Optimization of Intense Pulsed Light Sintering Considering Dimensions of Printed Cu Nano/Micro-paste Patterns for Printed Electronics

Yong-Rae Jang,Chung-Hyeon Ryu,Yeon-Taek Hwang,김학성 한국정밀공학회 2021 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.8 No.2

An intense pulsed light (IPL) was irradiated for the sintering of screen-printed copper (Cu) nano/micro-paste patterns on a polyimide substrate. The pattern widths and intervals affect the sintering behavior owing to the opto-thermal relationship during IPL irradiation. The temperature histories of the patterns during the IPL sintering process were predicted using a selfdeveloped heat transfer simulation program. By comparing the experimental and simulation results, the tendency according to the size of the Cu pattern was confirmed. At the same IPL irradiation energy, the wider the pattern and the narrower the interval between the patterns, the higher the heat generated. To demonstrate the tendency, in situ resistance monitoring of the Cu patterns was conducted and their microscopic structures were investigated using a scanning electron microscope. Through the tendency of IPL sintering according to the widths and intervals of the Cu pattern, guidelines of IPL sintering process for electrodes with multi-size pattern were suggested: A dummy pattern was added between the existing digitizer patterns to achieve uniform sintering in all regions. When IPL sintering was conducted with the dummy patterns, the uniformly sintered line resistance could be obtained in entire areas of the digitizer pattern.

골격성 Ⅲ 급 부정교합자의 치열궁 폭경에 관한 연구

이해경,손우성 대한치과교정학회 2002 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.32 No.2

본 연구는 전후방적인 부조화가 폭경에 영향을 미치는지 알기 위해 Ⅰ급 정상교합군과 Ⅲ급 부정교합군을 비교하였고, Ⅲ급 부정교합군내에서 수직적인 부조화가 폭경에 영향을 미치는지 알기 위해 Hyperdivergent군과 Neutral군으로 나누어 폭경의 차이를 비교하였다. 부산대학교병원 치과교정과에 내원한 골격성 Ⅲ급(ANB<0°) 부정교합자 중 측모 두부방사선 계측사진상에서 하악 평면각(SN-Mandibular plane; 정상인의 평균 32 ± 5°)이 1.5 SD이상(39.5°이상)인 환자 37명(남자 18명, 여자 19명)을 hyperdivergent군(Group B)으로, 하악 평면각이 정상치의 0.5 SD 이내인(32 ± 2.5°) 40명(남자 20명, 여자 20명)을 neutral군(Group C)으로 분류하였고 11개의 치과대학 교정과에서 선별한 정상교합과 정상적인 안모를 가진 성인 24) 중 41명(남자 20명, 여자 21명)을 정상교합군(Group A)으로 하여 이 세 군을 대상으로 연구하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합군내에서 수직적인 양상에 따른 폭경 비율은 유의할 만한 차이가 없었다. 2. 정상교합군과 Ⅲ급 부정교합군의 상, 하악 기저골에 대한 치아간 폭경 비율의 비교에서 상악에서는 Ⅲ급 부정교합군의 비율이 더 컸고(p<0.001), 하악에서는 제 1대구치 부분을 제외한 모든 항목에서 Ⅲ급 부정교합군의 비율이 작아서(p<0.001) Ⅲ급 부정교합군이 정상교합군에 비해 기저골에 대해 상악 치아가 더 협측으로 경사되고, 제1대구치를 제외하고 기저골에 대해 하악 치아가 설측 경사되어 횡적인 치성보상이 잘 되어 있는 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 3. 정상교합군과 Ⅲ급 부정교합군의 상악에 대한 하악의 치아간 폭경 비율의 비교에서 모든 부분에서 유의할 만한 차이가 없었다. 4. 정상교합군과 Ⅲ급 부정교합군의 상악에 대한 하악의 기저골 폭경 비율의 비교에서 모든 부위에서 Ⅲ급 부정교합군이 정상교합군보다 더 커서(p<0.0001) Ⅲ급 부정교합군의 상악 기저골 폭경이 하악보다 더 좁게 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to compare the arch width of the hyperdivergent group with that of the neutral group in Class Ⅲ malocclusion based on the vertical patterns and to compare the arch width of Class Ⅲ neutral group with that of normal occlusion group based on sagittal patterns. The subjects consisted of 118 pairs of study casts, divided into three groups ; 37 Class Ⅲ hyperdivergent group(18 males and 19 females, SN-Mn plan angle>39.5°), 40 Class Ⅲ neutral group(20 males and 20 females, SN-Mn plane angle : 32 ± 2.5°) and 41 Class Ⅰ normal occlusion group(20 males and 21 females). The intercanine, interpremolar, and intermolar width of the maxillary and mandibular study casts were measured, then the ratios of dental width to basal width and mandibular width to maxillary width were obtained. Basal arch width and dental arch width were measured to obtain the pure basal arch relation in transverse plane as ruled out the transverse dental compensation. The results were as follows 1. There were no significant differences in any ratios between Class Ⅲ hyperdivergent group and Class Ⅲ neutral group as different vertical pattern. 2. As the ratios of dental arch width to basal arch width between normal occlusion group and Class Ⅲ neutral group were compared, the maxillary teeth flared buccally to the basal bone, and the mandibular teeth tilted lingually to the basal bone in Class Ⅲ neutral group. 3. The ratios of mandibular arch width to maxillary arch width in basal arch level were significantly different in all regions. Maxillary basal arch width of Class Ⅲ neutral group was narrower than that of normal occlusion group. 4. The ratios of mandibular arch width to maxillary arch width in teeth level were not significantly different between normal occlusion group and Class Ⅲ neutral group. In spite of discrepancies of maxillary and mandibular basal arch width, the dental arch width of Class Ⅲ malocclusion group compensated very well. At the presurgical orthodontic treatment in clinic, it would not be desirable to decompensate for compensated dental arch width too much, for obtaining an appropriate arch compatibility and good results for orthognathic surgery.

Flashlight Sintering Characteristics of the Inkjet-Printed Nanosized Copper Ink on an Auxiliary Heated Paper Substrate

Sungjun Choi,Yong-Rae Jang,Hak-Sung Kim,Caroline Sunyong Lee 한국정밀공학회 2024 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.11 No.2

The flashlight sintering characteristics of inkjet-printed nanosized copper ink on paper substrates with varying pattern widths and intervals were studied. The copper nano particles (CNPs) synthesized using vapor self-assembled multilayer (VSAM) method to prevent oxidation, were produced with ink and patterned on a paper substrate through inkjet printing. The width and interval of the Cu patterns were varied from 350 to 550 μm to investigate the flashlight sintering tendency. It was confirmed that the Cu pattern resistivity decreased as the width of the Cu pattern increased, with decreasing interval between the Cu patterns. For the Cu pattern with the largest width and narrowest interval, the lowest specific resistivity was 6.43 × 10–6 Ω∙m. For auxiliary heating at 80 °C, the lowest resistivity of the Cu pattern was 7.10 × 10–6 Ω∙m with improved adhesion to the substrate, and this resistivity was 6.2 times lower than that without auxiliary heating. The temperature gradient of the CNP pattern during the flashlight sintering process was predicted using custom made simulation program. Therefore, the experiments and simulations confirmed that the wider the width and the narrower the interval between patterns, the flashlight sintering characteristics improved through higher heat generation by minimizing heat spreading.

Spray Pattern Analysis for a Centrifugal Fertilizer Distributor with Two Shutter Holes

Seok-Joon Hwang(황석준),Jeong-Hyeon Park(박정현),Ju-Yeon Lee(이주연),Ki-Duck Kim(김기덕),Beom-Soo Shin(신범수),Ju-Seok Nam(남주석) 한국기계가공학회 2019 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.18 No.10

In this study, the spray pattern of a centrifugal fertilizer distributor with two shutter holes was analyzed and an effective driving width that satisfies proper spray uniformity was derived. The centrifugal fertilizer distributor was mounted on a tractor with a rated power of 23.7 kW and static and dynamic spray pattern tests were performed according to the standard procedure proposed by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers Standard ASAE S341.5. The height of the fertilizer distributor was 80 cm from the ground and the PTO (power take-off) shaft speed of the tractor was fixed at 540 rpm. The fertilizer scattered in space was collected using 275 evenly spaced collectors at shutter opening ratios of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The spray pattern was analyzed via the amount of sprayed fertilizer at each collector location and the coefficient of variation was used as an indicator of spray uniformity. Using the analyzed spray pattern, the effective driving width that satisfied less than 15% of the coefficient of variation was derived for different tractor driving patterns (race track mode, back and forth mode). From the results, spray uniformity increased as the shutter opening ratio decreased. The largest effective driving width was 8 m at a shutter opening ratio of 25% for both driving patterns.

체크패턴의 폭과 색채조합에 따른 넥타이의 감성이미지 연구

최수경 ( Su Koung Choi ),정수진 ( Su Jin Jung ),성남숙 ( Nam Suk Sung ) 한국감성과학회 2009 감성과학 Vol.12 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 체크패턴의 폭과 색채조합에 따른 넥타이의 감성이미지를 알아보는 데 있었다. 본 연구에 사용된 실험도구는 체크문양의 폭(소: 0.2㎝, 중: 1㎝, 대: 2㎝), 색조조합(유사: 하양+밝은, 반대: 하양+어두운), 색상조합(WR: 하양+빨강, WB: 하양+파랑, WG: 하양+회색)으로 만든 총 18개의 사진 자극물과 체크넥타이의 감성이미지를 평가하기 위해 의미미분척도를 사용하였다. 피험자는 경남에 거주하는 여대생 216명을 대상으로, 조사는 2009년 9월에 실시되었다. 자료분석은 SPSS프로그램을 사용하여 변량분석과 Duncan-test를 실시하였다. 그 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 체크패턴의 폭과 색채조합에 따른 넥타이의 감성이미지를 요인분석한결과 매력성, 젊음, 현시성, 품위성, 온유성의 5가지 차원으로 도출되었다. 폭은 현시성 차원에서, 색조조합은 매력성, 현시성, 품위성, 온유성 차원에서 독립적인 영향을 미쳤으며, 이 두 변인 간에는 서로 상호작용하여 매력성 차원에 유의적인 영향을 미쳤다. 색상조합은 감성이미지의 모든 차원에서 독립적인 영향을 나타내었다. 또한 색상조합은 폭과 상호작용하여 매력성, 젊음, 현시성, 품위성 차원에 유의적인 영향을 미쳤고, 색조조합과 상호작용하여서도 매력성, 젊음, 현시성 차원에 두드러진 단서로 작용하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensibility image of necktie according to width and color combination of checked pattern. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 18 color pictures, in which the width(small: 0.2㎝, medium: 1㎝, large: 2㎝), tone combination(similar, contrast), and hue combination(WR: white+red, WB: white+blue, WG: white+gray) were manipulated. The 7-point scale was used for evaluation of sensibility image. The subjects of this research were 216 female college students living in Gyeongnam. The investigation was carried out at September 2009. The data were analyzed by using SPSS program. Analysis methods were ANOVA and Duncan-test. The results of this study were as follows.; The analyses of sensibility for necktie according to width and color combination of checked pattern revealed that the concerned factors are five characteristic dimensions of attractiveness, youth, appeal, elegance, and warmness. Width showed an independent effect on appeal. Tone combination showed an independent effect on attractiveness, appeal, elegance, and warmness. Interaction effects of width and tone combination on attractiveness were found. Hue combination showed an independent effect on all dimensions. In addition, significant interaction effects of width and hue combination on attractiveness, youth, appeal, and elegance were found. Significant interaction effects of tone combination and hue combination on attractiveness, youth, and appeal were found.

Micro-scale Grooved Crosshatch Pattern의 각도 및 폭에 따른 실험적 미끄럼마찰특성

채영훈(Young-Hun Chae),김석삼(Seock-Sam Kim) 한국기계가공학회 2011 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.10 No.2

The current study investigated the friction property of angle and width effect for micro-scale grooved crosshatch pattern on SKD11 steel surface against bearing steel using pin-on-disk type. The samples fabricated by photolithography process and then these are carry out the electrochemical etching process. We discuss the friction property due to the influence of a hatched-angle and a width of groove on contact surface. We could be explained the lubrication mechanism for a Stribeck curve. So It was found that the friction coefficient depend on an angle of the crosshatch on contact surface. It was thus verified that micro-scale crosshatch grooved pattern could affect the friction reduction. Also, it is play an important a width of groove to be improved the friction property. I was found that friction property has a relationship between a width and an angle for micro-grooved pattern.

착지동작에서 착지높이, 양발간격, 디딤형태가 하지분절에 미치는 영향

신제민(Shin, Jaemin) 한국사회체육학회 2022 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.- No.87

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the kinematics and kinematic changes of the lower extremity in the landing height, landing stand width, and foot contact patterns, and to reveal the relationship between these factors and lower extremity injuries. Method: The subjects of this study were nine male college students. The experimental task was to perform drop landing with both feet on the jump platform. The landing procedures were to land in accordance with the conditions of the landing height (30, 50cm), the landing stand width (narrow, wide), and foot contact patterns(flatfoot, forefoot). Three-dimensional cinematography was performed to analyze the ground reaction force, loading rate, angle, moment, and joint stiffness of the lower extremity. Results: The peak vertical ground reaction force increased when the landing height was increased, but the loading rate did not differ in all factors. As the landing height was increased, flexion and abduction of the hip joint increased, and the extension moment of the hip joint increased at the same time. As the landing stand width increased, abduction of the hip joint and inversion of the ankle joint increased. The change in foot contact pattern resulted in differences in all factors except hip flexion angle, and in particular, increased plantar flexion moment along with dorsiflexion of the ankle joint during forefoot contact. Finally, there was no difference in joint stiffness of the lower extremity in all conditions. Conclusion: The landing height affected the hip and knee joints, but the ankle joint was affected by the foot contact patterns. An increase in ankle plantar flexion moment during forefoot contact could be considered an effective feature to reduce lower extremity injuries. The landing stand width resulted in opposite anatomical characteristics in the hip and ankle joints, and further studies are likely to be needed to clarify the results related to this factor.

STI-CMP공정에서 표면특성에 미치는 패턴구조 및 슬러리 종류의 효과

이훈(Hoon Lee),임대순(Dae-Soon Lim),이상익(Sang-Ick Lee) 한국트라이볼로지학회 2002 한국트라이볼로지학회 학술대회 Vol.35 No.-

Recently, STI(Shallow Trench Isolation) process has attracted attention for high density of semiconductor device as a essential isolation technology. In this paper, the effect of pattern density, trench width and selectivity of slurry on dishing in STI CMP process was investigated by using specially designed isolation pattern. As trench width increased, the dishing tends to increase. At 20㎛ pattern size, the dishing was decreased with increasing pattern density. Low selectivity slurry shows less dishing at over 160㎛ trench width, whereas high selectivity slurry shows less dishing at below 160㎛ trench width.

폭 변화를 고려한 제지 공정의 최적 생산 계획 수립

김동훈,정연수,여영구,문일 한국화학공학회 2002 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.40 No.5

본 연구에서는 제지 공정에서 발생하는 파지를 최소화 하기 위한 방법으로 처음으로 원료 롤의 최대 폭을 패턴화하는 방법을 도입하였다. 이 방법은 제지 공정에서 사용하던 기존의 경험에 의존해왔던 방법과는 달리 수학적인 방법을 사용하여 발생하는 파지의 양을 최소화 하는 동시에 수요자의 요구에 맞게 최적의 생산 일정을 계획하는 방법을 제시한 것이다. 먼저 파지 손실(trim loss)을 고려한 문제를 수학적으로 모델링하고, 이 수식을 이용하여 파지 손실을 더욱 효과적으로 줄이기 위하여 원료 종이 롤의 최대 폭을 패턴화하는 방법을 도입하여 재수식화(reformulation)하였다. 이러한 개념을 MINLP(Mixed-Integer Non-Linear Programming) 형태로 수학적으로 수식화한 후에 이 모델에서 나타난 쌍일차성(bilinearity)을 해결하기 위하여 파라미터화 방법을 적용하여 MINLP의 복잡한 형태를 MILP(Mixed-Integer Linear Programming)로 단순화 시켰다. 본 연구의 특징은 제지 공정에서 파지 손실을 효과적으로 줄이는 것과 수요자의 요구에 맞는 최적의 생산 일정 계획을 수립하는 것에 대해, 재단 공정에서 폭의 변화에 따른 수학적 모델을 이용한 최적의 생산 일정을 계획하기 위한 방법을 제시하였다. This paper focuses on the new developed MILP model for the optimal scheduling of the sheet cutting process considering the width-pattern change. This study uses a mathematical model in scheduling a paper mill process, differing from generally used heuristic methods. This method minimizes the amount of trim loss produced during the processing and produces optimal paper mill processing schedules to meet user's demands. First, mathematical modelling considering trim loss is carried out. Next, using the formula, reformulation is done by introducing methods to patternize maximum width of raw paper reel to reduce trim loss effectively. After the mathematical formulation of this concept in the form of MINLP, the parameterization method is applied to simplify the complex form of MINLP to MILP in order to solve the bilinearity created in this model. This study introduces an effective method to reduce trim loss in paper mill processing and to set an optimal scheduling which meet user's demands by using a mathematical model considering the width-pattern change in the cutting process.

셔츠 칼라 패턴에 따른 시각적 이미지 연구

김경희(Kim Kyung-Hee),김미영(Kim Mi-Young),이현정(LEE Hyun-Jung) 한복문화학회 2010 韓服文化 Vol.13 No.3

This study aims at examining the image changes according to the collar width and angle, which are elements that make up the visual image of shirt collars with stands that are the most commonly worn. By making it possible to predict the shape and image of the shirt color that is to be completed in the pattern, its goal is to provide essential reference for production of clothes and development of patterns. The method for research included organization of shirt collar patterns according to each research problem and a total of nine test clothes. The image assessment of completed test clothes was evaluated by using adjective semantic differential scale for a total of 140 men and women. Information analysis was performed statistically using SPSS 12.0. This study explains the changes of images depending on the changes of shirt collar constituents and helps predict the style and image of completed collars at the time of patterning in order to improve the efficiency of shirt production companies and is also expected to provide useful information for shirt collar pattern development.