포천지역 산림문화자산 해석을 통한 국립산림박물관 체험학습 콘텐츠 개발

김은경(Kim Eun Kyoung),이해주(Lee Hae Joo) 한국박물관학회 2019 博物館學報 Vol.- No.36

본 연구는 국립산림박물관에서 지역 사회 산림 문화자산 해석을 통한 체험학습 프로그램 콘텐츠 개발에 관한 연구이다. 경기도 동북부에 위치한 포천 시는 65%이상의 산림 율을 보이는 곳으로, 조선시대 양주 목에 소속되었다. 포천지역 백성들은 광릉(光陵) 조성 이후 왕실림(王室林, Royal forest)을 관리⋅보호하는 역할을 담당하였다. 일제 강점기 광릉묘포장 설치 이후 주민들은 산림 시업을 담당하며 산림 및 조경에 대한 지식을 축적할 수 있었다. 광릉수목원 설립(1987), 국립수목원 개원(1999), 유네스코 생물권보전지역 지정(2010)에 이어 현재까지 주민들은 산림 및 조경 관련 산업에 이바지하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 포천지역의 산림문화자산 현황을 분석하고 이를 기반으로 체험학습 프로그램 콘텐츠 구성을 제시하였다. 대표적으로 지역 사회에서 산림 및 조경 업무로 생활하던 이들과 이들의 조상들의 이야기를 주제로 개발된‘1일 광릉수호군 되어보기’는 초등학생 뿐 아니라 다양한 계층이 참여할 수 있도록 하였다. 교육 프로그램은 지역 주민들의 산림문화에 대해 밝히고, 교육프로그램을 통해 지역 사회 주민들의 자긍심 향상에 기여하고자 한다. 본 연구는 포천지역 산림문화자산 해석과 광릉수호군 체험학습 프로그램 콘텐츠 개발을 통하여 산림박물관 교육 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. The purpose of this study is to develop contents of experiential learning program contents through the interpretation of community forest cultural assets in the National Forest Museum. Pocheon, located in the northeastern part of Gyeonggi province, has a forest rate of over 65%, belonging to both of Joseon Dynasty. The people of Pocheon have been responsible for the management and protection of the Royal Forest since the establishment of Gwangneung. During the Japanese colonial period, the Gwangneung Experimental Forest was built, and the residents were responsible for forests and were able to accumulate that knowledge on forestry. Since then, the residents have contributed greatly to the forestry and landscape-related industries and their efforts resulted in establishing Gwangneung Arboretum (1987), the Korea National Arboretum (1999), and the UNESCO Biosphere Reserve Area (2010). In this study, the status of forest cultural assets in Pocheon area was analyzed and based on this, the contents composition of the experiential learning program was presented. In general, “ To be the Gwangneung Suhogun for One-day”, which was developed under the theme of the stories of those who lived in forest and landscape work in the local community and their ancestors, allowed not only elementary school students but also diverse classes to participate. Through the implementation of the education program, the forest culture of the residents of this area is to be revealed, and to contribute to the improvement of the pride of the residents of the community through the education program. This study contributed to providing basic data for the development of forest museum education programs through interpretation of forest cultural assets in Pocheon area and the development of contents for experiential learning programs in To be the Gwangneung Suhogun for One-day.

홍릉 숲의 곤충(개미와 지표성 딱정벌레)의 군집구조, 종다양성, 산림건강성

이철민,권태성 韓國林學會 2013 한국산림과학회지 Vol.102 No.1

본 연구에서는 곤충군집의 특성을 이용하여 도시숲의 산림건강성 평가를 시도하였다. 이를 위해 서울도심에 위치한 홍릉 숲에서 함정트랩법으로 개미(Formicidae)와 지표성 딱정벌레(Carabidae)를 조사하여 광릉 숲의 그것과 비교하였다. 여기서 광릉 숲은 잘 보존되고 생물다양성과 자연성이 높기 때문에 산림건강성이 높을 것으로 추정하였다. 광릉 숲에 비해 홍릉 숲은 개미는 매우 많았으나, 딱정벌레는 매우 적었다. 종다양성의 경우에는 종풍부도는 광릉 숲이 높았으나, 종다양도는 홍릉 숲이 높았다. 광릉 숲에서는 소수의 숲 특이종에 의한 우점 현상이 심한데 비해, 홍릉 숲에서는 숲 특이종과 일반종이 균형을 이룸으로서 다양도가 광릉 숲에 비해 높았다. 이와 같이 홍릉 숲은 광릉 숲과는 곤충군집의 특성이 많이 달랐다. 본 연구에서는 곤충군집의 특성을 이용하여 도시숲의 산림건강성 평가를 시도하였다. 이를 위해 서울도심에 위치한 홍릉 숲에서 함정트랩법으로 개미(Formicidae)와 지표성 딱정벌레(Carabidae)를 조사하여 광릉 숲의 그것과 비교하였다. 여기서 광릉 숲은 잘 보존되고 생물다양성과 자연성이 높기 때문에 산림건강성이 높을 것으로 추정하였다. 광릉 숲에 비해 홍릉 숲은 개미는 매우 많았으나, 딱정벌레는 매우 적었다. 종다양성의 경우에는 종풍부도는 광릉 숲이 높았으나, 종다양도는 홍릉 숲이 높았다. 광릉 숲에서는 소수의 숲 특이종에 의한 우점 현상이 심한데 비해, 홍릉 숲에서는 숲 특이종과 일반종이 균형을 이룸으로서 다양도가 광릉 숲에 비해 높았다. 이와 같이 홍릉 숲은 광릉 숲과는 곤충군집의 특성이 많이 달랐다. 본 연구에서는 곤충군집의 특성을 이용하여 도시숲의 산림건강성 평가를 시도하였다. 이를 위해 서울도심에 위치한 홍릉 숲에서 함정트랩법으로 개미(Formicidae)와 지표성 딱정벌레(Carabidae)를 조사하여 광릉 숲의 그것과 비교하였다. 여기서 광릉 숲은 잘 보존되고 생물다양성과 자연성이 높기 때문에 산림건강성이 높을 것으로 추정하였다. 광릉 숲에 비해 홍릉 숲은 개미는 매우 많았으나, 딱정벌레는 매우 적었다. 종다양성의 경우에는 종풍부도는 광릉 숲이 높았으나, 종다양도는 홍릉 숲이 높았다. 광릉 숲에서는 소수의 숲 특이종에 의한 우점 현상이 심한데 비해, 홍릉 숲에서는 숲 특이종과 일반종이 균형을 이룸으로서 다양도가 광릉 숲에 비해 높았다. 이와 같이 홍릉 숲은 광릉 숲과는 곤충군집의 특성이 많이 달랐다. The present study is aimed to evaluate forest health in a fragmented urban forest using characteristics of insect communities. Ants (Formicidae) and ground beetles (Carabidae) surveyed by pitfall trap method in the Hongneung forest located in the urban area of Seoul were compared with those in the Gwangneung forest. The Gwangneung forest is supposed to be health due to its high biodiversity and well-conserved nature. Ants of the Hongneung forest was much more abundant compared with those of the Gwangneung forest. However, ground beetles showed the opposite patterns; much more abundant in the Gwangneung forest than in the Hongneung forest. Species richness was higher in the Gwangneung forest than in the Hongneung forest, but species diversity was higher in the Hongneung forest. In the Hongneung forest, forest specialist species and generalist species were balanced, whereas few forest specialists dominated in the Gwangneung forest. This dominance decreased species diversity in those Gwangneung forest. Thus, characteristics of insect community in the Hongneung forest were greatly different with those in the Gwangneung forest.

Community Structure, and Species Diversity of Insects (Ants, Ground Beetles) in an Urban Forest of Seoul(Ants, Ground Beetles) in an Urban Forest of Seoul

Cheol Min Lee,Tae-Sung Kwon 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04

The present study is aimed to evaluate forest health in a fragmented urban forest using insects which are rarely used for evaluation of forest health. It is supposed that forest would be health if insect community in an urban forest is similar to that in healthy forests. Ants (Formicidae) and ground beetles (Carabidae) surveyed by pitfall trap method in the Hongneung forest located in the urban area of Seoul were compared with those in the Gwangneung forest. The Gwangneung forest is supposed to be health due to its high biodiversity and well-conserved nature. Ants of the Hongneung forest was much more abundant compared with those of the Gwangneung forest. However, ground beetles showed the opposite patterns; much more abundant in the Gwangneung forest than in the Hongneung forest. Species richness was higher in the Gwangneung forest than in the Hongneung forest, but species diversity was higher in the Hongneung forest. This dominance decreased species diversity in the Gwangneung forest. Thus, characteristics of insect community in the Hongneung forest were greatly different with that in the Gwangneung forest. This great difference of insect communities between the target and reference sites may indicate whether the Hongneung forest would not be health according to the working hypothesis, or may indicate simply the characteristic of the fragmented urban forest. In order to determine the significant decision, the repetitive studies are needed on this regard.

생태적 자연미학의 관점에서 본 광릉숲: 특별한 숲체험의 공간으로 거듭나야

최준호 철학연구회 2023 哲學硏究 Vol.- No.143

본 논문의 목적은 광릉숲이 대중들의 생태미학적 숲체험 공간으로 거듭나야 한다는 사실을 밝히고, 이를 위해서 필요한 것이 무엇인가를 논구하는 것이다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저 뵈메에 의해 주창된 생태적 자연미학의 관점에서 볼 때, 대중들이 일상에서 몸으로 감지하는 것과 동떨어진 숲은 소외된 숲이라 할 수 있다. 광릉숲이 그 위상에 걸맞은 숲으로 거듭나기 위해서는 대중들이 몸으로 감지하는 것과 동떨어져 있는 이른바 태고의 숲으로 머무는데서 벗어나야 하며, 동시에 에너지를 충전하는 휴식의 공간으로 그치는 데에서도 벗어나야 한다. 그렇지 않을 경우, 아무리 객관적으로 높은 가치를 지닌 숲이라고 하더라도 결국에는 소외된 숲에 머물 수밖에 없다. 요컨대 대단히 광활하고, 이질적인 요소들이 섞여 있는 현재의 광릉숲이 생태미학적 숲체험의 공간으로 거듭나려면 말 그대로 ‘숲’ 중심으로 다시 구획지어져야 하고, 그에 상응하여 광릉숲 여러 곳의 현재 명칭이 새롭게 바뀌어야 하며, 이른바 미개방공간의 한시적 개방 등이 의미있는 숲체험에 초점이 맞춰져서 이루어져야 할 뿐만 아니라, 광릉숲에 관한 생태적 숲미학의 담론이 활성화되어야 한다. The purpose of this paper is to reveal that Gwangneung Forest should be reborn as a space for public ecological aesthetic forest experience, and discuss what is needed for this. The results of the study are as follows. First, from the perspective of ecological natural aesthetics advocated by Böhme, a forest that is detached from what the public can feel with their bodies in everyday life can be called an alienated forest. In order for Gwangneung Forest to be reborn as a forest that matches its status, it must break away from being a so-called primeval forest that is detached from what the public can feel with their bodies, and at the same time, from being a space for resting to recharge energy. Otherwise, even if it is a forest with a high objective value, it will eventually remain an alienated forest. In short, in order for the current Gwangneung Forest, which is very vast and mixed with heterogeneous elements, to be reborn as a space for ecological aesthetic forest experience, it literally needs to be re-divided into areas centered on “forests," and accordingly, the current names of various places in Gwangneung Forest need to be changed, and temporary opening of so-called closed spaces, etc. should be carried out with a focus on meaningful forest experience, as well as the discourse on ecological forest aesthetics of Gwangneung Forest should be activated.

몬순기후와 복잡지형의 특성을 갖는 광릉 산림유역의 물과 탄소순환에 대한 교차규모 연구로부터의 교훈

이동호 ( Dong Ho Lee ),김준 ( Joon Kim ),김수진 ( Su Jin Kim ),문상기 ( Sang Ki Moon ),이재석 ( Jae Seok Lee ),임종환 ( Jong Hwan Lim ),손요환 ( Yo Whan Son ),강신규 ( Sin Kyu Kang ),김상현 ( Sang Hyun Kim ),김경하 ( Kyong Ha Kim 한국농림기상학회 2007 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.9 No.2

광릉 슈퍼사이트에서 대기와 식생간의 에너지와 물질교환 규명은 지형과 식생의 복잡성으로 인해 많은 기술적인 어려움에 직면하고 있다. 따라서 KoFlux 연구에서는 상호보완적인 다중 분야의 연구를 통해 이러한 어려움을 극복하기 위한 시도를 해 오고 있다. 본 논문에서는 현재 진행중인 KoFlux 연구의 예비결과 중 특히 광릉사이트에서의 물/탄소수지, 물과 탄소순환의 상호관련성 그리고 몬순기후하의 생태계에서 탄소순환에 미치는 수문학적 요인의 중요성에 대해 중점적으로 논의하고자 한다. 광릉낙엽활엽수림의 순생태생산량 (NEP)은 광범위한 생태학적 연구결과에 따르면 약 ~2.6 t C/ha/y로 예상된다. 이를 미기상 플럭스 관측 결과와 함께 고려할 때 광릉 산림은 탄소의 중요한 육상흡원으로서 기능함을 예상할 수 있다. 다양한 생태수문 관측에 의해 규명된 유역단위 물수지에 의하면 연단위 전체강수량의 약 30-40%가 증발산 (ET)에 해당함을 나타내고 있다. 광릉산림의 대표적인 수종인 졸참과 서어나무의 잎에서 얻어진 탄소 안정동위 원소 조성에 근거하여 계산된 식물 성장기간의 평균 물 이용효율(WUE)은 약 ~12 μmol CO2/mmol H2O에 해당된다. 얻어진 증발산량과 물이용효율은 유역단위의 생태계 생산량을 산출하는데 이용될 수 있다. 나이테 성장량과 토양호흡량의 연단위 변화는 강수량과 강수의 패턴에 의해 크게 영향을 받음을 보이고, 이는 몬순기후에 영향을 받는 동아시아 지역 생태계에서 탄소 순환과정이 수문학적 조건과 밀접한 상관관계를 가짐을 지시한다. 연구지역의 공간적 특성을 정량화하기 위해 관측지의 구조 및 기능적 단위를 규명하기 위한 연구가 진행되고 있고 이를 통해 서로 다른 시공간 규모에서 진행되고 있는 연구의 결과물을 체계적으로 연결 통합하고 나아가 보다 광역적인 규모에서 대표적인 물/탄소 수지를 산출하기 위한 연구가 시도되고 있다. KoFlux Gwangneung Supersite comprises complex topography and diverse vegetation types (and structures), which necessitate complementary multi-disciplinary measurements to understand energy and matter exchange. Here, we report the results of this ongoing research with special focuses on carbon/water budgets in Gwangneung forest, implications of inter-dependency between water and carbon cycles, and the importance of hydrology in carbon cycling under monsoon climate. Comprehensive biometric and chamber measurements indicated the mean annual net ecosystem productivity (NEP) of this forest to be ~2.6 t C ha-1 y-1. In conjunction with the tower flux measurement, the preliminary carbon budget suggests the Gwangneung forest to be an important sink for atmospheric CO2. The catchment scale water budget indicated that 30~40% of annual precipitation was apportioned to evapotranspiration (ET). The growing season average of the water use efficiency (WUE), determined from leaf carbon isotope ratios of representative tree species, was about 12 μmol CO2/mmol H2O with noticeable seasonal variations. Such information on ET and WUE can be used to constrain the catchment scale carbon uptake. Inter-annual variations in tree ring growth and soil respiration rates correlated with the magnitude and the pattern of precipitation during the growing season, which requires further investigation of the effect of a monsoon climate on the catchment carbon cycle. Additionally, we examine whether structural and functional units exist in this catchment by characterizing the spatial heterogeneity of the study site, which will provide the linkage between different spatial and temporal scale measurements.

Survey research on the habitation and biological information of Callipogon relictus Semenov in Gwangneung forest, Korea and Ussurisky nature reserve, Russia (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae)

Seung-Gyu Lee,Cheolhak Kim,Alexander V. Kuprin,Jung-Hoon Kang,Bong-Woo Lee,Seung Hwan Oh,Jongok Lim 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.04

An investigation on the habitation of Callipogon relictus Semenov was carried out in Gwangneung forest, Korea and Ussurisky nature reserve, Russia. During the investigation period (2007–2018), a total of 25 emergence holes, 10 pupal chambers, 10 adults, and two larvae of C. relictus were identified in Gwangneung forest. In this presentation, we provide biological information on habitation of C. relictus in Gwangneung forest by comparison and combination of survey results in Ussurisky nature reserve, in 2015 and 2018. In addition, the distribution range of C. relictus is also reviewed in the Korean Peninsula with a new location.

광릉숲 양치식물의 분포와 생활형

이강협(Lee, Kang-Hyup),여경택(Yeo, Kyung-Taek),정승선(Jung, Seung-Sun) 한국자원식물학회 2006 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.19 No.5

광릉숲 양치식물을 중심으로 한 집중적인 조사를 통하여 이 지역에 분포하는 양치식물을 정확히 밝히고자 하였다. 광릉숲에는 9과 17속 43종 3변종 총 46종류의 양치식물이 분포하고 있으며, 지역별 출현식물을 보면, 쇠뜨기, 고사리삼 등 26종류가 광릉숲 전지역에 걸쳐 분포하는 것으로 나타났으며, 꿩고비, 지리개관중 등 5종류가 소리봉 일대를 중심으로 하여 한정 분포하는 것으로 나타났다. 또, 산림동물원 계곡부를 중심으로 낚시고사리, 광릉족제비고사리 등이 분포하였고, 왕지네고사리, 참새발고사리 등은 외국수목원 일대에 국한된 분포역을 형성하고 있었다. 생활형을 보면, 휴면형(Domancy form)은 H(Hemicryptophyte)의 비율이 56.5%로 가장 높았으며, HH(Hydatophyte)가 2.2%로 가장 낮은 값을 보였다. 번식형(Propagation form)의 지하기관형(Radicoid form)은 대부분이 근경이 짧게 분지하고 가장 좁은 범위의 연결체를 갖는 R3으로 39.1%이며, 근경이 옆으로 벋고 약간 넓은 범위의 연결체를 갖는 R2가 2.2%이었고, 산포기관형(Disseminule form)은 모두 포자가 바람이나 물에 의해 운반되는 D1이었다. 생육형(Growth form)은 t(Tussock)와 e(Erect)가 각각 67.4%와 32.6%로 나타나 광릉숲 양치식물의 대표적인 생활형은 H−R3−D1−t로 정리되었다. 광릉숲의 양치식물계수(Ptph.-Q.)는 1.28로 한반도 중부지역과 비교하였을 때 상대적으로 다소 높은 수치를 보이고 있어, 이 지역이 학술림으로서 안정적으로 보전 관리되고 있음을 알수 있다. To understand the status of ferns distribution of Gwangneung forest, flora survey was done during the period of April 2003 to November 2005. The results obtained from this study were as follows: Ferns identified and surveyed were 46 taxa including 9 families 17 genera 43 species 3 varieties were recorded in Gwangneung Forest. Hemicryrtophyte (H) was the most common dormancy from recorded in surveyed area. Epiphyte (E) and Hydatophyte (HH) were calculated as 4.3%, 2.2%, respectively and they were the lower value compared to those of other dormancy form. Consequently, H−R3−D1−t was recorded as the most common life-form of ferns in Gwangneung Forest. Pteridophyta-Quotient (Ptph.-Q.) was calculated as 1.28 and it was the higher value compared to those of other neighboring mountains.

Biomass Estimation of Gwangneung Catchment Area with Landsat ETM+ Image

Chun, Jung Hwa,Lim, Jong-Hwan,Lee, Don Koo Korean Society of Forest Science 2007 한국산림과학회지 Vol.96 No.5

Spatial information on forest biomass is an important factor to evaluate the capability of forest as a carbon sequestrator and is a core independent variable required to drive models which describe ecological processes such as carbon budget, hydrological budget, and energy flow. The objective of this study is to understand the relationship between satellite image and field data, and to quantitatively estimate and map the spatial distribution of forest biomass. Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) derived vegetation indices and field survey data were applied to estimate the biomass distribution of mountainous forest located in Gwangneung Experimental Forest (230 ha). Field survey data collected from the ground plots were used as the dependent variable, forest biomass, while satellite image reflectance data (Band 1~5 and Band 7), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI), and RVI (Ratio Vegetation Index) were used as the independent variables. The mean and total biomass of Gwangneung catchment area were estimated to be about 229.5 ton/ha and $52.8{\times}10^3$ tons respectively. Regression analysis revealed significant relationships between the measured biomass and Landsat derived variables in both of deciduous forest ($R^2=0.76$, P < 0.05) and coniferous forest ($R^2=0.75$, P < 0.05). However, there still exist many uncertainties in the estimation of forest ecosystem parameters based on vegetation remote sensing. Developing remote sensing techniques with adequate filed survey data over a long period are expected to increase the estimation accuracy of spatial information of the forest ecosystem.

Successional Changes in Seed Banks in Abandoned Rice Fields in Gwangneung, Central Korea

이선미,조용찬,신현철,오우석,설은실,박성애,이창석 한국생태학회 2008 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.31 No.4

In order to understand the role of seed banks for restoration, seed banks in abandoned rice fields in the Gwangneung National Arboretum, central Korea were investigated using the seedling emergence method. The study sites represented three stages: an initial stage dominated by forbs such as Persicaria thunbergii and Juncus effuses var. decipiens, a middle stage dominated by Salix, and a late stage dominated by Quercus aliena and Prunus padus (in nearby riparian forest chosen as a reference stand). DCA ordination arranged the stands according to the number of years since abandonment. CCA ordination identified the dominant environmental variables correlated most closely with Axes 1 and 2 as Mg²+ (intraset correlation was 0.827) and K+ (intraset correlation was -0.677), respectively. Species richness and diversity decreased from the initial stage (H'=2.61) to the middle (H'=1.79) and late (H'=0.75) stages. A total of 49 species (/m²) and 18,620 seedlings (/m²) emerged out of the seed bank samples. The DCA ordination and similarity analysis detected a large discrepancy between the composition of the actual vegetation and the seed bank. We conclude that the contribution of seed bank to restoration is low. However, seed bank may help the recovery of forbs after disturbance. Some of our results are consistent with the tolerance model of succession whereas others follow the trajectory of the facilitation model. More research on succession will be required to understand the underlying mechanisms. In order to understand the role of seed banks for restoration, seed banks in abandoned rice fields in the Gwangneung National Arboretum, central Korea were investigated using the seedling emergence method. The study sites represented three stages: an initial stage dominated by forbs such as Persicaria thunbergii and Juncus effuses var. decipiens, a middle stage dominated by Salix, and a late stage dominated by Quercus aliena and Prunus padus (in nearby riparian forest chosen as a reference stand). DCA ordination arranged the stands according to the number of years since abandonment. CCA ordination identified the dominant environmental variables correlated most closely with Axes 1 and 2 as Mg²+ (intraset correlation was 0.827) and K+ (intraset correlation was -0.677), respectively. Species richness and diversity decreased from the initial stage (H'=2.61) to the middle (H'=1.79) and late (H'=0.75) stages. A total of 49 species (/m²) and 18,620 seedlings (/m²) emerged out of the seed bank samples. The DCA ordination and similarity analysis detected a large discrepancy between the composition of the actual vegetation and the seed bank. We conclude that the contribution of seed bank to restoration is low. However, seed bank may help the recovery of forbs after disturbance. Some of our results are consistent with the tolerance model of succession whereas others follow the trajectory of the facilitation model. More research on succession will be required to understand the underlying mechanisms.

Differences in Breeding Bird Communities Between Deciduous Forests of Gwangneung and Mt. Namsan Areas

Rhim, Shin-Jae,Kim, Min-Jin,Lee, Ju-Young,Kang, Jeong-Hoon Korean Society of Forest Science 2007 한국산림과학회지 Vol.96 No.5

This study was conducted to clarify the differences in breeding bird communities between deciduous forests of Gwangneung and Mt. Namsan areas from April to August 2006. Two 10ha area were selected for territory mapping of breeding bird community in both study area. The DBH distribution of trees and average foliage profiles were significantly different between study areas. Also, breeding bird communities were different. Number of breeding species and pairs, breeding density, and bird species diversity were higher in Gwangneung area than in Mt. Namsan area. When examining relationship between forest habitat structure and bird community, Number of bird species and breeding pairs belonged to hole and canopy guild were increase as the increase of coverstory coverage and number of large trees. Therefore, it is necessary to make vertical structure more various to plant bushes, and to make DBH distribution more diverse for enhancing bird species diversity in the degraded ecosystem.