Determining the optimal installation timing of building integrated photovoltaic systems

Kim, B.,Kim, K.,Kim, C. Butterworth-Heinemann, Ltd 2017 Journal of cleaner production Vol.140 No.3

Photovoltaic systems offer clean energy production and have the potential to meet future energy demands. As a decentralized power source, photovoltaic systems enhance the security of electricity supplies. One type of photovoltaic systems, building integrated photovoltaic systems, offer additional advantages beyond traditional photovoltaic systems as they do not require large swatches of land as they are integrated into existing buildings. Unfortunately, despite these benefits, uncertainty regarding future electricity prices make valuing photovoltaic systems difficult, which reduces their attractiveness. In scenarios with uncertainty in future electricity prices, investors have managerial flexibility in the form of deferring investment and considering various system sizes, which can affect and improve system valuations. Considering that variation in electricity prices can jeopardize the timely installation of an optimally sized photovoltaic system, the objective of this paper is to propose a real option framework to model the price of electricity and account for the value of managerial flexibility when valuing building integrated photovoltaic systems. A case study using the framework is conducted to calculate the net present value of a real-life building integrated photovoltaic project in Daejeon, South Korea. It was found that the optimal decision for would-be building integrated photovoltaic system owners is to wait to invest in building integrated photovoltaic systems when there are high levels of uncertainty in future electricity prices. This holds true even if the net present values for systems without options are positive. When applying this strategy to the apartment complex in the case study, it generated an option value of approximately $87,000.

A Review on Floating Photovoltaic Technology (FPVT)

Hasnain Yousuf,Muhammad Quddamah Khokhar,Muhammad Aleem Zahid,Jaeun Kim,김영국,조은철,조용현,이준신 한국태양광발전학회 2020 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.8 No.3

A novel energy production system which has fascinated a wide consideration because of its several benefits that are called floating photovoltaic technology (FPVT). The FPVT system that helps to minimize the evaporation of water as well as an increase in energy production. For the research purposes, both electrical and mechanical structure requires studying of these systems for the development of FPVT power plants. From different points of views, numerous researches have been directed on FPVT systems that have evaluated these systems. The present research article give a logical investigation and up to date review that shows the different features and components of FPVT systems as an energy production system is offered. This articles reviewing the FPVT that gets the attention of the scientists who have the investigational stage and involuntary inspection of FPVT systems in addition to influence of implementing these systems on the water surface. Also, a comprehensive comparison has been constructed that shows the cons and pros of various types of solar systems that could be installed in various locations. In this review, it has been found that solar energy on the roof of a dwelling house generally has a power of 5 to 20 kW, while the inhabitants of commercial buildings generally have a power of 100 kW or more. The average power capacity of a floating solar panel is 11% more of the average capacity of a solar panel installed on the ground. Studies show that 40% of the water in open reservoirs is lost through evaporation. By covering only 30% of the water surface, evaporation can be reduced by 49%. The global solar panel market exceeds 100 GW and the capacity of 104 GW will bring the annual growth rate to 6%. In 2018, the world's total photovoltaic capacity reached 512 GW, an increase of 27% compared to the total capacity and about 55% of the renewable resources newly created that come from photovoltaic systems. It has been also predicted by this review that in 2025 the Solar technology including the FPVT system will increase by 7.38% that is 485.4 GW more of today installed power worldwide.

수상태양광 발전시스템의 운영특성 및 설계요소에 관한 연구

김현한(Hyun-Han Kim),김광호(Kwang-Ho Kim) 대한전기학회 2017 전기학회논문지 Vol.66 No.10

The floating photovoltaic system is a new concept in the renewable energy technology. That is similar to land based photovoltaic technology except floating system. So the system needs buoyant objects, mooring, ect, besides modules and supports, and that is able to withstand in water level changes and wind strength. Therefore the floating photovoltaic system is much different from land photovoltaic system. K-water (Korea Water Resources Corporation) has been operating two floating photovoltaic system that"s capacity is 100 ㎾ and 500 ㎾ respectively since in summer 2011 for commercial generation, and have construction project for 2,000 ㎾ in Boryeong multipurpose Dam and other areas. Furthermore K-water was developing a tracking-type floating photovoltaic system at Daecheong multipurpose Dam and developed and installed an ocean floating photovoltaic demonstration plant at Sihwa Lake in October 2013 for R&D. In this paper, we introduce that structure of floating photovoltaic system include buoyant structure, mooring system and auxiliary device. Especially the rope which is in part of mooring should be always maintain tension under any water level. Also we explain about structure design concept to wind load in an every loading condition and a kind of structure materials and PV structure types used in water environment. Especially ocean floating PV system is affected by tidal current and typhoon. So there are considering the elements in design. Finally we compare with floating and land photovoltaic on power amount. As a result of that we verified the floating photovoltaic system is more about 6.6~14.2 % efficiency than a general land photovoltaic system.

확률론적 의사결정기법을 이용한 태양광 발전 시스템의 고장검출 알고리즘

조현철,이관호,Cho, Hyun-Cheol,Lee, Kwan-Ho 한국융합신호처리학회 2011 융합신호처리학회 논문지 (JISPS) Vol.12 No.3

태양광 발전 시스템의 고장검출은 고장으로 인해 발생되는 기술적 및 경제적 손실을 최대한 줄이기 위한 첨단 기술로 각광을 받고 있다. 본 논문은 푸리에 신경회로망과 확률론적 의사결정법을 이용한 태양광 발전 시스템의 새로운 고장진단 알고리즘을 제안한다. 우선 태양광 시스템의 동적 모델링을 위하여 최급강하 기반 최적화 기법을 통해 신경회로망 모델을 구성하며 GLRT 알고리즘을 이용하여 태양광 시스템의 확률론적 고장검출 기법을 제안한다. 제안한 고장검출 알고리즘의 타당성 검증을 위하여 태양광 고장검출 테스트베드를 제작하여 실시간 실험을 실시하였으며 이 때 태양광으로부터의 신호는 직류 전력선 통신을 이용하였다. Fault detection technique for photovoltaic power systems is significant to dramatically reduce economic damage in industrial fields. This paper presents a novel fault detection approach using Fourier neural networks and stochastic decision making strategy for photovoltaic systems. We achieve neural modeling to represent its nonlinear dynamic behaviors through a gradient descent based learning algorithm. Next, a general likelihood ratio test (GLRT) is derived for constructing a decision malling mechanism in stochastic fault detection. A testbed of photovoltaic power systems is established to conduct real-time experiments in which the DC power line communication (DPLC) technique is employed to transfer data sets measured from the photovoltaic panels to PC systems. We demonstrate our proposed fault detection methodology is reliable and practicable over this real-time experiment.

단축 및 양축 위치추적에 따른 태양광발전시스템의 출력에 관한 연구

김현철(Hyun-Chul Kim),김창규(Chang-Kyu Kim) 산업기술교육훈련학회 2011 산업기술연구논문지 (JITR) Vol.16 No.1

Photovoltaic system is easier to operate and maintain than the other power generating system since it generally contains no moving parts, operate silently and require very little maintenance. In order to increase the efficiency of Photovoltaic system, it is generally used three methods just like increasing the efficiency of solar cell, energy conversion system included maximum power point(MPPT) control algorithm and using sun tracking system. Photovoltaic power systems convert sunlight directly into electricity. A residential PV power system enables a homeowner to generate some or all of their daily electrical energy demand on their own roof, exchanging daytime excess power for future energy needs. Nowaday, the efficiency of solar cell is maximum 24[%], but it pulls up a unit coast in electrical generation system to increase the efficiency of a cell. In this paper, it is proposed solar tracking system, the system designed as the normal line of the solar cell always runs parallel the ray of the sun. The fixing and tracking photovoltaic system were compared with experimental method.

다습환경 태양광발전시스템 안전성 평가

윤용호 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2019 한국인터넷방송통신학회 논문지 Vol.19 No.2

The floating photovoltaic system is a new concept in the renewable energy technology. That is similar to land based photovoltaic technology except floating system. So the system needs buoyant objects, mooring, ect, besides modules and supports, and that is able to withstand in water level changes and wind strength. Therefore the floating photovoltaic system is much different from land photovoltaic system. Unlike land-based photovoltaics developed on the rooftop and in the mountains of buildings, The floating photovoltaic power generation is a new concept in power generation technology in which photovoltaic modules are installed using buoyancy on the surfaces of dams and reservoirs. It is abundant enough to construct a power plant with a power generation potential of about 5% and a power generation capacity of 4,170MW, so that the land can be efficiently used without destroying the environment. In this paper, the technical standard for evaluating safety in addition to the water-state photovoltaic power generation system is not established yet, and the items to be considered for standardization of the water-state photovoltaic power generation system are summarized in this paper. 수상태양광발전 시스템은 건물옥상이나 산지 등에 개발되는 육상 태양광 발전과는 달리 주로 댐이나 저수지 등수면위에 부력체를 이용하여 태양광 모듈을 설치하는 새로운 개념의 발전기술로서 국내 저수지 수면의 약 5 % 정도만 활용하다라도 약 4,170 ㎿ 규모의 발전시설 건설이 가능할 만큼 개발 잠재량이 풍부하여 환경에 대한 훼손이 없이 국토의 효율적이용이 가능한 장점이 있다. 그러나 육상과 달리 수면위에서 태양광 발전을 하기 위해서는 부력체를 이용하여 모듈 등 발전시설을 수면 위에 설치하여야 하며, 이와 더불어 수위 및 유속의 변동 등에도 안정적으로 시설을 유지할 수 있는 기술이요구된다. 이러한 수상태양광발전 시스템에 추가적으로 안전성을 평가할 수 있는 기술기준이 현재 정립이 되어 있지 않으며본 논문을 통해 수상태양광발전 시스템의 표준화를 위해 고려할 사항들을 정리하였다.

수광효율 및 설치면적에 기반한 수직형 태양광발전시스템의 비교 분석

김기철,오민석,한규홍,류성룡 한국건축친환경설비학회 2022 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.16 No.1

This paper proposed the tower-type photovoltaic power generation system with a vertical structure to reduce solar installation area. And, when the vertical photovoltaic power generation system was applied, we analyzed light-receiving efficiency, solar installation area and system generation capacity. We predicted solar power generation using the PVsyst 7.2 simulation program to present the validity of the vertical photovoltaic power generation system. Based on this, the savings effect on the installation area was analyzed compared to the horizontal photovoltaic power generation system of the same capacity. As a result, the vertical photovoltaic power generation system can greatly reduce the solar installation area of the photovoltaic power generation facility and increase solar power generation per installation area

建築物에 적용된 태양광발전시스템의 經濟性 評價에 관한 硏究

김주영,홍원화,이지희 대한건축학회 2006 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.5

Today, the need for alternative energy has increased due to the global environmental problems and energy depletion. In order to solve a global environmental matter and an energy issue simultaneously, the application of the renewable energies in building has been constantly demanded. Therefore, we must develop new energy resources that are abundant and provide substitutes for fossil fuels and we must study the application method of the renewable energies in building. Among renewable energies, the solar energy(photovoltaic system) is clean, inexhaustible, and available everywhere in the world and is judged to have the application possibility in building. Daegu city has a plan of putting a photovoltaic system on large buildings. For instance, EXCO(Exhibition and Convention building) and dormitory in K University, D elementary school, Osan building in KM University, H building in Daegu, are on the process of having a photovoltaic system. Therefore a study on the performance of photovoltaic system is important for the system design and maintenance. this paper describes the first invest cost, and performance test of the 95㎾ utility-interactive photovoltaic power system.

Improvement of generation capacity per unit site area by the optimization of photovoltaic array

김의환(Kim, Eui Hwan) 한국신재생에너지학회 2011 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.05

A photovoltaic system is getting the spotlight for a environment-friendly energy source. But its location is limited because a lot of land is necessary for photovoltaic arrays. Nevertheless, its dissemination is rapidly increasing more than 40 % every year and exceeded about 400 MW in 2009. The radical growth of a photovoltaic system aggravated a lack of sites, so that forests and farmland were destroyed. It is demanded to make use of a vacant lot or little piece of land for the way to solve the lack of sites and improve the location requirements for a photovoltaic system. General photovoltaic arrays are consist of a single layer structure and needs enough separation distances to maximize the amount of solar radiation and to eliminate influences by the shadow of other arrays. So that a large amount of land is required for the site. The solar cell arrays with long separation distances can not be placed in a small vacant lot and its site application efficiency is low. This study optimized photovoltaic arrays as multilayered structure with movable sleeves for the efficient photovoltaic in a small site. The existing photovoltaic arrays with a single layer structure were fixed or tracking systems. In this experimental equipment, photovoltaic arrays attached to the multilayers have rectilinear movement and rotary motion using sleeves. Therefore, shadow influences were removed and the generation capacity was improved. On the simulation result, generation increased by about 30% in the same site considering shadow influences and so on.

추적식 수상 태양광 발전 시스템 성능 분석

양연원(Yoen Won Yang),정선옥(Seon Ok Jeong),신현우(Hyun Woo Shin),이길송(Kil Song Lee) 한국태양광발전학회 2013 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.1 No.2

The Floating Photovoltaic System was installed on the surface of water. There were some researches in this subject. But there was not many studies with experiment on a high waterproof Floating Photovoltaic modules. The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of the Floating Photovoltaic System. For this experiment, a high waterproof Floating Photovoltaic modules were designed and applied to the module capacity of 10 kW Tracking-Type structure. The experiment results indicated the performance of the daily production is 51.6 kW; the production capacity of Floating Photovoltaic System is expected to be 23% higher than that of the ground-mounted photovoltaic system.