건강증진역학과 위험역학의 개념 및 지표에 관한 비교연구 : 건강증진시대의 역학 개념에 관한 재고찰

김대희 서울大學校保健大學院 1995 國民保健硏究所硏究論叢 Vol.5 No.2

This study has dealt with three kinds of epidemiological concepts through critical review of public health literatures. They are as follows: risk epidemiology, exposure-disease epidemiology and health promotion epidemiology. 1. Concept of the risk epidemiology: Firstly, diseases are the result of the exposure to risk factors. Secondly, risk epidemiologists seek after the risk factors of diseases. Thirdly, the typical measure of risk epidemiological association is the relative risk. 2. Concept of the exposure-disease epidemiology: Firstly, diseases are associated with the exposure to the factors of risk, cure, prevention or health promotion. Secondly, exposure-disease epidemiologists seek after the association between diseases and the factors of risk, cure, prevention or health promotion. Thirdly, the representative measure of exposure-disease epidemiological association is the relative disease. 3. Concept of the health promotion epidemiology: Firstly, health is the result of the exposure to the factors of health promotion, prevention or cure. Secondly, health promotion epidemiologists seek after the preventive, curative or health promotion factors of health. Thirdly, the exemplary measure of health promotion epidemiological association is the relative health. Each framework of the three epidemiological concepts has its merits according to epidemiological circumstances. Comparative study on the Concepts and Indices Between Health Promotion Epidemiology.

Lessons from radiation epidemiology

Won Jin Lee 한국역학회 2018 Epidemiology and Health Vol.40 No.-

Radiation epidemiology has developed as a specialized field and has unique characteristics compared to the other fields of epidemiology. Radiation exposure assessment is highly quantified and health risk assessment can yield precise risks per unit dose in each organ. At the same time, radiation epidemiology also emphasizes the uncertainty of the estimated doses and risks. More radiation epidemiologists work in radiation societies rather than those of epidemiology. This specialization deepens the research of radiation studies but also results in fragmentation from general epidemiology. In addition to continued involvement with radiation-related sciences, therefore, more efforts to communicate with the other fields of epidemiology are necessary for radiation epidemiology

한국의 임상역학 발전 방향

배종면,박병주,안윤옥 대한의사협회 2013 대한의사협회지 Vol.56 No.8

The establishment of clinical epidemiology has meant the improvement of the quality and quantity of clinical science because clinical epidemiology has contributed to the process of decision making across the full scope of clinical practice, including diagnosis, treatment, and care, as well as prevention. Epidemiological and statistical methodologies have been used to analyze scientific evidence on clinical problems. The orientation of evidence-based medicine introduced in the mid-1990s is the application of clinical epidemiology to clinical practice for individual patients. The concept of evidence-based medical practice has triggered the expansion of the scope and range of methods of clinical epidemiology. In spite of the global situation, the formal activity in the area of clinical epidemiology in Korean Medical Academic Association is negligible, with few clinical epidemiologists involved. One of several approaches to stimulating the practice of clinical epidemiology in Korea would be to foster clinical epidemiology as a specialization of clinical preventive medicine, which is one of the sub-specialties of preventive medicine in Korea.

정신과 역학

조맹제(Maeng-Je Cho),김장규(Chang-Kyu Kim) 대한사회정신의학회 2000 사회정신의학 Vol.5 No.1

역학은 전염병이나 만성신체질환들을 주로 다루어 왔으며, 정신장애에 대해서는 주로 지역사회조사들을 대상으로 하여왔다. 1980년대에 정신장애의 조작적 진단기준의 발달과, DIS나 CIDI 같은 비전문가에 의해 면담이 가능한 진단적 면담도구의 개발은 지역사회를 대상으로한 대단위 정신과 역학조사를 훨씬 용이하게 하였다. 본 종설에서는 정신과 역학에서의 기본개념들과 연구방법들, 그리고 역사 등을 기술하고 더 넓은 의미에서의 정신과 역학과 이용에 대한 간략한 설명을 하였다. 유병율과 위험도 측정이 가장 기본적 개념이다. 기술적역학, 분석적 역학, 그리고 실험적역학등이 있으며, 연구 디자인별로는 횡단면적, 코호트, 그리고 대조군 연구등이 있다. 역학연구의 가치는 사례판정을 위한 조사도구의 타당도와 대표성을 갖는 표본 추출방법에 크게 의존한다. 최근에 급격히 발전하는 유전학, 뇌영상 및 횡문화 비교연구 등에 힘입어 진단 타당도가 더욱 높아질 것을 기대한다. 향후 지역사회 역학연구에서 비용-효과성을 고려한 각종 방법의 개발과 전향적 연구들이 기대된다. Epidemiology has usually been associated with epidemics of infectious diseases, and recently with prevalent chronic illnesses. As for psychiatry, it has been discussed almost exclusively within context of community surveys. Psychiatric epidemiology, based on community, has been greatly advanced owing to the development of operational criteria of psychiatric disorders and of diagnostic interview instruments such as DIS and CIDI, which could be administered by lay interviewers. In this article the authors described basic concepts, methodology, and history of psychiatric epidmiology. In addition brief introduction of width of scope and utility of psychiatric epidemiology were explained. The rates, especially the prevalence rather than incidence, and risk ratio are basic concepts in epidemiology. Various kinds of designs and methods of psychiatric epidemiology have also been described. The reliability of the survey results are largely dependent on how valid the interview instruments are, and how much representative the selected samples are. Diagnostic validities will get higher through the recent advances in genetics, neuroimaging and neurobiology. Devlopment of the new methods to improve cost-effectiveness in community surveys in psychiatric epidemiology are needed.

Interpretation of the hygiene and microflora hypothesis for allergic diseases through epigenetic epidemiology

Jong-Myon Bae 한국역학회 2018 Epidemiology and Health Vol.40 No.-

The hygiene hypothesis (HH) proposed by Strachan in 1989 was expanded to explain the inverse association between the occurrence of allergy disorders and the risk of infectious diseases and parasite infestation. The microflora hypothesis (MH) suggests that gut microbial dysbiosis in early life might trigger hypersensitivity disorders. The sharing concept of both HH and MH is gene-environment interaction, which is also a key concept in epigenetics. The amalgamation of epidemiology and epigenetics has created a scientific discipline termed epigenetic epidemiology. To accomplish an era of gene-environment-wide interaction studies, it is necessary to launch a national human epigenome project.

역학과 사회역학

송윤미,Song, Yun-Mi 대한예방의학회 2005 예방의학회지 Vol.38 No.3

Social epidemiology is a sub-discipline of epidemiology explicitly investigating social determinants of population distributions of health, disease, and well-being. Persistent pattern of social inequalities in health in spite of the broad improvement in the physical environment over the last centuries necessitated the development of this field as an approach to understand disease etiology that incorporates social experiences as more direct determinant of health. Social epidemiology incorporates theories, measurement tools, and techniques from a wide variety of other social sciences. A population perspective, the social context of behavior, contextual multilevel analysis, a developmental and life-course perspective, and general susceptibility to disease are the most important guiding concepts in social epidemiology.

Digital Epidemiology: Use of Digital Data Collected for Non-epidemiological Purposes in Epidemiological Studies

박현애,정혜실,온정아,박슬기,강한나 대한의료정보학회 2018 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.24 No.4

Objectives: We reviewed digital epidemiological studies to characterize how researchers are using digital data by topic domain, study purpose, data source, and analytic method. Methods: We reviewed research articles published within the last decade that used digital data to answer epidemiological research questions. Data were abstracted from these articles using a data collection tool that we developed. Finally, we summarized the characteristics of the digital epidemiological studies. Results: We identified six main topic domains: infectious diseases (58.7%), non-communicable diseases (29.4%), mental health and substance use (8.3%), general population behavior (4.6%), environmental, dietary, and lifestyle (4.6%), and vital status (0.9%). We identified four categories for the study purpose: description (22.9%), exploration (34.9%), explanation (27.5%), and prediction and control (14.7%). We identified eight categories for the data sources: web search query (52.3%), social media posts (31.2%), web portal posts (11.9%), webpage access logs (7.3%), images (7.3%), mobile phone network data (1.8%), global positioning system data (1.8%), and others (2.8%). Of these, 50.5% used correlation analyses, 41.3% regression analyses, 25.6% machine learning, and 19.3% descriptive analyses. Conclusions: Digital data collected for non-epidemiological purposes are being used to study health phenomena in a variety of topic domains. Digital epidemiology requires access to large datasets and advanced analytics. Ensuring open access is clearly at odds with the desire to have as little personal data as possible in these large datasets to protect privacy. Establishment of data cooperatives with restricted access may be a solution to this dilemma.

Veterinary epidemiology: Concept and mission

( Ha Chung Yoon ),( Oun Kyong Moon ),( Youn Ju Kim ),( Do Soon Kim ) 한국예방수의학회(구 한국수의공중보건학회) 2012 예방수의학회지 Vol.36 No.3

The Veterinary Epidemiology Division of The Animal, Plant, and Fisheries Quarantine and Inspection Agency (QIA) was established in 2002. It is the first governmental organization in the Republic of Korea to be charged with the epidemiological task of managing veterinary public health. In commemorating the previous efforts of this organization, this paper describes the brief history, concept, tools, and approaches of veterinary epidemiology. The mission of veterinary epidemiology, as a leader of ``One Health``, to improve the public health status of human and animal is also discussed.

Veterinary epidemiology: History, roles and perspectives

윤하청,정우석,안효영,조영미,문운경 한국예방수의학회 2013 예방수의학회지 Vol.37 No.2

The concept of veterinary epidemiology had been established in 1960s. It has come a long way during the last 50 decades in interacting with other disciplines. This study describes the initial history of veterinary epidemiology, contribution to the progress of veterinary science, trend of research including surveillance and epidemiological tools, and the perspectives. The epidemiological approach should stay collaborative, interdisciplinary and trans-sectional as it has been developed on the basis of multiple causation theory. The convergence of the One Health and the Ecohealth must be one way for the veterinary epidemiology to go in the near future.

역학연구결과에 의한 인과관계의 증명

이연갑 ( Yeon Kab Lee ) 법조협회 2012 法曹 Vol.61 No.7

Recently Korean courts are struggling with epidemiologic data in toxic tort cases such as cigarette case, dioxin case, and air pollution case. However, courts do not have a clear and consistent standard which would enable judges to understand and analyze the epidemiologic data. In this article, the author provides some basic knowledge regarding the epidemiology. Then the author goes on explaining how to analyze the data from the judges` point of view. He argues that the epidemiology should be given proper weight in the courtroom. Unlike some scholars who maintains that epidemiology has no relevance with the cause-in-fact issue, the author claims that the judges should understand the epidemiology and use it to find the cause-in-fact in toxic tort cases. However, the author also warns that the judges should be very careful when they evaluate the evidence because the epidemiology has a lot of shortcomings. He urges the judges to get prepared with this complex science and utilize its potential to reach a fair judgement.