자연과학편 : 점증부하운동 중 주관적 운동강도척도로써 RPE와 CR10 비교

김광회(KwangHoiKim),김원현(WonHyunKim),이범기(BumKeeLee),김용진(YongJinKim),박건우(GunWooPark),김랑,김도윤(DoYounKim) 한국체육학회 2006 한국체육학회지 Vol.45 No.3

본 연구는 점증부하운동 중 운동자각도로써의 RPE 및 통증척도인 CR10과 생리적 반응과의 관계를 알아봄으로써 운동자각척도 및 통증척도로써의 CR10의 활용 방안을 찾아보고 또한 CR10을 이용하여 RPE × 10 = 심박수의 오차를 줄일 수 있는 추정식을 개발하였으며 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 낮은 수평속도에서 수직 경사도가 증가되는 운동형태에서 RPE와 CR10의 변화 경향에는 차이가 있었으며 이는 RPE는 낮은 속도로 인해 심박수를 저평가하였고 CR10은 높은 경사도로 인해 하체 통증을 반영한 것으로 사료된다. 2. CR10은 RPE와 높은 상관성이 있었으며 (p<.05), 또한 심박수, %심박수, RER, VO₂와도 유의한 상관성을 나타내는 등 통증척도인 CR10이 RPE와 큰 차이가 없었던 점은 점증부하운동검사에서 운동자각도 측정도구로써의 CR10 활용이 가능할 수 있음을 의미한다. 3. 높은 경사도가 있는 운동형태에서 하체 근지구력 수준이 CR10 변화에 영향을 주어 RPE와 심박수간의 차이를 감소시키는 결과를 얻었으므로 RPE와 심박수의 차이를 통해 근지구력 수준의 파악이 가능할 것으로 사료된다. 4. RPE와 CR10을 이용한 심박수 추정식(beat/min)은 “32.695 + (10.407 × RPE) - (4.60 × CR10) 이며 산소섭취량(ℓ/min)은 “0.628 + (0.145 × RPE) - (0.024 × CR10) 로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to provide a useful data for CR10 as the rating of perceived exertion and of pain during graded exercise test and to develop the formula for the estimation of actual heart rate by using CR10 and RPE. As the first result, CR10 showed the different tendency from RPE during GXT, which indicated that lower velocity led the lower RPE scale while higher grade caused the higher CR10 scale. The second, CR10 had close correlation with RPE and also heart rate, %heart rate max, RER, VO₂, which meant that CR10 might be used as rating of perceived exertion during GXT instead of RPE. the third, the difference between RPE and heart rate had relation with CR10 scale, which meant that muscular endurance interacted the RPE-heart rate difference. the forth, we developed the formula for actual heart rate as followed : heart rate = 32.695 + (10.407 × RPE) - (4.60 × CR10) : R² = 80.9%, SEE = 13.18beat/min and VO₂ = 0.628 + (0.145 × RPE) - (0.024 × CR10) : R² = 78.1%, SEE = 0.370ℓ/min.

자연과학편 : 운동강도 척도(RPE)의 운동강도 기준으로서의 타당도 검사

김도윤(DoYounKim),노승수(SeungSooNoh),김병준(ByoungJunKim) 한국체육학회 2006 한국체육학회지 Vol.45 No.2

본 연구에서는 주관적 운동강도 척도인 RPE의 타당도를 알아보기 위하여 실제 심박수의 추정도구로서의 타당도, 우리말 표현력이 이러한 RPE의 타당도에 영향 여부 또한 대상자의 특성에 따른 TRPE(13, 15) 반응 차이를 알아보았다. 1. 모든 운동단계에서 RPE는 심박수를 저평가(30 beat/min 이상)하는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 우리말 표현력 점수는 단계별로 RPE 및 RPE-심박수와 유의한 정적 상관성이 있었다. 3. 동일한 TRPE (13, 15)에서 대상자들의 운동경력, 체지방률, BMI에 따라 신체적 운동강도가 다르게 나타났다. 이는 현재의 RPE가 심박수를 추정할 수 없었으며 언어적 표현력에 따라 운동강도 척도 타당도가 달라질 수도 있음을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 번역된 RPE는 운동강도를 심박수로 추정하는 목적으로 사용할 때 매우 신중해야 하며 더 나아가 우리말 운동강도 측정도구로서 우리말 RPE는 새롭게 개발되어야 할 것으로 생각된다. The first purpose of this study was to examine the validity of the Borg's RPE scale translated in Korean according to the relative language expression, and to investigate how the physical responses were different at the ratings of perceived exertion 13, 15 scale according to the subjects' fitness, carrier and so on. For the primary purpose of relation among heart rate, RPE and language expression, 8 subjects participated graded exercise test. For the latter purpose, other 16 subjects joined who were in their twenties or thirties. during the tests, we checked the all response at RPE 13, 15 then we analyzed these data by dividing the groups according their characteristics. As the result of first test, there were significant positive relation between the point of language expression and RPE at 2, 9 stage. Between RPE and heart rate had positive relation at 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, end stage. On the second result, there was significant difference in O2 at RPE 13 and 15 according to the body fat and at RPE 15 in RER. Additionally according to the BMI was different in %O2max, heart rate and duration at RPE 13, moreover O2 and duration at RPE 15. It may be possible to lead the various interpretation even though same word by relatively different level in language expression. In addition, results indicated that physical intensity at RPE 13 and 15 might differ according to the subjects' various condition such as body fat, BMI and ages, therefore as the exercise prescription, from RPE 13 to 15 should be modified with the consideration of subject's BMI, ages and body fat.

Gender Comparison of Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) as a Predictor of Exercise Intensity in College Students

Do-Yeon Kim(김도연),Jeong-Ah Lee(이정아) 한국생명과학회 2011 생명과학회지 Vol.21 No.1

심박수(heart rate) 및 산소 소비량(oxygen consumption) 등의 생리학적 변수는 운동자각도(RPE)와 밀접한 관련이 있으며, RPE의 남녀차이에 의한 예측 운동강도의 정확성은 아직 밝혀지지 않고 있고, 본 연구는 남녀 대학생의 심장혈관 및 신진대사의 반응을 평가하고 남녀의 차이를 밝히는 데 있다. 남자대학생(25.1±1.56 yr)과 여자대학생(25.0±4.12yr) 각각 10명이 본 연구에 자발적으로 참여를 하였고, 본 연구를 위하여 설정된RPE는 Borg의 15 범주에서 결정을 하였으며, 점증적 운동부하(graded exercise testing)는 Bruce Treadmill Protocol을 이용하였다. 남녀의 평균 slope (p=0.501)와 RPE의 plotting rates와 최대산소섭취율(% VO2max)은 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 각자의 상대적 최대산소섭취량은 남학생의 경우52.36±7.35 ml/㎏/min, 여학생은 41.44±6.71 ml/㎏/min로 나타나 두 그룹간에 유의하게 큰 차이가 있었으며, 절대적 최대산소섭취량은 남학생은 4.05±0.36 l/min, 여학생은 2.53±0.39 l/min로 나타나 두 그룹간에 큰 차이가 나타냈다. 남학생과 여학생간의 slope, y-intercept, SEE는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 본 연구에서 운동강도에 따른 남학생과 여학생의 RPE 의 차이는 유의하게 나타나지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 RPE는 운동중 산소섭취량에 대한 운동강도의 예측에 남녀별 차이가 없어 유효한 예측인자라고 사료된다. Perceived exertion involves detection and interpretation of sensations arising from the body during physical exercise. Physiological variables such as heart rate and oxygen consumption positively correlate with ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). It is unknown whether the accuracy of predicting exercise intensity from RPE differs between men and women. Therefore, it was examined whether men or women could predict relative exercise intensity, determined by oxygen consumption, more accurately from RPE. Ten male and ten female young adult subjects aged 25.1±3.52 yr volunteered to participate. RPE were determined by the Borg 15-category scale, and a standard Bruce treadmill protocol was used to perform graded exercise testing. There was no significant difference in slope means between males and females (p=0.501). No significant difference was observed when plotting rates of perceived exertion (RPE) vs. percentage of VO₂ max. The relative maximal oxygen consumptions (VO2max, rel) were 52.36±7.35 ml/㎏/min for males and 41.44±6.71 ml/㎏/min for females, respectively and there was a significantly high difference between the two groups in the relative VO2max, as well as figures of 4.05±0.36 l/min for males and 2.53±0.39 l/min for females in the absolute VO2max in this study. There were no significant differences in slope, y-intercept, and standard error of estimate (SEE) between males and females. No significant difference with RPE according to exercise intensity was found between males and females. However, RPE was a useful predictor of exercise intensity in independent genders.

Step aerobics의 RPE가 여고생의 면역기능에 미치는 영향

Sun-Ok Kwon(권선옥),Seon-Tae Jeong(정선태) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.2

J시 소재 K여자고등학교 1학년 중에서 %fat이 30% 이상인 24명을 유의추출법에 의해 운동그룹 A (8명), B (8명) 그룹과 통제그룹(8명)으로 3그룹으로 구분하여 Borg의 주관적운동강도를 이용, A그룹은 RPE 15-17(hard-very hard; 힘듦-매우 힘듦)×3 sets, B그룹은 RPE 11-13 (fairly light-somewhat hard; 알맞음-약간 힘듦)×3 sets로 설정하여 step aerobics (step box: 길이 68 ㎝, 폭 28 ㎝, 높이 15 ㎝, 무게 450 g)를 1일 50-60분간, 주3회(월, 수, 금)로 총 8주간 실시하였다. 본 연구는 step aerobics의 RPE가 비만 여고생의 면역기능(Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Eosinophil, Basophil, IgG, IgA, IgM)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가를 알아보는 것이었다. 자료처리는 SPSS Ver. 14.0을 이용하여 집단과 시기 간 상호작용의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 repeated two-way ANOVA를, 집단 내 운동 전?후는 paired t-test를 실시하였고, 집단 간은 변화율(% diff.)을 구하여 one-way ANOVA를 실시하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. WBC에서, 집단 내 비교에서 A그룹은 Neutrophil, Monocyte, Basophil, Eosinophil 모두 증가하였으나 Lymphocyte는 변화가 없었고, B그룹은 Eosinophil은 감소하였으나 Neutrophil, Lymphocyte, Monocyte, Basophil 모두 변화가 없었으며, 통제군은 Neutrophil, Basophil, Eosinophil은 감소하였으나 Lymphocyte와 Monocyte는 변화가 없었다. 집단 간 비교의 Neutrophil은 A그룹이 B그룹과 통제군보다 더 많이 증가하였고, Lymphocyte는 집단 간 차이가 없었으며, Monocyte는 A, B그룹이 통제군보다 많이 증가하였다. Basophil과 Eosinophil은 A그룹이 B그룹과 통제군보다 더 많이 증가하였다. Immunoglobin에서, 집단 내 비교에서 A그룹은 IgG는 증가하였으나 IgA와 IgM는 변화가 없었고, A그룹은 IgA는 증가하였으나 IgG는 감소하였고 IgM은 변화가 없었다. 통제군은 IgG은 감소하였으나 IgA와 IgM은 변화가 없었다. 집단 간 비교의 IgA는 A그룹이 통제군보다 증가하였고, IgG는 A그룹이 B그룹과 통제군보다 증가하였으나 IgM은 집단 간 차이가 없었다. 요약하면 세 집단 모두 운동프로그램 전?후의 WBC와 Ig 수준이 연령에 맞게 참고치 내의 수준에 머물렀지만 step aerobics를 RPE 15-17로 실시한 A그룹의 경우가 가장 많은 측정항목에서 증가를 보였고, 이 결과는 참고치 범위 내에서 면역기능의 항진을 보여주는 것으로 면역기능의 향상을 위한 step aerobics의 RPE 강도는 힘듦-매우 힘듦(15-17)의 수준으로 실시하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 생각된다. Out of the tenth graders of K girl's high school in J city, 24 students whose %fat was over 30% were divided into 3 groups through Purposing Sampling. Groups A and B were exercise groups and C was the control group. Using Borg's RPE (rating of perceived exertion), RPE 15-17 (hard-very hard) × 3 sets were set up for group A, RPE 11-13 (fairly light-somewhat hard) × 3 sets were set up for group B, and both groups performed step aerobics (step box: 68cm in length, 28㎝ in width, 15cm in hight, 450g in weight) for 50-60 minutes a day, 3 days a week for 8 weeks in total. This research was conducted to find out the effects of various RPE in step aerobics on the immunologic function (neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, basophil, IgG, IgA, and IgM levels) of overweight female high school students. By using SPSS Ver. 14.0, a repeated two-way ANOVA was conducted to find out the effects of interaction between the groups and time period, paired t-test to evaluate data within each group, and pre- and post experiment difference rates (%diff) to perform one-way ANOVA for group comparisons. The following results were found. As for WBC, within group A, neutrophil, monocyte, basophil, and eosinophil levels increased, while lymphocyte levels remained the same. Within group B, eosinophil levels decreased while neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, and basophil levels showed no differences. Within the control group, neutrophil, basophil, and eosinophil levels decreased while lymphocyte and monocyte levels showed no differences. As for the group comparisons, neutrophil levels increased more in group A than group B and the control group. There were no differences in lymphocyte levels among the three groups. Monocyte levels increased more in group A and B than the control group. Basophil and Eosinophil increased more in group A than group B and the control group. As for immunoglobin, within group A, the IgG level increased but the levels of IgA and IgM did not change. Within group B, the IgA level increased but the level of IgG decreased, and the level of IgM did not change. Within the control group, the IgG level decreased but the levels of IgA and IgM did not change. As for the group comparisons, the level of IgA increased more in group A than the control group, and the level of IgG increased more in group A than group B and the control group, but levels of IgM among the three groups did not show any difference. In summary, WBC and Ig levels showed that the three groups remained at the reference interval even after the exercise program. However, group A, which performed RPE 15-17 in step aerobics, showed increase in more measured items than the other groups, and this implies that the immunologic function has improved in the range of the reference intervals. Therefore, it will be effective to conduct step aerobics with the RPE 15-17 (hard-very hard) in order to increase the immunologic function.

Influence of Inquiry Frequency on Ratings of Perceived Exertion during Graded Exercise Testing

( Sung Hee Han ),( Mitchell H. Whaley ),( Leonard A. Kaminsky ) 한국스포츠정책과학원(구 한국스포츠개발원) 2001 International Journal of Applied Sports Sciences Vol.13 No.2

Procedures for use of the Borg rating of perceived exertion scale (RPE) during graded exercise testing (GXT) vary from inquiries made once per exercise stage to as frequently as every minute during the test. However, previous studies assessing the reliability of the scale during GXTs suggest that inquiry frequency may influence RPEs at fixed submaximal exercise levels. The purpose of this study was to further examine the effect of inquiry frequency on RPEs during maximal GXT on a treadmill (TM). Fifteen young men and women were randomly assigned to complete two GXTs within 48 hours using the standard Bruce protocol. RPE queries were made either once per stage (RPE-S) or once per minute (RPE-M). Heart rate, oxygen uptake, minute ventilation and respiratory exchange ratio were compared across GXTs at the end of each submaximal stage and peak exercise using repeated-measures ANOVA. No differences were observed between the GXTs for any physiological measures during submaximal or peak exercise. Peak RPEs were not different between the GXTs (19.1 ±0.9 vs. 19.0±0.7). However, RPEs were significantly higher (p<0.01) at each submaximal stage during the RPE-M condition. Oxygen uptakes at Bruce protocol stages I, II and III represented 40, 58 and 81 percent of VO2 peak, respectively, so RPE differences have practical implications at exercise intensities within the typical exercise training range. More frequent RPE inquiries may serve to reinforce an internal attentional focus during the exercise test and thus contribute to the higher RPEs. These data confirm that inquiry frequency can significantly influence submaximal RPE responses during GXTs and therefore, RPE inquiry methods should be standardized when data are collected for serial comparative purposes.

실크/PLGA 필름에서 실크 함량이 망막색소 상피세포의 부착 및 증식 거동에 미치는 영향

조은혜(Eun Hye Jo),김수진(Soo Jin Kim),조수진(Su Jin Cho),이가영(Ga Young Lee),김온유(On You Kim),이은용(Eun Yong Lee),조원형(Won Hyung Cho),이동원(Dong Won Lee),강길선(Gil Son Khang) 한국고분자학회 2011 폴리머 Vol.35 No.4

망막 조직공학을 위한 생체 재료는 기계적 안전성, 생체적합성, 낮은 분해속도 등을 포함하여 in vivo에서 잠재적인 유용성을 위한 몇 가지 중요한 특징이 입증되어야 한다. 실크 필름 생체재료는 이러한 기능적인 요구에 맞게 디자인되었다. 0, 10, 20, 40, 및 80 wt%의 실크가 함유된 천연/합성물질과 하이브리드화된 silk/PLGA 필름을 용매 증발법으로 제조하였다. 1, 2, 및 3일 후에 부착된 세포 수를 확인하기 위해 MTT 분석을 하였고 SEM을 통해 필름에 부착된 세포 모폴로지를 확인하였다. 또한, mRNA 발현정도를 알아보기 위해 retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) 세포의 프라이머인 RPE65를 사용하여 RT-PCR을 실시하였고 RPE 세포의 특정 단백질인 cytokeratin의 발현을 확인하고 세포의 증식을 비교하기 위해 면역화학염색을 실시하였다. 본 실험을 통해 실크/PLGA 필름에서 20∼40 wt%실크를 함유한 경우에 RPE 세포의 부착과 증식에 가장 좋은 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. Biomaterials for retinal tissue engineering must demonstrate several critical features for potential utility, including mechanical integrity, biocompatibility, and slow biodegradation. Silk film biomaterials were designed and characterized to meet these functional requirements. We prepared natural/synthetic hybrid silk/PLGA films using 0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 wt% of silk by a solvent evaporation method. MTT assay was used to confirm the number of cells attached on film at 1, 2, and 3 days, respectively. The morphology of cellular adhesion on films was also confirmed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). RT-PCR was conducted to confirm mRNA expression of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) using RPE65 as a RPEs marker and the expression of cytokeratin were determined by immunofluorescence staining. We confirmed that the silk/PLGA film of 20∼40 wt% silk was superior for the adhesion and proliferation of RPEs.

Anti-allergic Effects of Rose Petal Extract and Ganoderma lucidum Culture on Mast Cell-Mediated Allergy Model

Sang-Chul Kwon,Sunhee Shin,Jeong Hee Jeon,Dongsun Park,Min-Jung Jang,Jwa Jin Kim,Chang Hwan Kim,Jae-Hyun Jeong,Yun-Bae Kim 한국실험동물학회 2008 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.24 No.1

The effects of rose petal extract (RPE) and Ganoderma lucidum culture (GLC) on the systemic and local anaphylactic reactions induced by compound 48/80 were investigated in mice. To induce systemic anaphylactic shock, male ICR mice were intraperitoneally challenged with a lethal dose (8 ㎎/㎏) of compound 48/80, a mast cell degranulator, 30 min after intraperitoneal administration of RPE or GLC (10, 32 or 100 ㎎/㎏). In comparison with 100% death, within 60 min, of control mice administered with vehicle, the mortalities of mice pretreated with 32 and 100 ㎎/㎏ of RPE were decreased to 20 and 0%, respectively. A dose-dependent decrease in the mortality was also achieved with GLC, resulting in 60, 20 and 0% in mice pretreated with 10, 32 and 100 ㎎/㎏, respectively. In local atopic dermatitis induced by intradermal injection of compound 48/80 (50 ㎍/site), the mice exhibited 169.1±10.5 times of scratching behaviors for 30 min and vascular leakage of Evan's blue; 118.3±16.9 mm2 in size and 2.61±0.48 μg in amount. The scratching behaviors induced by compound 48/80 was significantly attenuated by 6-day oral pretreatment with RPE (300 ㎎/㎏) to 86.9±16.4 times. In addition, Evan's blue leakage was also greatly reduced by RPE. In contrast, GLC did not decrease both the number of scratching behaviors and dye leakage, implying that different factors other than histamine are also involved in the atopic dermatitis induced by compound 48/80. Taken together, it is suggested that RPE contains ingredients inhibiting degranulation or action of inflammatory mediators from mast cells, and that could be a promising candidate for the prevention of systemic or local allergic reactions including atopic dermatitis.

고강도 단시간운동에서 Active Rest의 형태에 따른 Lactate변화가 RPE에 의한 운동지속에 미치는 영향

서영환(Seo, Young-Hwan) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.4

In this study, while performing high-intensity exercise program with the same amount of exercise, it is divided into intensive type of general active rest (Intensive) and split type during exercise. The purpose of this study was to suggest a method for effective exercise fatigue control in high-intensity short-time exercise by comparing the change pattern of lactate and finding out how it affects exercise continuity through the score of the subjective exercise intensity scale RPE. The subjects of the study were 24 males in their 20s and 30s, divided into 12 I.G (Intensive Group) and 12 S.G (Split Group), and the changes in lactate and RPE were compared. As a result of the study, IG showed a statistically significant difference between 1st/2nd and 2nd/3rd (p<.001***), and SG showed a statistically significant difference between 1st/2nd and 2nd/3rd (p<.001***). Also, there was a significant static correlation between lactate and RPE at the 1st (p<.001***) and 2nd (p<.05*). Therefore, 1. In high-intensity short-time exercise, the intensive form of active rest showed an efficient decrease after a radical increase in lactate, and the split form showed a gradual improvement by suppressing the radical increase in lactate. 2. In high-intensity short-time exercise, the intensive form of Active Rest is judged to be impossible to continue exercise after a radical increase in lactate in terms of the RPE score. 3. In high-intensity short-time exercise, it was concluded that the split form of Active Rest is possible to continue exercise due to the gradual increase in lactate in terms of RPE score.

자연과학편 : 점증적 운동부하검사 결과와 하지 근지구력과의 관련성

김원현(WonHyunKim),김도윤(DoYounKim) 한국체육학회 2006 한국체육학회지 Vol.45 No.5

본 연구는 중거리 달리기 남자선수 10명을 대상으로 점증적 운동부하 검사 결과와 등속성 하지근지구력 및 근파워간의 관계분석을 통해 점증적 운동부하검사를 이용한 하지근지구력 평가 가능성을 알아보고자 운동단계별 두 검사결과간의 상관분석을 실시하였으며 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 슬관절 신근지구력이 슬관절 굴근지구력보다 총운동지속시간과 높은 정적상관성(p<.05)을 보였다. 둘째, 하지 신근지구력과 최대산소섭취량간 유의한 정적상관성이 있었다(p<.05). 셋째, GXT의 AT 단계 이후 신근지구력과 RPE-HR간 지속적으로 유의한 부적상관성이 있었다(p<.05). 이러한 결과를 통해 경사도 6%에서의 달리기에서는 슬관절 신근지구력이 높을수록 운동지속시간에 긍정적 영향을 주고 있으며 또한 수직경사도로 인해 국부피로가 유발될 경우 AT 시점 이후 RPE-심박수 차이를 통해 대상자의 하지신근파워 및 하지근지구력의 간접평가가 가능할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to research the relationship between GXT results and the muscular endurance of lower extremity by isokinetic exercise. For the purpose, 10 males middle running athletes attent this study. We measured muscular endurance of lower extremity and force factors by CYBEX 770 and the respiratory variables by GXT. For the production of local fatigue from subjects, we used KISS-M exercise protocol, which was composed of vertical grade, 6%. To estimate the muscular endurance of lower extremity through GXT, we analyzed correlation among the respiratory and isokinetic and RPE variables including difference between RPE and HR. As the first result, extensional endurance had more close correlation with the exercise duration(p<.05). The second, extensionally muscular endurance of lower extremity had significantly positive correlation with VO₂max(p<.05). The third, after AT stage extensional endurance had significantly negative correlation between RPE-HR. We concluded that if local fatigue by the vertical grade occurred, RPE-HR might indicate the extensionally muscular endurance and power level of lower extremity after AT stage.

조선소 용접작업 중 오존 및 TVOCs의 노출평가와 사용 호흡보호구의 적합성

한돈희,김동환 한국산업보건학회 2018 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.28 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the exposure to ozone and total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) generated during welding work at a shipyard and recommend respiratory protective equipment (RPE) adequate against these hazards. Method: Ozone was collected for about 30 minutes at two-minutes intervals using a direct reading instrument, specifically an ozone analyzer (Serinus 10, Ecotech, Australia). TVOCs were collected for about 30 minutes at three-minute intervals using a portable GC (Alpha 115, Synspec BV, the Netherlands), and were determined simultaneously by area sampling at the welding plume closest to the welder’s breathing zone. The total measurements were 162 for ozone (CO2 welding 47, TIG 60, stick 55), and 136 for TVOCs (CO2 65, TIG 50, stick 21). Based on these measurements, a literature survey was conducted to assess the adequacy of RPE. Results: Relative to Korean OEL, measurements above STEL 0.2 ppm were 23.4% for CO2, 63.3% for TIG and 14.5% for stick welding. There were significant differences (p=<0.0001) among welding types. Compared with ACGIH peak exposure of 0.4 ppm for ozone, which is not applied in Korea, CO2 welding exceeded it by 10.6%, TIG by 40.0% and stick by 7.3%. Although it was not feasible to compare them directly since there are no Korean OEL, TVOCs had very high levels similar to the concentrations before moving into a new apartment and about 10-20 times the indoor air quality recommendations for some individual measurements. Conclusions: As ozone removal RPE has been recommended in welding environments for a long time (Lunau, 1967), this fact was demonstrated based on the results of the on-site work environment measurements (ozone and TVOCs). In conclusion, for all welding at a shipyard, gas/vapor and particulate combination RPE are recommended. If this is not possible, it should at least be present for TIG welding.