중국 주요 물류거점도시 발전전략 연구

박민규,이장원 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 중국연구소 2006 中國硏究 Vol.37 No.-

The term "Free Economic Zone(FEZ)" means the zone, which is developed with the aim of improving the business environment for foreign-invested enterprises and the living conditions for foreigners (Free Economic Zone Law, Article 23). Korean three Free Economic Zones were officially designated and established by the Korean government from August 2003 to April 2004. The Korean government fully supports free international business and the standards of company management demanded by today's global market. Three years have passed since its establishment, and FEZs have achieved many things including couple of FDI inducement. However, FEZs is still far from its original goal creating the most favorable business and living environment where foreign nationals can live and invest freely and conveniently. Many commentators criticized FEZ because of its opaque, inefficient management system and weak legal support. A major by-product of the China's "open door policy" is the highly publicized development of "Special Areas" including "Special Economic Zones" (SEZs) and "Coastal Economic Open Areas." There are two broad principles for which the SEZs operate: (1) "foreign investors and enterprises located in the special areas are to enjoy preferential treatment in the form of lower tax rates and easier entry and exit procedures;" and (2) "the local government authorities are to have greater decision-making power than as previously available to them in China." Korean government is pressing on with much needed legal and system reforms establishing a more positive investment climate for foreign investment enterprises operating within its FEZ. This article suggest that the reforms should focus on independency and efficiency of FEZ.

한국 경제자유구역의 현황분석과 중장기 발전방안에 관한 연구

김영국(Kim Young-Gook) 한국창업학회 2017 한국창업학회 Conferences Vol.2017 No.2

한국의 경제자유구역은 외국인의 투자를 활성화하여 기술이전, 설비확충, M&A 등을 통한 기업의 대내외 경쟁력을 높이고, 고용창출과 생산증대 등으로 국가 및 지방경제의 양적ㆍ질적 발전을 적극 도모하는데 있다. 본 연구는 기존 연구와 정책 자료 및 연구자의 경제자유구역 오랜 실무경험을 바탕으로 한국 경제자유구역의 주요 현황을 분석한 후, 한국의 경제자유구역에 대한 제반 문제점을 도출한 연구 결과, 주요 중장기 발전방안과 전략적 시사점을 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1)기업하기 좋은 환경 제공 2)정주여건의 조성, 3)거점도시 형성과 고부가가치 산업 중심의 유치, 4)과감한 규제완화 및 파격적인 인센티브 제공, 5)거점도시 중심의 비즈니스서비스 산업 육성, 6)경영한경의 투명성 제고와 노사관계의 정립 7)정부 및 지자체와 각 경제자유구역청의 외국인 투자유치를 위한 실질적인 원스톱서비스 제공 등으로 이제는 외국인 투자유치를 위한 경제자유구역의 투자지원제도를 총체적으로 점검, 정비해야 할 것으로 요약된다. Korean Free Economic Zone promotes the foreign investments. This can increase the internal and external competitiveness of domestic companies through technology transfer, facility expansion and M&A and also lead to the promotion of the quantitative and qualitative development of national and local economy by creating the employment and increasing the production. This study analyzes the current status of Korean Free Economic Zone based on the existing research, the policy data and the long practical experience of the researcher regarding to the free economic zones. The main mid-to long-term development plan and strategic implications, which are originated from the result of the research regarding to the related problems of Korean Free Economic Zone, can be summarized as follows: 1) to provide a favorable environment for enterprises 2) to create a settlement environment 3) to form a base city and attract high value-added industries 4) to deregulate substantially and provide incredible incentives 5) to foster the business service industry centered on the base city 6) to enhance the transparency of the management environment and establish labor-management relations 7) to provide substantial one-stop service for attracting foreign investment by the government, local governments and each authority of Free Economic Zone. To sum up, the investment support system of the free economic zone should be monitored and maintained comprehensively.

후발 경제자유구역의 성공을 위한 물류유통 부문 활성화에 관한 연구

전재완,김기수 한국유통과학회 2013 유통과학연구 Vol.11 No.2

Purpose – The objective of this paper is to explain the successful methods for the revitalization of distribution and logistics of the least developed FEZs (Saemangum, Yellow-sea, and Deagu-Kyengbuk) in Korea. With the recent changes in the economic terrain of Northeast Asia as with the rise of China, Korea has developed a logistics hub concept for improving the efficiency of logistics and distribution industry and its distribution and logistics policy has received positive worldwide evaluation. Therefore, we face severe competition and must always look for ways to address these problems. Research design, Data, Methodology – This study adopts two methods to propose successful revitalization of distribution and logistics in the least developed FEZ. The first method investigates the limitation of these FEZs by analyzing the statutes, and the second one follows comparable cases. Thus, we first reviewed the efficient strategic political alternatives for the least developed FEZ, Yellow-sea, Seamangum-Gunsan, and Deagu-Kyeongbuk, through the relative institution system, law, and future plans. Next, we studied the Bin-hai Economic Free Section (Zone) in China as a comparable example. In order to analyze the competitiveness of logistics in the three FEZs (Yellow-sea, Seamangum-Gunsan, and Deagu-Kyeongbuk), the total factor productivity growth of regional manufacturing industries is divided into three sources: the external trade effect, scale effect, and technical change effect. However, this paper does not test for a positive contribution of external trade, which is a reason of non-building on these FEZs. A FEZ that shows a larger external trade effect than the others will have a comparative advantage in the logistics infrastructure and policy support. This study presented the newly applied Bin-hai FEZ in China, in order to make the studied FEZ as successful by applying the strategy of its distribution and logistics center. Results – In Korea, there is an increased focus on the benefit of the regional development of regions such as the Free Economic Zones (FEZ). We have six FEZs, Inchon, Busan-Jinhae, Guangyang, Yellow-sea, Seamangum-Gunsan, and Deagu-Kyeongbuk. However, our FEZs do not have various supporting factors needed for the logistics and distribution industry. Korea designated the above six places as FEZ and has operated to enhance national competitiveness and ensure a balanced regional development since 2003. However, most FEZs did not receive favorable feedback in the first business performance evaluation and it is necessary to take action for substantial improvements. Conclusions – Especially, over the past 10 years, even though the FEZ policy has been implemented in an effort to promote success in distribution and logistics, there are still many underdeveloped industries in logistics. The main problem is the absence of revitalization of the high value added performance in the distribution and logistics industry. However, there is a limitation to this study. We have used non-empirical method based on a case study to arrive at our findings. Future studies should use appropriate statistical methods to supplement our results and provide a solution to this problem.

A Research on the Enhancement of the Hosting of Foreign Direct Investment in Korea’s Free Trade Zones

Lee, Hak-Loh 한국무역금융보험학회(구 한국무역보험학회) 2020 무역금융보험연구 Vol.21 No.4

한국은 외국인투자 유치와 수출 증대를 위하여 50년전인 1970년대 마산, 익산(이리) 수출자유 지역을 설치, 운영하여 왔다. 30년이 경과한 2000년대 초에 수출자유지역은 관세지역과의 통 합을 거쳤고 2020년 현재 산업단지형 7개 지역, 항만형 5개와 공항형 1개를 포함하면 총 13개 자유무역지역이 운영되고 있다. 1994년 WTO 출범 이후에 무역과 투자에 관한 국제규율이 강 화되었고 EU 등에 의한 한국의 조세피난처 지정 논란 등으로 한국의 외국인투자 유치를 위한 조세 지원 인센티브도 축소되게 되었다. 경제적 효과에 대한 논란에도 불구하고 미국, 일본, 대만 등 세계 각국은 외국인투자 유치를 위하여 토지, 재정 및 금융 지원 등 정책적 노력을 기울여 오고 있으며 최근의 보호무역주의 극복을 위한 일자리 창출 차원에서 그 중요성이 더 부각되고 있다. 한국 정부도 다른 나라들과 마찬가지로 외국인투자의 유치를 위하여 공장 용지 제공, 재정 지원 및 각종 규제 완화 등을 시행해 오고 있다. 이 연구는 외국인투자와 수출 증대를 위하여 운영하고 있는 자유무역지역의 경제적 성과를 산업단지형을 중심으로 평가하고 외국인투자 유치를 위한 실천적 방안을 모색한다. 결론적으 로 정부의 인센티브만으로는 자유무역지역에 대한 외국인투자 유치가 증가하기 어렵다고 평 가한다. 정부는 외국인투자를 “유치(hosting)”하기 위해서 정부의 현금지원제도, 신성장동력 및 선도기업 육성등 각종 기술개발 및 산업정책, 관련 세제 혜택, 중소창업기업 정책, 국가균형발전 정책, 무역정책 등을 총동원하여야 한다. 특히 Invest Korea(KOTRA)의 주도하에 국내기업들과 전후방 연관을 가진 외국인투자기업을 인근 자유무역지역에 유치하도록 적극 노력하여야 한다. Purpose : The aim of this study is to suggest some ways to enhance the hosting of foreign direct investment(FDI) in Korea’s seven Free Trade Zones(FTZ). Research methodology : Comparative studies are applied to Korea’s three Special Economic Zones(SEZ) of FTZ, Free Economic Zones(FEZ) and Foreign Investment Zones(FIZ) to examine the performances of the Korea’s FTZ and efficacies of the present policies for the attraction of FDI in the Zones.. Results : No differentials are found between the three SEZ regarding the performances of FDI. The Zones in the Capital metropolitan areas show much greater scores for FDI than the Zones situated in the rural areas. Conclusions : Market forces play dominant roles in the flow of the FDI in the Zones. The Korea’s FTZ and FEZ are public funded SEZ for FDI. To address the intended FDI targets, more aggressive policy tools such as Advanced Enterprise Policies, Regional Strategic Industrial Policies and Trade Promotion Policies including trade credit and insurance schemes. Invest Korea’s more active role are desired to host FDI in FTZ.

우리나라 경제자유구역의 운영효율성 증대를 통한 국제물류거점화 성공요인에 관한 연구

김종칠(Jong-Chill Kim) 한국국제상학회 2010 國際商學 Vol.25 No.4

Seven years ago, the Korean government designated three areas, Incheon, Busan/Jinhae, and Kwangyang, as Free Economic Zones (FEZs) to be business hubs in Northeast Asia. In 2008, new free economic zones, such as the Yellow Sea, Gunsan, and Daegu, were designated in addition to the existing 3 FEZs. However, there have been many problems with these FEZs and delays in development that have dampened expectations. This paper studied the problems of the FEZs systems and critical success factors of logistics hubs through the improved efficiency in Korean Free Economic Zones. To overcome these problems and to make the FEZs competitive global logistics hubs in Northeast Asia, I suggest some critical success factors for logistics hubs through a case study of foreign FEZs, such as Singapore, Rotterdam, Hongkong, Dubai and Shanghai. In addition, some practical implications are also presented for implementation of FEZs.

한국 경제자유구역의 외국인 창업지원제도에 관한 연구

김영국(Young-Gook Kim),류석희(Seok-Hee Ryu) 한국창업학회 2017 한국창업학회지 Vol.12 No.3

외국인 투자 및 창업 관련의 지원제도는 한국에 소재하는 기업의 경영활동에 외국인의 투자와 창업을 활성화하여 기술이전, 설비확충, M&A 등을 통한 기업의 대내외 경쟁력을 높이고, 고용창출과 생산증대 등으로 국가경제의 양적․질적 발전을 적극 도모하는데 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 먼저 기존 연구를 바탕으로 한국 경제자유구역의 외국인 투자기업의 실태를 분석한 후 각각의 주요 외국인투자기업의 창업지원제도에 대한 제반 현황을 분석하여 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. 연구 결과, 주요 전략적 시사점을 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있었다. ① 전 세계 경제특구는 현재 119개국 2,301개 규모로 이 중 경제자유구역은 153개 수준이며, 지속적인 증가추세에 있는바 싱가포르, 중국, 스페인 등과 같은 One-Stop Service와 선진 FEZ 대비 한국형 성공전략 분석이 요구된다. ② 경쟁국 대비 투자자가 선호하는 비교우위의 투자환경을 조성함과 동시에 창업지원제도에 대한 경쟁우위를 위한 파격적인 규제완화를 적극 확대하여야 한다. ③ 경쟁국 대비 각 FEZ가 제공하는 현금지원·조세지원·입지지원제도 등 외국인투자기업 창업지원제도의 탄력적인 확대운영전략이 요구된다. ④ 경쟁국 대비 한국 경제자유구역의 입지 경쟁력(Geographic Location)과 정책 운영 경쟁력(Governance), 요소경쟁력(Socio Economic Factors)이 더욱 강화되어야 할 것이다. ⑤ 중장기적인 관점에서 ‘선택과 집중’이라는 경제자유구역의 외자유치 전략을 통하여 녹색성장과 신성장동력, 4차 산업혁명과 6차 산업 등 국가산업발전에 기여하는 범정 부적인 외국인투자기업의 창업지원제도를 적극 확대하여야할 것이다. Throughout this study, the background of Korea s Free Economy Zone promotion, present condition in both internal and external investment attraction, and main strategic implications derived via the Start-Up by foreigners support system of Free Economic Zone in South Korea can be summarized as following. As future projects, there are, firstly, needs for strategic incentive activities in liaison with future national industrial development strategy as there are lack of systemized approach following the selection of target businesses according to attracting possibilities. Second, a flexible investment incentive is required because the spasticity of the incentive made elastic supports through negotiation more difficult. Moreover, taxation and geographic location are provided if the amount of investment is higher than a certain level which induces no room for negotiation and it is pointed out that considerations in industrial and economic level of participation are difficult. Third, due to the fact that attracting activities such as IR are currently promoted sporadically by the needs of individual institutions like government department, local government, Free Economic Zone authority, IK, and so forth, the necessity of making investment attraction strategy across the country and adjustment consolidation comes to the fore.

경제자유구역 개발사업이 지역경제에 미치는 경제적 파급효과 분석

최천운,유정석 한국지역개발학회 2010 한국지역개발학회 세미나 논문집 Vol.2010 No.3

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impacts of the Free Economic Zone on the regional economy. There was a meaningful difference in the value-added inducement coefficients between the National Input-Output Table and the Inter-Regional Input-Output Table. Furthermore, economic effects have been significantly affected when time-wise inducement coefficients are applied to reflect the time-varying economic environments before and after the designation of FEZ in 2003. Especially, analyzing the updated data applicable to IFEZ development age and the adequacy of local strategic industries, this study will be differentiated from other theses. Using IRIO (Inter-Regional Input-Output Table) in making an analysis of economical effect, the study could consider specificity of the local region, which was difficult to be found in Input-Output Analysis and could verify the influence which is given to Incheon regional economy by development project of the Free Economic Zone.

대구의 특구 운영 실태에 관한 연구 - 특구간의 연계성을 중심으로

장재일 한국도시부동산학회(구 도시정책학회) 2015 도시부동산연구 Vol.6 No.1

The city of Daegu has six kinds of special zones- Educational Globalization Special Area, Local specialization development zone, Free Economic Zone(FEZ), Innopolis, Innocity, Medivalley. Some areas are designated as a special zone, while two or three special zones can overlap each other. Overlapped special zones are able to have a synergy effect. But it appears that the overlapping of special zone is ineffective in Daegu. An excess of special zone is being pointed out. Organizations for managing the special zones don't work closely with each other. And people are confused because organizations where people have to visit for public service vary in different localities. As the result, this study shows the following implications. 1) special zones should be designated to create a synergy effect in relation with other special zones. 2) special zones should not be designated until the long-term development direction of city is considered carefully. 3) Daegu should have a organization which handles everything that has to do with foreign investment.

광양만권경제자유구역(GFEZ) 제1단계 사업의 개발과정과 성과분석: 2004-2010

이정록(Jeong-Rock Lee),김승곤(Seung-Gon Kim) 대한지리학회 2014 대한지리학회지 Vol.49 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 광양만권경제자유구역(GFEZ) 제1단계(2004-2010) 사업의 개발과정과 성과를 고찰하는 것이다. 제1단계 사업대상은 전체 22개 사업 중에서 11개이며, 3개 사업은 종료된 반면, 8개 사업은 종료되지 못하고 현재 진행 중이다. 제1단계 개발사업은 기업유치를 위한 기반시설 개발과 공급, 사회간접시설 확충에 중점을 두기 때문에 사업성과는 그렇게 많지 않았다. 제1단계 개발사업 주요 성과는 산업용지와 주택용지개발과 공급, 도로와 철도 확충, 광양 컨테이너부두 8선석 준공, 102개 기업유치와 신규고용 창출 등이다. 유치된 기업들은 광양항 배후단지와 율촌1산단에 주로 입지하였고, 물류 및 관련서비스, 철강, 기계, 조선, 정밀화학 등의 업종이 많았다. 제1단계 사업의 문제와 한계는 저조한 외국인투자기업 유치실적, 재원조달능력이 우수한 개발사업자 유치 부족, 중소기업 중심의 입주기업, 하동지구 개발사업 지연 등으로 나타났다. The objective of this study is to analyze the project performance and development process of the phase 1 project of GFEZ from 2004 to 2010. The phase 1 project from 2004 to 2010 is consist of eleven project zones. Among these zones, eight zones are currently underway and three zones have been completed. The performance of the phase 1 projects is no so much because it were stated later than planning with the difficulty of business developers selection. The major performances are development and supply of industrial & residential land, construction of road and railway, investment promotion of 102 companies, and creation of 20,971 new jobs. Most of the direct invested companies were located at Gwangyang and Yulchon Districts, and were mainly logistics and related service, iron and steel, machinery, shipbuilding, and fine chemicals. The main problems, however, are the limit of promotion of high-tech industries and large firms, low FDI reported rate, difficulty of superior business developers, delayed business progress of Hadong district. Therefore, efforts to solve these problems are required for the success of GFEZ.

경제자유구역 개발제도의 문제점과 대안 - 인천경제자유구역 청라지구를 중심으로 -

강병기 한국부동산경영학회 2012 부동산경영 Vol.6 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the problem from the introduction of the free economic zone of the system development since 2002 to provide an alternative and started. Significance of Free Economic Zone development system and the type, content and assessment through the previous studies were analyzed. To do this, first Significance of Free Economic Zone development system and the type, content and assessment through the previous studies were analyzed. Also look for a free economic zone development approach has been investigated in terms of the meaning of Real Estate. In addition, this study is the subject of the Incheon Free Economic Zone cheongna area information, develop business plans and analysis of the current situation. Various alternatives for solving problems and based on the results of the analysis presented. Following three Free Economic Zone development system alternatives for problem solving. First, some collapsed or extended development period, such as six free economic zones of the plan to re action is needed. Second, seeking development capital allocation and coordination of national level measures are needed. Last, council to organize the national level of public and private, and prevent the recurrence of similar problems, the need to promote a speedy resolution to the problem that occurred. There are the following three alternatives to solve global problems cheongna area. First, earth aversion facilities and pollutants cheongna area and isolation measures should be made. Second, dispute the adjustment and subunyangja bunyangja prepared to counter the confusion should be avoided. Last, House for sale related to the information disclosure system in place to prevent a similar problem occurs.