EN 15193 알고리즘 기반 자연채광 영향 인자에 따른 조명에너지소요량 절감 효과 분석

심소희,임수현,박성중 한국건축친환경설비학회 2024 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.4

Currently, systems that uses natural lighting to replace lighting is being developed, and energy calculations that take this into account is necessary to analyze effect. However, the energy analysis program ECO2, which is used in building energy evaluation in Korea, does not reflect natural lighting when calculating lighting energy. EN 15193-1: 2017 specifies the method of analyzing lighting energy reflecting natural lighting, so the analysis was conducted based on the algorithm. First, after establishing the natural lighting variable in the algorithm, different input values were set according to the conditions of the variable. And the result was derived through the simulation using Relux, a lighting energy analysis program that reflects the EN 15193 algorithm. After confirming the effect of natural lighting on energy calculation through the result, the degree to which each variable contributes to the final result was additionally analyzed. Multiple regression analysis was conducted with the SPSS program as a method, and through this, priorities between variables were derived. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the influence was high in the order of window area ratio, shade coefficient, merchant room height, glass light transmittance, shading, and dimming. As a result of confirming how natural lighting variables are applied in the algorithm and their influence, natural lighting must be reflected in the review of lighting energy consumption.

통합 채광시스템의 건물 냉난방 에너지 성능평가

김정태,안현태,김곤,Kim, Jeong-Tai,Ahn, Hyun-Tae,Kim, Gon 한국조명전기설비학회 2005 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.19 No.6

건물 내에 존재하는 자연광은 조명원으로 국한되지 않고 시각적, 심리적 자극을 통한 실내 환경의 질적 향상에 이르기까지 에너지절약 및 공간의 쾌적성에 큰 영향을 미친다. 유입되는 자연광량에 비례적으로 연동되는 건물에너지는 전기조명에너지를 절감시키고 난방 기간동안 일사열의 유입에 따른 난방에너지를 절감시킨다. 여름철에는 전기조명의 소등으로 인한 조명원의 발열량이 감소됨으로써 냉방부하의 감소에 이르기까지 포괄적인 영향을 미친다. 조명개발분야의 선진국에서는 에너지 절약형 광원의 대체와 아울러 자연채광과 통합된 최적 조명제어 기술의 운용만이 건물이 가지고 있는 에너지 절약의 잠재력을 현실화시킬 수 있다고 판단하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 일반적인 사무소 모델 공간의 에너지 절약형 인공조명을 대상으로 자연광 유입에 따른 연동적 조명제어 기법을 적용하는 경우를 대상으로, 인공조명의 소등량에 따른 조명에너지의 절감량과 이에 수반되는 냉방에너지의 점감량 및 일사열 취즉에 따른 겨울철 난방 부하 절감량을 분석함으로써 자연채광의 건물에너지에 대한 연간 기여도를 통합 분석하였다. 특히 자연채광의 성능은 실험을 통한 측정 데이터를 이용하고 에너지 해석 프로그램을 재구성하여 실질적인 절감량을 도출하도록 시도하였다. The quantity of light available for a space can be translated in term of the amount of energy savings through a process of a building energy simulation. To get significant energy savings in general illumination, the electric lighting system must be incorporated with a daylight - activated dimmer control. A prototype configuration of an once interior has been established and the integration between the building envelope and lighting and HVAC systems is evaluated based on computer modeling of a lighting control facility. First of all, an energy-efficient luminaire system is designed and the lighting analysis program, Lumen-Micro 2000 predicts the optimal layout of a conventional fluorescent lighting future to meet the designed lighting level and calculates unit power density, which translates the demanded met of electric lighting energy. A dimming control system integrated with the contribution of daylighting has been applied to the operating of the artificial lighting. Annual cooling load due to lighting and the projecting saving amount of cooling load due to daylighting under overcast diffuse sky m evaluated by computer software ENER-Win. In brief, the results from building energy simulation with measured daylight illumination levels and the performance of lighting control system indicate that daylighting can save over 70 percent of the required energy for general illumination in the perimeter zones through the year A 25[%] of electric energy for cooling and almost all off heating energy may be saved by dimming and turning off the luminaires in the perimeter zones.

주광(晝光) 대등형 가변조명(可變照明) 제어설비의 적용 및 통합성능

김정태,김곤,Kim, Jeong-Tai,Kim, Gon 한국조명전기설비학회 2006 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.20 No.2

에너지 절약형 광원의 대체와 아울러 최적 운용 기술의 개발만이 건축조명부분에 대한 에너지 절약의 잠재력을 현실화 시킬 수 있다고 판단된다. 광원의 효율을 향상시키는 것은 기술적인 한계와 많은 개발시간이 요구되는 반면에 조명제어의 최적화 기술은 많은 기술이 개발되어 사용되고 있는 상황이므로, 보다 지능적이고 복합적인 시스템 차원에서 효율을 높이기 위한 노력들이 이루어지고 있다. 특히 상업용 건물이나 사무소건물에 있어 고효율 형광등과 전자식 안정기의 도입이후에 에너지 절감방안의 대표적인 것은 조명제어라고 인식하고 있다. 본 연구에서 분석한 일반적인 사무소 공간의 경우, 주광과 인공조명을 통합제어할 때 담천공 조건에서 소등할 수 있는 주광의 유효 입사 거리는 창측에서 약 4[m]에서부터, 시간대에 따라 5[m]에 이르는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 실내에 설치된 인공 조명기구의 약 60[%] 이상이 소등될 수 있어 동일한 비율의 조명 에너지가 절감될 수 있는 잠재력을 나타낸다. 입사각과 태양광량의 상호 보완적 특성으로 인하여 주간 내내 일정한 주광의 유효거리가 확보되는 것으로 나타났다. 계절별 소등라인축의 이동범위는 실내에서 자연의 변화를 느끼게 해주는 정도의 바람직한 것으로 허용될 수 있을 것이며, 자연광에 가까운 광색을 가진 광원을 사용함으로써 쾌적한 조명을 유지할 수 있을 것이다. To reduce costs and address other practical concern related to architectural lighting, we have been involved in various aspects of advanced daylighting design and control. If we look toward future building trends, we see that the advanced has already successfully deployed such complex lighting control systems. This paper takes a broad view of what advanced manufacturers have done to develop energy efficient lighting control technologies such as sensors, lumen maintenance, time of day scheduling, peak demand reduction and so forth. First of all strategies, daylighting controls would also need to be commissioned to respond to the specific daylighting signature of the zone. To translate the daylight in term of the amount of energy savings, an electric lighting system is designed and automatic on-off control system integrated with the contribution of daylighting has been applied to the operating of the artificial lighting. The lighting analysis program, Lumen-Micro predicts the optimal layout of conventional fluorescent and incandescent lighting fixtures to meet the designed lighting level and calculates unit power density, which translates the demanded amount of lighting energy.

Effect of LED lighting on the cooling and heating loads in office buildings

Ahn, Byung-Lip,Jang, Cheol-Yong,Leigh, Seung-Bok,Yoo, Seunghwan,Jeong, Hakgeun Elsevier 2014 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.113 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>LED lighting has the potential to provide energy savings, and in many countries, there are policies to encourage its use owing to its higher efficiency and longer life in comparison to other lighting fixtures. However, since 75–85% of the light electric power in LED lights is still generated as heat, the sole use of LED lighting in a building could have a negative effect on the cooling load. In this paper, we study the heating properties of LED lighting and establish a management strategy to exploit these properties to reduce the energy used for heating and cooling of buildings. Using a simulation program, the energy consumption of the Green Building in Daejeon, Korea, and the virtual building provided by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) was computed according for different light fixtures. A control strategy is more applicable to LED lighting than to general fluorescent lighting, especially for the cooling of a building, because the use of a return-air duct and the heat sinks on the LED fixtures allow the heat to be better directed. Deployment of LED lights in combination with such a control strategy can help to increase the energy efficiency of a building.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Application of heat control strategy reduces total energy consumption of LED lighting. </LI> <LI> Convective heat from LED lighting should be emitted outdoors during cooling period. </LI> <LI> Seasonal optimization of convective heat lowers total energy consumption. </LI> </UL> </P>

ECO2에서 자연채광에 따른 Dimming-control의 에너지 절감 효과 표현 방법

윤재우,박소민,심지수,송두삼 대한설비공학회 2024 설비공학 논문집 Vol.36 No.6

본 연구에서는 건물에너지 절감을 위해 많이 활용되고 있는 자연채광에 따른 디밍제어의 에너지 절감 효과를 국내 건물에너지 성능 평가프로그램인 ECO2 프로그램에서 표현하는 방법을 제안하고, 이를 구현하기 위해 조명에너지 관련 입력값인 조명밀도의 보정계수를 산정하였다. ECO2 프로그램에서 조명에너지의 분석은 자연채광에 따른 조도 변화에 상관없이 실내 조명 대수에 따른 조명밀도[W/m2]로 고정하여 분석하기 때문에 디밍제어에 따른 조명에너지 감소를 표현할 수 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 ECO2 프로그램의 조명에너지 평가 방식 중 입력치 방식이 조명밀도 입력값만으로 조명에너지를 계산하는 점을 이용해 디밍제어를 적용할 때의 조명밀도를 산출하였다. 먼저, RELUX 시뮬레이션을 통해 대상 공간에 유입되는 자연채광을 분석하고, 자연채광의 유입 정도에 따라 인공 조명의 대수를 줄이는 인공 조명 설계를 진행하였다. 자연채광의 유입을 고려한 조명밀도는 계절 및 시간에 따라 변화하기 때문에 이를 단일 값으로 조정하기 위해 계절별 맑은 날씨와 흐린 날씨의 비율을 사용하였다. 본 연구 방법을 사용하여 계산된 최종 조명밀도를 ECO2 프로그램에 입력하여 디밍제어를 적용할 경우 최대 58.6%의 조명에너지 절감률을 확인하였다. 이후 디밍제어를 적용한 조명밀도와 본래 조명밀도 간의 비율을 활용하여 조명밀도에 대한 보정계수를 산정하였다. ECO2 프로그램에 조명밀도를 입력할 때, 대상 공간이 디밍제어를 사용한다면 본래 조명밀도에 본 연구에서 산정한 보정계수를 곱하여 입력하면 디밍제어에 따른 조명에너지 절감 효과를 표현할 수 있다. 본 연구는 자연채광에 따른 디밍 제어의 에너지 절감 효과를 ECO2 프로그램에서 표현하는 방법을 제안하는 것이 주된 목적인만큼 본 연구에서 제시한 연구 방법과 보정계수의 개념은 ECO2 프로그램을 이용하여 자연채광, 디밍제어를 통한 조명에너지의 절감 효과를 정량적으로 평가하고자 하는 연구자, 설계자들에게 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구의 방법론을 사용하여 보정계수를 산정할 수 있으며, 범용성을 갖기 위한 추가적인 변수를 고려한다면 자연채광에 따른 디밍제어의 에너지 절감효과를 보정계수를 통해 쉽게 표현할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 추후 연구에서는 건물에너지 관점에서 디밍제어에 따른 조명에너지의 절감이 냉난방 부하를 얼마나 줄일 수 있을지에 대한 검토를 진행하고자 한다. The objective of this research was to devise a methodology for quantifying the lighting energy conservation benefits afforded by dimming controls in daylight-responsive buildings, utilizing the ECO2 program. Initially, the influx of natural light into the designated area was quantified via RELUX simulation, allowing for the tailoring of artificial lighting levels at each location to correspond with the fluctuating density of daylight across different seasons and times of day. Through employing varying proportions of natural illumination during both clear and overcast conditions throughout the year, the artificial lighting intensity was accordingly modulated. Upon implemention of this approach, the maximum achievable lighting energy efficiency through dimming control was identified to be 58.6%. Furthermore, correction coefficients for the established ECO2 lighting intensity were determined by comparing the lighting intensities with and without the implementation of dimming control. Hence, by integrating these calibrated lighting intensities that account for dimming controls into daylighting environments, the energy-saving potential can be effectively depicted in ECO2.

PV 부착 광선반의 채광성능 및 에너지 저감 기초 연구

김정민(Jeong Min Kim),이행우(Heang Woo Lee),서장후(Jang Hoo Seo),김용성(Yong Seong Kim) 대한설비공학회 2018 설비공학 논문집 Vol.30 No.8

Because of the recent increase in energy consumption in the building sector, more studies are being conducted to address this issue. As a part of this research, some studies have focused on solving the building-energy problem by combining the PV and light shelf, whereas previous studies examined the role of the PV by attaching it to the front of the reflector. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to derive the optimal specifications for the light shelf with PV by carrying out a performance evaluation of the lighting energy reduction and concentration according to the PV attachment area of the light shelf. This study established a full-scale test bed and an artificial light environment in order to prove the effectiveness of building-energy reduction by deriving the lighting-energy consumption and concentration energy according to the PV attachment area and light-shelf angle. The conclusions are as follows. (1) The optimal light-shelf angle to reduce the lighting energy for the conventional light shelf without PV was 30° for summer and -10° for winter. (2) The optimal light-shelf angle to increase the concentration efficiency of the light shelf with PV was -10° for summer and -60° for winter. (3) The light-shelf variables to reduce its lighting energy with PV and to increase the concentration efficiency of the PV were derived. Given the optimal variables thus derived, the light shelf with PV reduced building energy between 23.7 and 58.1 percent more than did the light shelf without PV, which proves its effectiveness.

지하공간의 빛환경 개선 및 조명에너지 저감을 위한 채광시스템 동향 고찰 및 기술제언 연구

한소원,공지원,장지원,이민구,이행우 사단법인 한국융합기술연구학회 2024 아시아태평양융합연구교류논문지 Vol.10 No.10

최근 화석연료의 고갈과 함께 에너지 사용량 증가의 문제는 심각한 수준이다. 이러한 에너지 사용량 증가는 지속적으로 증가하는 에너지 사용량은 건물분야의 에너지 사용량과 연관성이 높으며, 이에 따라서 건물분야의 에너지저감을 위한 다양한 연구와 기술개발에 대한 연구가 증가하고 있다. 특히 건물분야에서 냉방 및 난방에 소비되는 에너지 사용량 다음으로 조명에너지 사용량은 두번째로 높은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 특히 지하공간은 자연채광 도입이 상대적으로 더 어려워 이로 인한 문제는 더욱 심각한 상황으로 인식되고 있으며, 이를 해결하기 위한 다양한 채광 시스템이 연구되고 있다. 그러나 지상공간에 대비하여 지하공간의 자연채광에 대한 연구는 여전히 부족한 실정이다. 또한 지하공간의 빛환경 개선을 위하여 도입된 미러샤프트는 고정된 형태를 취하고 있으며, 이는 다양한 외부환경에 대응하여 지하공간의 빛환경 개선에는 부적합하다고 판단하였다. 이에 본 연구는 지하공간에 적용한 채광시스템에 대한 선행기술을 고찰하며, 나아가 새로운 개념의 자연채광시스템을 제안함으로써 향후 제로에너지건축물 달성을 위한 기초자료 제공을 목적으로 한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 제로에너지, 광선반 및 미러샤프트에 대하여 문헌 고찰을 진행하였으며, 그에 따른 지하공간에서의 채광시스템에 관한 특성을 도출하였다. 또한, 도출된 지하공간 채광시스템의 성능을 고려하여 가동화 기술이 접목된 새로운 시스템과 형태의 광선반을 제안하였다. 본 연구는 제안한 내용을 기반으로 향후 건물에너지 저감 및 재실자의 쾌적도 개선을 위한 친환경 지하공간 채광시스템 관련 연구 방향을 제시하였다. 이에 대한 결론은 다음과 같다. 1) 현재 다양한 외부환경에 대응하여 주를 이루고 있는 고정형 방식의 광덕트는 실내공간 빛환경 개선에 제약이 많을 것으로 사료된다. 2) 광선반 내장 미러샤프트는 높이와 각도 제어를 통하여 다양한 외부의 빛환경에 대응이 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 3) 미러샤프트 및 광선반을 접목한 새로운 채광시스템을 제안하였으며, 지상에 부착된 PV를 통하여 가동되게 함으로써 제로에너지 건축 가능한 시스템을 제안하였다. 그러나 본 연구는 제안된 시스템에 대한 유효성 검증을 수행하지 못했다는 한계를 가지고 있으며, 이는 향후 다양한 환경에서 성능검증을 진행해야 할 것이다. In recent years, the rise in energy consumption and the depletion of fossil fuels have become critical issues. One of the primary contributors to these trends is the ever-increasing energy usage in the building sector, which actually shows a high number. Lighting energy consumption in the building sector is second only to cooling and heating, and many studies are being conducted to address this challenge. This issue is even more acute in underground spaces where it is more difficult to introduce daylight. However, there is a lack of research on daylighting in underground spaces compared to above-ground spaces. One of the options being explored to reduce lighting energy consumption and improve the lighting environment of underground spaces is the mirror shaft. However, most mirror shafts are fixed systems, making them unsuitable for improving the lighting environment and reducing energy consumption in underground spaces in response to various external conditions. Therefore, this study aims to provide essential data for future energy-saving, eco-friendly building designs by reviewing previous technologies related to underground daylighting systems and proposing a new concept for underground daylighting. In this study, a literature review was conducted to derive the characteristics of previous underground daylighting systems and operation techniques were proposed to improve their performance. The main findings are as follows. 1) Current daylighting systems, such as mirror shafts and light shelves, have many limitations in improving the lighting environment and reducing energy consumption in underground spaces in response to various external conditions. 2) Due to its structural characteristics, the mirror shaft with a built-in light shelf proposed in this study can adapt to various external light environments by adjusting the light shaft’s height and angle, which will contribute to improving the lighting environment and reducing energy consumption in underground spaces. 3) The proposed system can contribute to saving building energy by operating with the energy generated by the PV system on the ground. This study proposed a new daylighting system concept to improve the lighting environment of underground spaces. However, there is a limitation in that the system has not yet been validated. As such, further studies on testing its performance using various methods are necessary.

거주자의 인공조명 사용행태와 재실스케줄이 건물의 에너지 소비에 미치는 영향

김효인(Kim Hyo-In),윤근영(Yun Geun-Young) 대한건축학회 2011 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.27 No.5

Lighting energy consumption accounts for a large portion of electricity use in building and the exact amount of energy use is dependent on how occupants use lighting. This study aims to reveal visual environmental conditions, occupancy patterns, and their implications for the occupant use of lighting. The field measurement of four offices in Yongin was carried out from 1 June to 31 August 2010. External and indoor illuminances, and the use of lighting and entrance doors were monitored at ten minute intervals. The results from the field survey reveal illuminance on workplane, the start and end daily occupancy, and lighting use patterns by occupants. This study demonstrates that the lighting use pattern in the monitored offices is not statistically related to external illuminance, but has a close link with the start of daily occupancy. The lighting was turned on more than 93% the occupied period. We investigated the potential effects of different occupancy schedules on cooling and lighting energy consumption in summer using EnergyPlus. Increase in cooling and lighting energy demands due to extended occupied is discussed. Therefore, occupied period has a significant impact in the analysis of building energy consumption, and is an important factor to be considered in the energy simulation.

실내 루버형 집광채광시스템의 조명에너지 절감에 대한 연구

신상용(Shin, Sang-Yong),성욱주(Sung, Uk-Joo) 한국건축친환경설비학회 2020 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.14 No.4

The indoor louver type concentrating daylighting system, which is one of the renewable energy systems, can reduce the consumption of lighting energy. But it has few research cases evaluating the lighting energy saving performance. In this study, the LED dimming control system was applied to analyze the indoor environment and lighting energy saving effect for 3 days during the fall. The visual environment performance was compared with KS average indoor illumination range of office and uniformity of BREEAM. The lighting energy saving rate was calculated to be 67% to 87% per hour and 52% to 61% per day, and it varies depending on the external illuminance and time. Afterwards, it will be possible to quantify changes due to changes in outdoor illuminance when increasing statistical data, as well as research on lighting energy saving performance according to the angle of slat and whether automatic control is applied.

Effects of Light Color on Energy Expenditure and Behavior in Broiler Chickens

Kim, Nara,Lee, Sang-Rak,Lee, Sang-Jin Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.7

This study was conducted in order to investigate whether the presence of light or different colors of light would influence the energy expenditure and behavior of broiler chickens. Eight 8-week-old broiler chickens were adapted to a respiration chamber (Length, 28.5 cm; Height, 38.5 cm; Width, 44.0 cm) for one week prior to the initiation of the experiment. In experiment 1, energy expenditure and behavior of the chickens were analyzed in the presence or absence of light for four days. Chickens were exposed to 6 cycles of 2 h light/2 h dark period per day. In experiment 2, the broiler chickens that had been used in experiment 1 were used to evaluate the effect of 4 different wavelength light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the energy expenditure and behavior of broiler chickens. The LEDs used in this study had the following wavelength bands; white (control), red (618 to 635 nm), green (515 to 530 nm) and blue (450 to 470 nm). The chickens were randomly exposed to a 2-h LED light in a random and sequential order per day for 3 days. Oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production of the chickens were recorded using an open-circuit calorimeter system, and energy expenditure was calculated based on the collected data. The behavior of the chickens was analyzed based on following categories i.e., resting, standing, and pecking, and closed-circuit television was used to record these behavioral postures. The analysis of data from experiment 1 showed that the energy expenditure was higher (p<0.001) in chickens under light condition compared with those under dark condition. The chickens spent more time with pecking during a light period, but they frequently exhibited resting during a dark period. Experiment 2 showed that there was no significant difference in terms of energy expenditure and behavior based on the color of light (white, red, green, and blue) to which the chickens were exposed. In conclusion, the energy expenditure and behavior of broiler chickens were found to be strongly affected by the presence of light. On the other hand, there was no discernible difference in their energy expenditure and behavior of broiler chickens exposed to the different LED lights.