Edge effects confirmed at the clear-cut area of Korean red pine forest in Uljin, eastern Korea

Jung, Song Hie,Lim, Chi Hong,Kim, A Reum,Woo, Dong Min,Kwon, Hye Jin,Cho, Yong Chan,Lee, Chang Seok The Ecological Society of Korea 2017 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.41 No.10

Background: Forest edges create distinctive ecological space as adjacent constituents, which distinguish between different ecosystems or land use types. These edges are made by anthropogenic or natural disturbance and affects both abiotic and biotic factors gradually. This study was carried out to assess edge effects on disturbed landscape at the pine-dominated clear-cut area in a genetic resources reserve in Uljin-gun, eastern Korea. This study aims to estimate the distance of edge influence by analyzing changes of abiotic and biotic factors along the distance from forest edge. Further, we recommend forest management strategy for sustaining healthy forest landscapes by reducing effects of deforestation. Results: Distance of edge effect based on the abiotic factors varied from 8.2 to 33.0 m. The distances were the longest in $Mg^{2+}$ content and total nitrogen, $K^+$, $Ca^{2+}$ contents, canopy openness, light intensity, air humidity, $Na^+$ content, and soil temperature followed. The result based on biotic factors varied from 6.8 to 29.5 m, coverage of tree species in the herb layer showed the longest distance and coverage of shrub plant in the herb layer, evenness, species diversity, total coverage of herb layer, and species richness followed. As the result of calculation of edge effect by synthesizing 26 factors measured in this study, the effect was shown from 11.0 m of the forest interior to 22.4 m of the open space. In the result of stand ordination, Rhododendron mucronulatum, R. schlippenbachii, and Fraxinus sieboldiana dominated arrangement of forest interior sites and Quercus mongolica, Vitis amurensis, and Rubus crataegifolius dominated spatial distribution of the open area plots. Conclusions: Forest interior habitat lies within the influence of both abiotic and biotic edge effects. Therefore, we need a forest management strategy to sustain the stability of the plant and further animal communities that depend on its stable conditions. For protecting forest interior, we recommend selective logging as a harvesting method for minimizing edge effects by anthropogenic disturbance. In fact, it was known that selective logging contributes to control light availability and wind regime, which are key factors affecting microclimate. In addition, ecological restoration applying protective planting for the remaining forest in the clear-cut area could contribute to prevent continuous disturbance in forest interior.

Edge effects confirmed at the clear-cut area of Korean red pine forest in Uljin, eastern Korea

정송희,임치홍,김아름,우동민,권혜진,조용찬,이창석 한국생태학회 2017 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.41 No.10

Background: Forest edges create distinctive ecological space as adjacent constituents, which distinguish between different ecosystems or land use types. These edges are made by anthropogenic or natural disturbance and affects both abiotic and biotic factors gradually. This study was carried out to assess edge effects on disturbed landscape at the pine-dominated clear-cut area in a genetic resources reserve in Uljin-gun, eastern Korea. This study aims to estimate the distance of edge influence by analyzing changes of abiotic and biotic factors along the distance from forest edge. Further, we recommend forest management strategy for sustaining healthy forest landscapes by reducing effects of deforestation. Results: Distance of edge effect based on the abiotic factors varied from 8.2 to 33.0 m. The distances were the longest in Mg2+ content and total nitrogen, K+, Ca2+ contents, canopy openness, light intensity, air humidity, Na+ content, and soil temperature followed. The result based on biotic factors varied from 6.8 to 29.5 m, coverage of tree species in the herb layer showed the longest distance and coverage of shrub plant in the herb layer, evenness, species diversity, total coverage of herb layer, and species richness followed. As the result of calculation of edge effect by synthesizing 26 factors measured in this study, the effect was shown from 11.0 m of the forest interior to 22.4 m of the open space. In the result of stand ordination, Rhododendron mucronulatum, R. schlippenbachii, and Fraxinus sieboldiana dominated arrangement of forest interior sites and Quercus mongolica, Vitis amurensis, and Rubus crataegifolius dominated spatial distribution of the open area plots. Conclusions: Forest interior habitat lies within the influence of both abiotic and biotic edge effects. Therefore, we need a forest management strategy to sustain the stability of the plant and further animal communities that depend on its stable conditions. For protecting forest interior, we recommend selective logging as a harvesting method for minimizing edge effects by anthropogenic disturbance. In fact, it was known that selective logging contributes to control light availability and wind regime, which are key factors affecting microclimate. In addition, ecological restoration applying protective planting for the remaining forest in the clear-cut area could contribute to prevent continuous disturbance in forest interior.

Image Restoration using Weighted Octagonal Median Filter

Eun-Kyung Lee,Cheol-Hun Na 한국정보통신학회 2021 2016 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE Vol.12 No.1

One of the most important tasks in image processing is noise filtering. Noise removal in image is a difficult task due to many reasons such as nonstationary sequences and corrupted by various types of noise. Human’s visual perception is heavily based on the edge information. Thus, noise filtering must preserve edges. To remove the noise, we usually use the square-shaped median filter. They possess mathematical simplicity but have the disadvantages that blur the edges. In this paper we consider a new technique for image restoration using a weighted octagonal median filter. This technique consists of simple hypothesis test for edge detection, and we use the weighted octagonal-shaped moving window. The new technique is applied to noise corrupted image and experimental results are compared to the results of the square-shaped median filter and the cross-shaped median filter.

가중 팔각형 메디안 필터를 이용한 영상 복원

이은영,나철훈,이은경 한국정보통신학회 2021 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.25 No.2

영상 처리에서 중요한 연구 분야 중 하나는 잡음 제거이다. 영상의 잡음 제거는 비정상 시퀀스 및 다양한 유형의 잡음에 의한 손상과 같은 여러 이유로 인해 해결하기 어려운 문제이기 때문이다. 인간의 시각적 인식은 에지 정보에 크게 의존한다. 따라서 잡음 제거 시 반드시 에지 정보를 보존해야 한다. 노이즈를 제거하기 위해 일반적으로 정방형 메디안필터를 사용한다. 이 방법은 수학적 단순성을 가지고 있지만 에지 영역을 흐리게 한다는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 영상 내에 존재하는 잡음을 효과적으로 제거하기 위해서 에지 검출 알고리즘을 갖는 가중 팔각형 메디안 필터를 사용한 새로운 메디안 필터 윈도우를 제안하였다. 이 방법은 에지를 검출하기 위해 움직이는 가중 팔각형 창을 사용하였다. 그리고 결과를 일반 메디안 필터, 격자형 메디안 필터 그리고 본 논문에서 제안한 가중 팔각형 메디안 필터의 결과와 비교하였다. 실험 결과, 에지 검출 알고리즘을 갖는 가중 팔각형 메디안 필터를 이용한 영상 복원이 일반 메디안 필터나 격자형 메디안 필터를 사용한 결과보다 좋은 성능을 가짐을 확인하였다. One of the most important tasks in image processing is noise filtering. Noise removal in image is a difficult task due to many reasons such as nonstationary sequences and corrupted by various types of noise. Human’s visual perception is heavily based on the edge information. Thus, noise filtering must preserve edges. To remove the noise, we usually use the square-shaped median filter. They possess mathematical simplicity but have the disadvantages that blur the edges. In this paper we consider a new technique for image restoration using a weighted octagonal median filter. The technique consists of simple hypothesis test for edge detection, and we use the weighted octagonal-shaped moving window. The new technique is applied to noise corrupted image and experimental results are compared to the results of the square-shaped median filter and the cross-shaped median filter.

도시림 식생의 생태적 특성과 복원모델

김석규 ( Seok Kyu Kim ),주경중 ( Kyeong Jung Ju ),남정칠 ( Jung Chil Nam ),박승범 ( Seung Burm Park ) 한국환경보건기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2010 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this study is suggest to restoration model of Pinus thunbergii in Saha-gu, Busan. The result of this study is summarized as follows. As the results of this study, vegetation restoration model is presented by separating community planting and edge planting. In community planting, as a group of canopy, there are 6 species; Pinus thunbergii, Quercus acutissima, Quercus dentata, Quercus serrata, Quercus alienna, Quercus variabilis. As a group of understory, there are 5 species; Platycarya strobilacea, Prunus sargentii, Styrax japonica, Eurya japonica, Morus bombycis. Also as a group of shrub, there were 15 kinds of species; Ulmus pavifolia, Ulmus davidiana, Lindera obtusiloba, Elaeagnus macrophylla, Mallotus japonicus, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Sorbus alnifolia, Rhus trichocarpa, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Rosa wichuraiana, Rhus chinensis, Viburnum erosum, Rhododendron mucronulatum, Rhododendron yedoense, Indigofera pseudotinctoria. And as a group of edge vegetation, there were 10 kinds of species; Japanese Angelica, Symplocos chinensis, Pittosporum tobira, Lespedeza maximowiczii, Lespedeza bicolor, Rubus coreanus, Rubus idaeus, Vitis thunbergii, Ampelopsis brevipedunculata, Rosa multiflora. Vegetation restoration models of Pinus thunbergii community were calculated the units 400m2 for the average populations of the woody layer is 24 in canopy layer, 35 in understory layer, 410 in shrub layer, 34% herbaceous layer ground cover. And the average of breast-high area and canopy area is 10,852cm2 in canopy layer, in understory layer 1,546cm2, in shrub layer 1,158,660cm2. The shortest distance between trees is calculated as 2.0m in canopy layer, 1.9m in understory layer.

1/4 선택 필터를 이용한 번짐 영상의 외곽선 복원

정우진(Woo-Jin Jeong),이종민(Jong-Min Lee),김재영(Chaeyoung Kim),문영식(Young-Shik Moon) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2015 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.20 No.1

본 논문에서는 번짐 영상의 외곽선 복원을 위한 1/4 선택 필터를 제안한다. 일반적인 열화 제거 방법들은 연산량이 많아 수행시간이 오래 걸리는 단점을 가지고 있다. 따라서 속도 향상을 위해서 1/4 선택 필터를 새롭게 제안하고, 1/4 선택 필터를 이용한 번짐 영상의 외곽선 복원 방법을 제안한다. 1/4 선택 필터는 영상의 외곽선을 복원하는 기능이 있으나 세밀한 부분을 잃어버리는 단점이 있다. 이를 보완하기 위하여 영상의 주요 외곽선은 1/4 선택 필터로 복원하고 영상의 세밀한 정보는 DOG(Difference of Gaussian) 필터를 이용하여 복원하는 번짐 현상 제거 방법을 제안한다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안하는 방법이 번짐 영상에서 외곽선을 빠르고 효과적으로 복원함을 확인하였다. In this paper, we propose a deblurring method using 1/4 selective filter. Deblurring methods require a lot of processing time for deblurring. In order to enhance execution speed, we propose a novel 1/4 selective filter. The proposed 1/4 selective filter restores major edge, but it distorts minor edge and texture. To solve this problem, we apply 1/4 selective filter to restore major edge and DOG(Difference of Gaussian) filter to restore minor edge and texture. Experimental results show that the proposed method removes the blur effectively.

에지 위치 추정을 통한 이진 파형의 복원

金廷泰(Jeongtae Kim) 대한전기학회 2006 전기학회논문지 D Vol.55 No.7

We have proposed an image restoration method for a bi-level waveforms whose number of edges is known to us. Based on the information, we parametrize a bi-level waveform using the locations of edges and restore the waveform by estimating the parameter. We estimated the locations by maximizing the correlation coefficients between the bi-level waveform and the measured waveform. In experiments using two dimensional barcode images of the PDF417 specification, the proposed method showed better performance than conventional methods in the sense that the proposed method was able to decode barcode images that were not decoded by the conventional methods.

연구논문 : 도시지역 곰솔림의 식생복원모델

김석규 ( Seok Kyu Kim ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2011 환경영향평가 Vol.20 No.2

The purpose of this study is suggest to restoration model of Pinus thunbergii in Saha-gu, Busan Metropolitan City. The result of this study is summarized as follows; As the results of this study, vegetation restoration model is presented by separating community planting and edge planting. The community planting species of tree layer were Pinus thunbergii and Quercus acutissima and Quercus dentata and Quercus serrata and Quercus alienna and Quercus variabilis. The community planting species of subtree layer were Platycarya strobilacea and Prunus sargentii and Styrax japonica and Eurya japonica and Morus bombycis. The community planting species of shrub layer are Ulmus pavifolia and Ulmus davidiana and Lindera obtusiloba and Elaeagnus macrophylla and Mallotus japonicus and Ligustrum obtusifolium and Sorbus alnifolia and Rhus trichocarpa and Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Rosa wichuraiana and Rhus chinensis and Viburnum erosum and Rhododendron mucronulatum and Rhododendron yedoense and Indigofera pseudotinctoria. And the planting species of edge vegetation are Japanese Angelica and Symplocos chinensis and Pittosporum tobira and Lespedeza maximowiczii and Lespedeza bicolor and Rubus coreanus and Rubus idaeus and Vitis thunbergii and Ampelopsis brevipedunculata and Rosa multiflora. Considering the population of individuals up to layers in each 400m(2) area, it was composed of 24 in tree layer, 35 in subtree layer, 410 in shrub layer and 34% herb layer in the Pinus thunbergii community. And the average of breast-high area and canopy area was 10,852cm(2) in tree layer, in subtree layer 1,546cm(2), in shrub layer 1,158,660cm(2). The shortest distance between trees was calculated as 2.0m in tree layer, 1.9m in subtree layer.

A Windowed-Total-Variation Regularization Constraint Model for Blind Image Restoration

Ganghua Liu,Wei Tian,Yushun Luo,Juncheng Zou,Shu Tang 한국정보처리학회 2022 Journal of information processing systems Vol.18 No.1

Blind restoration for motion-blurred images is always the research hotspot, and the key for the blind restorationis the accurate blur kernel (BK) estimation. Therefore, to achieve high-quality blind image restoration, thisthesis presents a novel windowed-total-variation method. The proposed method is based on the spatial scale ofedges but not amplitude, and the proposed method thus can extract useful image edges for accurate BKestimation, and then recover high-quality clear images. A large number of experiments prove the superiority.

Extensive Experimental Analysis of Image Statistical Measures for Image Processing Appliances

Aqsa Rashid,Muhammad Khurrum Rahim 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.3

Focal intention of this paper is to emphasize the appliance of the basic image statics for image restoration, de-blurring, de-noising, enhancement, edge detection, edge sharpening, finding edge position and many more root level appliances of image processing and computer vision. For the evaluation and study of restoration, de-blurring and de-noising, some noise molds are discussed and then for the estimation of the results of statistics, some amount of different types of noise have been added to the image and then the process of filtration is performed for scrutiny the effect. For scrutiny of enhancement some de-enhanced or low contrast image are used. Some image quality measures i.e., Mean Square Error, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio Discussion and conclusions drawn from the experimental results are the comparative study of these appliances of image processing. This paper provide the detail study of selected appliances of image processing and computer vision experimentally, evaluate the performance, compare result on literature and give trend what can be done for new and better loom.