diagnostic reference level for patient radiation dose. Results : According to the results of the assessment of diagnostic imaging information acquired from pelvis and lumbar spine radiography and the measurement of patient entrance surface dose taken at the 125medical institutes throughout Korea, the tube voltage ranged between 60~97kVp, with the average use being 75kVp, and the tube current ranged between 8~123mAs, with the average use being 30mAs. In the posteroanterior and lateral views of lumbar spine radiography, the tube voltage of each view ranged between 65~100kVp (average use: 78kVp) and 70~109kVp (average use: 87kVp), respectively, and the tube current of each view ranged between 10~100mAs(average use: 35mAs) and between 8.9~300mAs(average use: 64mAs), respectively. The measurements of entrance surface dose that patients receive during the pelvis and lumbar spine radiography sho the following results: in the posteroanterior view of pelvis radiography, the minimum value is 0.59mGy, the maximum value being 12.69mGy and the average value is 2.88mGy with the 1st quartile value being 1.91mGy, the median being 0.59mGy, and the 3rd quartile value being 3.43mGy. Also, in the posteroanterior view of lumbar spine radiography, the minimum value is 0.64mGy, the maximum value is 23.84mGy, and the average value is 3.68mGy with the 1st quartile value being 2.41mGy, the median being 3.40mGy, and the 3rd quartile value being 4.08mGy. In the lateral view of lumbar spine radiography, the minimum value is 1.90mGy, the maximum value is 45.42mGy, and the average value is 10.08mGy with the 1st quartile value being 6.03mGy, the median being 9.09mGy and the 3rd quartile value being 12.65mGy. Conclusion : The diagnostic reference level for patient radiation dose to be recommended to the medical institutes in Korea is 3.42mGy for the posteroanterior view of pelvis radiography, 4.08mGy for the posteroanterior view of lumbar spine radiography, and 12.65mGy for the lateral view of lumbar spine radiography. Such values are all lower than the values recommended by 6 international organizations including World Health Organization, where the recommended values are 10mGy for the posteroanterior view of pelvis radiography, 10mGy for the posteroanterior view of lumbar spine radiography and 30mGy for the lateral view of lumbar spine radiography.

Diagnostic reference levels in intraoral dental radiography in Korea

김은경,한원정,최진우,정연화,윤숙자,이재서 대한영상치의학회 2012 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.42 No.4

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to survey the radiographic exposure parameters, to measure the patient doses for intraoral dental radiography nationwide, and thus to establish the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in intraoral dental X-ray examination in Korea. Materials and Methods: One hundred two intraoral dental radiographic machines from all regions of South Korea were selected for this study. Radiographic exposure parameters, size of hospital, type of image receptor system, installation duration of machine, and type of dental X-ray machine were documented. Patient entrance doses (PED) and dose-area products (DAP) were measured three times at the end of the exit cone of the X-ray unit with a DAP meter (DIAMENTOR M4-KDK, PTW, Freiburg, Germany) for adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography, and corrections were made for room temperature and pressure. Measured PED and DAP were averaged and compared according to the size of hospital, type of image receptor system, installation duration, and type of dental X-ray machine. Results: The mean exposure parameters were 62.6 kVp, 7.9 mA, and 0.5 second for adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography. The mean patient dose was 2.11 mGy (PED) and 59.4 mGycm2 (DAP) and the third quartile one 3.07 mGy (PED) and 87.4 mGycm2 (DAP). Doses at university dental hospitals were lower than those at dental clinics (p⁄0.05). Doses of digital radiography (DR) type were lower than those of film-based type (p⁄0.05). Conclusion: We recommend 3.1 mGy (PED), 87.4 mGycm2 (DAP) as the DRLs in adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography in Korea. Purpose: The objectives of this study were to survey the radiographic exposure parameters, to measure the patient doses for intraoral dental radiography nationwide, and thus to establish the diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) in intraoral dental X-ray examination in Korea. Materials and Methods: One hundred two intraoral dental radiographic machines from all regions of South Korea were selected for this study. Radiographic exposure parameters, size of hospital, type of image receptor system, installation duration of machine, and type of dental X-ray machine were documented. Patient entrance doses (PED) and dose-area products (DAP) were measured three times at the end of the exit cone of the X-ray unit with a DAP meter (DIAMENTOR M4-KDK, PTW, Freiburg, Germany) for adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography, and corrections were made for room temperature and pressure. Measured PED and DAP were averaged and compared according to the size of hospital, type of image receptor system, installation duration, and type of dental X-ray machine. Results: The mean exposure parameters were 62.6 kVp, 7.9 mA, and 0.5 second for adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography. The mean patient dose was 2.11 mGy (PED) and 59.4 mGycm2 (DAP) and the third quartile one 3.07 mGy (PED) and 87.4 mGycm2 (DAP). Doses at university dental hospitals were lower than those at dental clinics (p⁄0.05). Doses of digital radiography (DR) type were lower than those of film-based type (p⁄0.05). Conclusion: We recommend 3.1 mGy (PED), 87.4 mGycm2 (DAP) as the DRLs in adult mandibular molar intraoral dental radiography in Korea.

일반두부방사선계측사진과 디지털방사선계측사진의 계측점 식별의 오차 및 재현성에 관한 비교 연구

이양구,양원식,장영일 대한치과교정학회 2002 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.32 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 일반두부방사선계측사진과 디지털두부방사선계측사진의 계측점 식별의 오차를 구하여 각각의 영상에서 오차의 특징을 살펴보고 재현성을 비교 평가하는 것이다. 연구 대상은 서울대학교병원 치과진료부 교정과에 내원한 교정 환자 중 18세에서 29세 사이의 성인 환자 중에서 일반두부방사선계측사진군과 디지털두부방사선계측사진군 각각 15명씩 30명을 무작위로 선택하여 연구 대상으로 하였으며 남녀의 구별이나 두개 안면 구조의 형태는 고려하지 않았다. 계측점은 동일인이 시간차를 두고 식별 하였다. 식별 후 각 계측점은 좌표 (x, y)로 표시하였으며, 처음 계측점을 식별한 두부방사선계측사진군을 T1으로, 1 주 후 동일 계측점을 재식별한 두부방사선계측사진군을 T2로, 1 달 후 동일 계측점을 재식별한 두부방사선계측사진군을 T3로 분류하였다. 오차의 평균과 표준편차는 x좌표, y좌표로 구분하여 계산하였다. 초기 식별 1주 후 재식별시 오차는 T2-T1(x), T2-T1(y)로, 초기 측정 1달 후 재식별시 오차는 T3-T1(x), T3-T1(y)로 표시하였으며 일반두부방사선계측사진과 디지털두부방사선계측사진으로 각각 나누었다. 재현성의 평가를 위한 오차간의 통계학적인 검정은 independent t-test를 사용하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 디지털두부방사선계측사진이 일반두부방사선계측사진보다 일반적으로 오차의 평균 및 표준편차가 작았다. 2. 일반두부방사선계측사진의 오차와 디지털두부방사선계측사진의 오차가 통계학적으로 유의성 있는 차이를 보인 항목은 드물었다. 3. 상의 향상을 통한 오차의 개선은 한계가 있었으며 상이 향상되더라도 각 계측점의 오차의 경향은 크게 변하지 않았다. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reproducibility and errors in landmark identification of conventional lateral cephalometric radiography and digital lateral cephalometric radiography. Fifteen conventional lateral cephalometric radiographs and fifteen digital lateral cephalometric radiographs were selected in adults with no considerations on sex and craniofacial forms. Each landmark was identified and expressed as the coordinate (x, y). The landmarks were classified into 3 groups. The landmarks of the first identification was T1, identification after one week was T2, and identification after one month was T3. The mean and standard deviation of identification errors between replicates were calculated according to the x and y coordinates. The errors between first identification and second identification were expressed as T2-T1(x), T2-T1(y) and those between first identification and third identification were expressed as T3-T1(x), T2-T1(y). Each wa divided into conventional lateral cephalometric radiography and digital lateral cephalometric radiography. The independent t-test was used for statistical analysis of identification errors for the evaluation of reproducibility. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. Generally, the mean and standard deviation of landmark identification errors in digital lateral cephalometric radiography was smaller than those of conventional lateral cephalometric radiography. 2. Only a few landmarks showed statistically significant difference in identification error between conventional lateral cephalometric radiography and digital lateral cephalometric radiography. 3. The enhancement of image quality didn't guarantee decrease in landmark identification error and didn't affect tendency of landmark identification error.

국내·외 치과촬영에 의한 피폭방사선량 실태조사 현황 분석

이병민,이민영,남형우,김광표 (사)한국방사선산업학회 2021 방사선산업학회지 Vol.15 No.2

Dental radiography is an important tool used for diagnosis of cavities, implants, andorthodontics. The usage of dental radiography has increased continuously, which can lead toincrease in the radiation dose for the patient. Therefore, it is necessary to manage the patientdose for medical radiation at the national level continuously and systematically. The objectiveof this study is to analyze the national medical radiation exposures by dental radiography. InKorea, the KCDC conducted a study of radiation exposure by dental radiography in 2019. In thisstudy, the KCDC conducted a study through radiation dose measurement by visiting a medicalinstitution. The age group was classified into 6, 12, and adults, and the types of examination wereselected as intraoral radiography, panorama, and CBCT. The dose area product correspondingto the third quartile for adults was 2,060 mGy·cm2 (CBCT), 227 mGy·cm2 (panorama), and 46mGy·cm2 (intraoral radiography). In other developed countries, it was found that the surveymethod, age, and type of examination for dental radiography were similar to Korea. Radiationdose in Korea was about 39% lower than the other countries in intraoral radiography, and about2.0 times higher in panorama and 2.5 times higher in CBCT. It is because the dental radiographyacquisition methods and devices are different from each country. Periodic nation-wide survey onmedical radiation exposure is necessary to manage the medical radiation exposure. Ultimately, theresults of this study can be used to optimize patient dose and reduce radiation dose.

Skin entrance dose for digital and film radiography in Korean dental schools

Cho, Eun-Sang,Choi, Kun-Ho,Kim, Min-Gyu,Lim, Hoi-Jeong,Yoon, Suk-Ja,,Kang, Byung-Cheol 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2005 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.35 No.4

Purpose : This study was aimed to compare skin entrance dose of digital radiography with that of film radiography and to show the dose reduction achievement with digital systems at 11 dental schools in Korea. Materials and Methods : Forty six intraoral radiographic systems in 11 dental schools were included in this study. Digital sensors were used in 33 systems and film was used in 13 systems. Researchers and the volunteer visited 11 dental schools in Korea. Researchers asked the radiologic technician (s) at each school to set the exposure parameters and aiming the x-ray tube for the periapical view of the mandibular molar of the volunteer. The skin entrance doses were measured at the same exposure parameters and distance by the technician for each system with a dosimeter (Multi-O-Meter : Unfors instruments, Billdal, Sweden). Results : The median dose was 491.2 μGy for digital radiography and 1,205.0 μGy for film radiography. The skin entrance dose digital radiography was significantly lower than that of film radiography (p<0.05). Conclusion : Fifty-nine percent skin entrance dose reduction with digital periapical radiography was achieved over the film radiography in Korean dental schools.