Influence of Drone Self-magnetic Noise on Airborne Magnetic Exploration

( Nobusuke Hasegawa ),( Atsushi Mitsui ),( Masataka Kawano ),( Rahul R. Mhaskar ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2

Drones are already being used in various applications. In geophysical exploration, drones are expected not only as a technology to realize low-cost aerial surveys replacing aircraft, but also as a technology to open up new applications by high-density data acquisition at low altitudes, easy access to difficult-areas to enter and more efficient exploration than land surveys. However, geophysical exploration using a drone has only just begun to be considered. In this study, the authors examined magnetic exploration using a drone. A drone itself becomes a magnetic noise source. For this reason, a technique for reducing magnetic noise due to drone is required. A drone body acts as a DC noise. Driving the motor to control the drone body generates fluctuating magnetic noise. In this study, the authors carried out magnetic exploration using MagArrow which is developed by Geometrics (USA) as a magnetometer for a drone. The measurement was performed by hanging MagArrow three meters below from the drone. As a result, the magnetic noise caused by the drone was large during hovering. Swaying MagArrow like a pendulum during the measurement hardly affected as magnetic noise. On the other hand, the change in the flying speed of the drone becomes the magnetic noise, because the changes in motor power consumption generate magnetic noise. So, it was found that the hanging length of three meters from the drone was not sufficient during hovering, and it is important to keep the velocity constant during magnetic measurement.

소방드론 도입에 따른 소방공무원의 인식과 드론의 운용 및 활용에 대한 연구 - 전라남도 소방공무원을 중심으로

하강훈(Kang Hun Ha),김재호(Jae Ho Kim),최재욱(Jae Wook Choi) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.6

본 연구의 목적은 전라남도 소방공무원을 대상으로 소방드론이 필요한 업무 및 활용분야, 드론 교육의 필요성과 참여 여부 등 드론의 활용방안을 분석을 통해 제시하는 것이다. 설문조사 결과, 응답자의 80.29%는 드론을 운용해볼 의사가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 드론이 가장 필요하다고 생각하는 업무 분야는 구조, 화재진압, 생활안전, 구급, 기타순으로 나타났다. 또한 응답자의 77.38%는 드론이 소방공무원의 안전사고 예방에 기여할 것이라 생각하고 있으며, 70.13%의 응답자는 소방드론 운영인력은 보직 변경을 통해 운영하는 것이 적정하다는 의견을 제시하였으며, 운용 연령대는 40대를 가장 많이 선택하였다. 또한 이들 응답자 중 82.84%가 드론 교육에 참여의사가 있는 것으로 나타났으며 드론의 활용이 소방 공무원의 고령화에 따른 체력관리와 퇴직 관리에 도움이 될 것으로 인식하였다. 소방드론의 업무활용 영역은 요구조자 탐색, 현장 정보 확인, 현장 사전위험도 확인 등의 순으로 나타났다. 드론운영경험에 따른 집단별 차이분석에서는 요구조자들에 대한 안전조치 항목, 드론 운용대원의 확보방안 등의 항목에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며, 근무경력별 분산분석에서는 드론의 활용분야와 관련된 4가지 항목들, 그리고 드론의 운용대원 연령대 및 퇴직관리 도움여부 항목 등 총 8개 항목에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있음을 확인하였다. The purpose of this study was to present a method for the application of drones through analysis after surveying Jeollanam-do firefighters regarding the recognition, operation, field of application, necessary field of work, and the need for education on fire drones. As a result of the survey, 80.29% of respondents were found to be willing to operate drones, and the fields of work for which drones were considered the most necessary were in the order of rescue, fire suppression, life safety, first aid, and others. Besides, 77.38% of respondents thought that drones could contribute to the prevention of safety accidents for firefighters, and 70.13% of respondents thought that it would be appropriate to recruit firefighting drone operators through changing positions, and respondents chose firefighters in their 40s as the most suitable age group for firefighting drone operation. Also, 82.84% of respondents said they would participate in drone training, and they recognized that the use of drones could contribute to solving the physical problems caused by the aging of firefighters, and that drone training would also help firefighters manage their retirement. The fields where firefighting drones are used were investigated in the order of searching for requestors, checking on-site information, and checking on-site prior risk. In this study, a difference analysis for each group was performed according to the drone operation experience. There was a statistically significant difference in the items of safety measures for requestors. The results of variance analysis by work experience confirmed that there were statistically significant differences in a total of eight items, including four items related to the field of use of drones, and the age group of the drone operating crew, and whether or not to help retirement management.

Research on legal improvement measurements on drone use

Jong-Ryeol Park(박종렬),Sang-Ouk Noe(노상욱) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2017 韓國컴퓨터情報學會論文誌 Vol.22 No.3

The main subject of year 2016 Davos forum was “The 4th Industrial Revolution.” Recently, interests and investment in drone market, so called industrial revolution in the sky is growing in many countries around the world. Before, drone was used for military purpose such as reconnaissance or attacking but today, it is used in various private sectors such as unmanned delivery service, agriculture, leisure activities, etc. Presently, many major countries in the world are already involved in the ‘war without gunfire’ to be dominant in this drone industry. Korean government also has announced an extreme relaxation of regulations for growing drone industry by opening a conference with Ministers related to economics. During the conference, business scope of drone which was limited to agriculture, photographing, and observation was expanded to all the fields except for cases hindering national safety and security. In terms of shooting purpose drone its process of receiving approval for flight and shooting is simplified to online registration. What is more, drone delivery service will be allowed in island areas such as Goheung, Yeongwol, etc from first term of year 2017. Finding the way to apply drone in criminal investigation is also speeding up. Recently, Public Safety Policy Research Center in Korean National Police University has inquired for research service and its result will be out around November. Likewise, although more and stronger foundation for supporting drone industry is made but there are still, some opinions saying that we should take a careful approach in consideration to the side effect such as abuse in crime. One may also try terror by placing a dangerous substance. If drone falls, it may hurt any civilians. Moreover, if shopping purpose drone is hacked, it may result in violation of privacy. Compared to America, Europe, and China, we are at the very beginning stage of drone industry and it is necessary to reorganize legal issues to grow this industry. This can be thought from two perspectives; first, the growth of drone industry is blocked by difficult regulations on Aviation Law and Radio Regulation Law. The second issue is the safety and privacy that are required for operating drone. For the advanced technologies to make human life more profitable, more active and proactive actions are required by criminal law side. In preparation to the second mechanical era where man and machines should go together, I hope that responsible preparation is required in all fields including the criminal law.

군집 드론의 동시제어를 위한 멀티채널 송신 시스템 구현

이성호,한경호,Lee, Seong-Ho,Han, Kyong-Ho 대한전기학회 2017 전기학회논문지 Vol.66 No.1

Communication technologies hold a significant place in the swarm flight of drones for surveillance, inspection of disasters and calamities, entertainment performances, and drone collaborations. A GCS(ground control station) for the control of drone swarms needs its devoted communication method to control a large number of drones at the same time. General drone controllers control drones by connecting transmitters and drones in 1:1. When such an old communication method is employed to control many drones simultaneously, problems can emerge with the control of many transmitter modules connected to a GCS and frequency interference among them. This study implemented a transmitter controller to control many drones simultaneously with a communication chip of 2.4GHz ISM band and a Cortex M4-based board. It also designed a GCS to control many transmitter controllers via a network. The hierarchical method made it possible to control many more drones. In addition, the problem with frequency interference was resolved by implementing a time- and frequency-sharing method, controlling many drones simultaneously, and adding the frequency hopping feature. If PPM and S.BUS protocol features are added to it, it will be compatible with more diverse transmitters and drones.

무인항공기 드론 사고의 법적 책임과 보험제도

김주표 한국기업법학회 2018 企業法硏究 Vol.32 No.4

Drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle which is made and utilized to perform designated mission by equipping various devices such as infrared radar through radio wave guidance. While drone has been mainly used for maintaining national security, monitoring, surveillance, and military duties, the commercial drone market got active recently and the utilization of drone is expanding to various fields such as distribution (shipping), agricultural use (pesticide, pest control), sports, news gathering (filming video), and leisure activity. However, for the safe operation of unmanned aerial vehicle, it is necessary to solve legal liability issue and arrange insurance system. Drone accident involves accident due to mistake of operator, accident due to defect of drone, and accident due to hacking or system virus. In addition, drone may infringe other’s privacy due to intentional mistake of operator or drone may collide with other drones. When such drone-related accident happens, it applies to civil liability and involves liability for damages in life, body, or property. Although there is a Rome Convention as the international agreement for regulating the liability, Rome Convention is not fulfilling its roll. Thus, it is likely for the drone-related accident to be settled by the domestic law of each country. The drone accident caused by the mistake of operator may be applied with civil law or commercial law and the drone accident caused by the defect from manufacturer, system malfunctioning, and network error may involve controversies over applying the product liability. Thus, to recognize the liability relationship between the related parties through various drone-related accidents, legal liability and controversies and to develop various effective insurance system, it is necessary to review the insurance terms related to drone damage and response actively toward the development of insurance system for drone. 무인항공기 드론은 조종자가 탑승하지 않고 무선전파 유도에 의해 적외선 레이더 센서 등 다양한 장비를 탑재하여 지정된 임무를 수행할 수 있도록 제작되어 활용되고 있다. 그동안은 국가안보 유지와 감시 및 정찰, 군사적 임무를 주로 수행해 왔다면, 상업용 드론 시장이 활발해진 최근의 드론에 대한 활용도는 민간부문의 유통(배송), 농업용(병충해 농약 방제), 스포츠, 취재(영상촬영), 레저 활동 등의 다양한 분야로 영역이 확대되고 있다. 그러나 아직 무인항공기 드론의 안전한 운행을 위해선 선결해야 할 법적 책임 문제와 보험제도의 마련이 시급하다. 드론 사고는 조종자의 운영상 과실로 인한 사고와 드론 자체의 결함으로 인한 사고, 해킹이나 시스템 바이러스 등의 사고가 있다. 또한 운행자의 고의과실로 인한 타인의 사생활을 침해하는 경우나 드론 간 충돌사고도 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 사고로 인한 책임은 민사상 책임으로서 대부분 지상 제3자에 대한 인적 손해와 재산상 물적 손해배상책임이다. 이러한 책임을 규율하는 국제협약으로 로마협약이 있지만, 국제협약의 역할을 못하고 있다. 따라서 현재로서는 각 국의 국내법에 의하여 해결될 가능성이 클 것으로 판단된다. 무인항공기 운영자의 과실로 인한 사고는 민법이나 상법이 적용될 수 있고, 무인항공기 드론의 제조사의 결함으로 인한 사고가 발생했을 경우와 운행 시스템의 오작동이나 네트워크 장애로 인한 사고가 발생한 경우 제조물 책임의 적용 여부에 대한 논란이 생길 수 있다. 따라서 무인항공기 드론으로 야기되는 다양한 유형의 사고와 법적 책임과 쟁점을 통해 사고당사자들의 책임 관계를 인식시키고 효율적 보험 상품을 개발하기 위해 드론 피해와 연관된 보험 규정 및 요율을 검토하고 전용상품 개발에 적극적으로 대처해야 할 것이다.

군집 드론의 동시제어를 위한 멀티채널 송신 시스템 구현

이성호(Seong-Ho Lee),한경호(Kyong-Ho Han) 대한전기학회 2017 전기학회논문지 Vol.66 No.2

Communication technologies hold a significant place in the swarm flight of drones for surveillance, inspection of disasters and calamities, entertainment performances, and drone collaborations. A GCS(ground control station) for the control of drone swarms needs its devoted communication method to control a large number of drones at the same time. General drone controllers control drones by connecting transmitters and drones in 1:1. When such an old communication method is employed to control many drones simultaneously, problems can emerge with the control of many transmitter modules connected to a GCS and frequency interference among them. This study implemented a transmitter controller to control many drones simultaneously with a communication chip of 2.4GHz ISM band and a Cortex M4-based board. It also designed a GCS to control many transmitter controllers via a network. The hierarchical method made it possible to control many more drones. In addition, the problem with frequency interference was resolved by implementing a time- and frequency-sharing method, controlling many drones simultaneously, and adding the frequency hopping feature. If PPM and S.BUS protocol features are added to it, it will be compatible with more diverse transmitters and drones.

A Case Study of Domestic/International Drone Threat/Terror and Classification of Drone Threat Types

Taegwan Do,Hyeseung Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2023 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.21 No.2

In recent times, drone technology has been rapidly advancing and becoming increasingly popular. Furthermore, there has been an increase in the number of crimes and terrorism cases targeting national facilities using drones. This study aims to categorize the types of drone threats that could pose future risks to nuclear power plants. For this study, we are investigating domestic and foreign drone terrorism cases and identifying the specifications of drones used. It has been confirmed that products from Chinese DJI companies have frequently appeared as commercial drones used in terrorism. This suggests that conversion of general commercial drones into weapons can be effectively utilized for terrorist activities. There is an elevated risk of terrorism involving multiple small drones. Nuclear power plants must also devise protective measures against a large influx of drones. Additionally, it is predicted that North Korea is developing drones equipped with return technology through GPS-based autonomous mission flights. North Korea’s drones are presumed to have been converted from Chinese drones (SKY-09P, UV10CAM, etc.). According to the analysis based on the weight and size of the drone, drones weighting less than 150 kg and wingspan of less than 3 m are used for terrorism. To effectively detect drones, it is necessary to implement measures such as integrating and deploying various equipment to compensate for equipment limitations (radio waves, radar, video, sound, etc.). In the case of long-distance flight, a number of fixed-wing drones capable of autonomous mission flight and long-distance flight were used. North Korea’s drones use GPS-based autonomous mission flights, so it is necessary to prepare drones that do not transmit RF signals to detect them. Both RF signal detection and GPS jamming should be carried out, with GPS jamming taking precedence, even in the case of fixedwing drones. The results of this study could contribute to enhancing the level of physical protection of nuclear power plants.

Cases of Overseas Drone Threats at Nuclear Power Plants

Sangjun Lee 한국방사성폐기물학회 2023 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.21 No.2

As drones expand beyond military purposes to the private sector, the level of use of drones in various fields is increasing. However, the world was shocked by the attempt to attack with a drone equipped with a C4 bomb in the US and the attempt to assassinate a head of state using a drone in Venezuela. Drone threats to domestic nuclear power plants are also increasing due to the expansion of drone use, terrorist threats, and North Korea’s invasion of drones. Overseas, various drone threats to nuclear power plants have occurred. In October 2014, French electricity company Electricite de France confirmed that it had observed unauthorized drones over seven nuclear power plants across France. A drone threat occurred at the Savannah River Site (SRS), a U.S. Department of Energy facility that processes and stores nuclear materials. In 2016, eight drones were observed by security personnel. In 2016, a drone flew over the cooling tower of the Liebstadt nuclear power plant in Switzerland, and publicly shared the filmed video on YouTube. In July 2018, Greenpeace activists intentionally crashed a drone into the outer wall of the spent fuel building in Boughey, France. In January 2019, they used drones to drop smoke bombs and release videos at Orangeo’s nuclear facility containing irradiated fuel. In January 22, Sweden saw drones flying over three nuclear power plants. Drone was also seen at the Forsmark nuclear power plant on Friday and at two other Swedish nuclear power plants in Oskarshamn and Ringhals on Monday. Anti-drone technology to counter the threat of drone terrorism is also developing. Anti-drone technology detects, tracks, and identifies illegal drones to neutralize them. Various technologies such as radar, EO/IR cameras, Lidar, sensor, and RF scanners are being developed for drone detection. Depending on the detection technology, it has advantages such as detection distance and remote control drone detection. However, there are also disadvantages, such as obstacles, weather condition, and the inability to detect drones that do not transmit signals. Methods such as jammer, capture, and destruction have been developed for incapacitation technology. While it has advantages such as stability and portability, it has disadvantages such as limited use and damage to the surroundings. Accordingly, it is necessary to draw realistic measures to defend against the threat of nuclear power plants by paying constant attention to the various detection, identification, and neutralization anti-drone systems that continue to evolve.

DRONE RACING SPECTATING: THE EFFECTS OF SPECTATING MODES ON AUDIENCE IMMERSION AND PRESENCE

Young-Seok Kim,Mijung Kim 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2018 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2018 No.07

Today, hundreds of millions of people spectate eSports. eSports fans are spending their time watching live internet broadcasts, referred to as streams, on platforms such as YouTube and Twitch. With the high levels of interaction and the live-broadcasting nature, eSports streaming consumption lead to a significant effect on eSports industry (Sj?blom & Hamari, 2017). As a result, eSport has been growing definitely as a viable spectator sport (Bornemark, 2013). In the line with it, drone racing is gaining popularity as a sport type where players control drones, typically radio-controlled aircrafts equipped with cameras, by wearing head-mounted displays (HMD) showing the live stream camera feed of first person view point from the drones. Recently, drone racing has been recognized as a new type of eSports since it involves digital communication technology, specifically virtual reality (VR) technology, and cutting edge computing and control engineering to produce aircrafts that are capable of speeds in excess of 150 Kilometer per hour and acceleration as fast as F1 cars. In essence, drone racing combines VR gaming with real world action to create a new genre, Mixed Reality Sports. The uniqueness of drone racing comes from the first person perspective. Due to first person view display glasses, pilots immerse into their drones; they experience the feeling of sitting on the nose of the drone. Furthermore, the immersive experience can be shared with the spectators through the first person view video that the pilots see. Drone racing provides its spectators this type of unique immersive experience, but the problem is that spectators of first person view drone racing can easily get motion sickness/VR sickness. Moreover, spectators can easily miss out on what is happening and thus need some structure to the experience (Hemb, 2017). A proper system is needed to provide unprecedented immersive experiences to them and VR technology can provide more optimal views for spectating drone race. However, there are only a few studies on what drone racing spectators want to see and how they enjoy VR content of drone racing. Therefore, the goal of this study is to assess and evaluate drone racing spectating. A series of spectating modes (mirroring, 3D and VR) is assessed in a series of experiments and user testing sessions to determine the preferred mode for spectating drone racing VR content and analyze the relationships between spectating modes and level of audience immersion and presence.

드론 사고 사례와 기술 동향에 따른 안티드론 대응 방안

심준형(Jun-Hyung Sim),황의천(Eu-Cheon Hwang),손창근(Chang-Gun Son),류연승(Yeon-Seung Ryu) 한국산학기술학회 2023 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.24 No.2

기존에 군사용 목적으로 개발된 드론은 기술 발전의 영향으로 관련 산업이 성장하고 드론 시장 역시 확대되고 있다. 이에 따라 드론 위험요인 역시 증가하고, 실제 드론으로 인한 다양한 사고들이 발생하고 있는 실정이다. 드론 위험 요인에 대한 대응 체계로서 등장한 안티드론은 탐지, 식별, 무력화의 과정을 통해 불법드론에 대응하고 있다. 실제로 많은 국가들이 드론 관련 사고 발생을 계기로 안티드론 시스템을 구축하고 있으며, 앞으로 드론 관련 기술 발전에 따라 드론의 활용도가 점진적으로 확대될 것으로 예상되는 만큼 우리나라에서도 드론 위험요인에 대한 실효성 있는 대응 체계의 구축이 요구된다. 또한 현재 활발하게 연구가 진행되고 있는 드론 무력화 기술의 실질적인 적용을 위해서는 드론 위험요인에 대한 정확한 파악이 전제되어야 하며, 특히 탐지와 식별 관련 기술 개발의 활성화가 요구된다. 향후 위험요인의 파악 및 고도화된 탐지 식별 기술을 토대로 보호 대상자나 시설물의 환경적 특성을 고려한 안티드론 대응 체계 방향이 설정되어야 할 것이다. Drones developed for military purposes are growing related industries and expanding the drone market due to technological advances. Accordingly, drone risk factors are also increasing, and various accidents due to actual drones are occurring. Anti-drone, which has emerged as a response system to drone risk factors, is responding to illegal drones through detection, identification, and neutralization. Indeed, many countries are building anti-drone systems in the wake of drone-related accidents. The use of drones is expected to expand gradually due to the development of drone-related technologies. Hence, Korea must establish an effective response system to drone risk factors. In addition, for the practical application of drone neutralization technology, which is currently being actively researched, accurate identification of drone risk factors must be premised. In particular, the development of detection and identification-related technologies is required. In the future, based on the identification of risk factors and advanced detection and identification technology, the direction of an anti-drone response system should be set, considering the environmental characteristics of persons subject to protection or facilities.