A Vison System to Improve the Safe Driving Management System

Donghyun Sung,Woon-Sung Lee 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국자동차공학회 Symposium Vol.2008 No.9

This paper describes our effort to add a vision system to the safe driving management system for performance enhancement. The safe driving management system monitors driver behavior, detects dangerous driving situations, and manages driving data effectively. A driving simulator has been used to evaluate effectiveness of the vision system in a laboratory environment. A low-cost CCD camera was placed on the roof of the driving simulator cabin. An image processing algorithm was developed to detect lanes and vehicles generated by computer graphics and displayed on a screen. The detection results of lane position, vehicle position and relative distance were combined with the dangerous driving detection algorithm to evaluate driver behavior more accurately. A case study on sudden stop and sudden lane change situations demonstrated the effectiveness of the vision system. The next step would be to test the vision system in a real driving environment.

EcoMon: 에코 드라이빙 모니터링 시스템

한동호(Han, Dongho),김상철(Kim, Sangchul) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.15 No.11

최근 지구 온난화와 에너지 고갈 문제가 심각해지면서, 차량의 에코 드라이빙 (에너지 절약형 운행)에 대한 관심이 높다. 본 논문에서는 ISG(공회전 제한 장치)가 장착된 차량의 공회전 제한 사용과 정속 운전을 모니터링하는 시스템을 제안 한다. 본 시스템은 차량 운행 정보 수집용 G/W 장치, 에코 드라이빙 모니터링용 스마트폰 앱 및 서버 시스템으로 구성된다. 본 논문의 주요 기여는 공회전 제한을 포함하는 에코 드라이빙의 모니터링 시스템이 제공해야 할 통합적인 기능, 구조 및 동작 원리를 정의한 것이다. 본 시스템을 통해 사용자는 공회전 제한 시간, 운전 속도, 연료 절감량, CO₂ 배출량 등을 확인해 봄으로써, 에코 드라이빙을 실천하는 좋은 운전 습관을 가지게 될 것이다. 서버 시스템은 운행 정보를 저장 또는 조회하는 기능을 OpenAPI 형태의 웹 서비스로 제공하여, 다양한 응용들을 쉽게 개발할 수 있는 환경을 제공한다. Since the advent of global warming and energy depletion, there has been great interest in eco-driving (energy-efficient driving). In this paper, a system is proposed to monitor the idle running of an engine and steady driving for a vehicle equipped with an ISG (Idling Stop & Go system). The system consists of a G/W device to acquire the vehicle operation data, a smartphone app for monitoring eco-driving and a server system. The main contribution of this paper is that it defines the integrated functions, the architecture and operation mechanisms of a system for monitoring eco-driving including the prohibition of running idle. The system enables the users to check the idling stop times, driving speeds, fuel savings, and CO₂ emissions, resulting in the driving style for eco-driving. The server system, which is a part of this system, provides OpenAPI-style web services for the storage and retrieval of car operation data, which facilitates the development of applications.

하이퍼레저 패브릭을 이용한 화물차 디지털 운행기록 단말기의 안전운행 보상시스템 구현

김용배,백주용,김종원 한국인터넷정보학회 2022 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.23 No.3

The safe driving reward system aims to reduce the loss of life and property by reducing the occurrence of accidents by motivating safe driving and encouraging active participation by providing direct reward to vehicle drivers who have performed safe driving. In the case of the existing digital tachograph, the goal is to limit dangerous driving by recording the driving status of the vehicle whereas the safe driving reward system is a support measure to increase the effect of accident prevention and induces safe driving with financial reward when safe driving is performed. In other words, in an area where accidents due to speeding are high, direct reward is provided to motivate safe driving to prevent traffic accidents when safe driving instructions such as speed compliance, maintaining distance between vehicles, and driving in designated lanes are performed. Since these safe operation data and reward histories must be managed transparently and safely, the reward evidences and histories were constructed using the closed blockchain Hyperledger Fabric. However, while transparency and safety are guaranteed in the blockchain system, low data processing speed is a problem. In this study, the sequential block generation speed was as low as 10 TPS(transaction per second), and as a result of applying the acceleration function a high-performance network of 1,000 TPS or more was implemented. 본 논문의 안전운행 보상시스템은 안전운전을 수행한 차량운전자에게 직접적인 보상을 제공하여 안전운전의 동기를 부여하고적극적 참여를 유도함으로써 사고의 발생을 줄여 생명과 재산의 손실을 줄이는데 목표가 있다. 기존의 디지털 운행기록계의 경우차량의 운전상태를 기록만 하였으나, 안전운전보상시스템은 사고예방 효과를 높이기 위한 지원책으로서 안전운전을 수행한 경우금전적 보상을 통해 위험운전을 피하고 안전운전을 하도록 유도하였다. 즉, 과속으로 인한 사고 발생 빈도가 높은 지역에서는 속도준수, 또는 차 간 거리 유지, 지정차로 운행 등의 안전운행 지시를 수행한 경우 직접적인 보상을 제공함으로써 안전운전 동기를부여하여 교통사고를 예방하고자 한다. 이러한 안전운행 데이터와 보상내용은 투명하고 안전하게 관리되어야 하므로 보상근거와보상내용을 폐쇄형 블록체인 하이퍼레저 패브릭을 이용하여 구축하였다. 그러나 블록체인 시스템은 투명성과 안전성이 보장되는반면에 낮은 데이터 처리속도가 문제가 되므로 이를 개선하고자 블록생성 가속 기능을 구현하였다. 본 연구에서는 순차적으로블록을 생성하는 속도가 10TPS(Transaction per second) 내외의 낮은 속도를 나타내어, 블록의 생성속도를 높이기 위해 가속 기능을적용한 결과 1,000TPS 이상의 고성능 네트워크를 구현하였다.

가상 운전 시뮬레이터를 이용한 족동 조향 시스템의 도로 주행 성능 평가

송정헌(Jeongheon Song),김용철(Yongchul Kim) 대한인간공학회 2017 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.36 No.6

Objective: The purpose of this research was to analyze the on-road driving performance of normal subjects for operating the foot operated steering devices in the virtual driving simulator. Background: According to the statistical data of the survey on physical condition of persons with disabilities in 2014, about 60,000 people in South Korea have problems with upper limbs. These people have a lot of difficulties in daily life in use upper extremities, such as eating, dressing, writing, and moving objects. They also have problems in driving a car because they cannot grasp and control a conventional steering wheel. Therefore, if foot operated steering devices are used for controlling the motor vehicles on the road, the disabled persons can improve mobility life by driving a car safely. Method: Twelve subjects were evaluated in this research to analyze on-road driving performance for operating different steering system by using three types of steering devices, e.g. conventional steering wheel, pedal type foot steering and circular type foot steering, in the virtual driving simulator. STISim Drive 3 software was used to test the on-road driving performance in the driving simulator. This research used One-Way ANOVA to analyze the influences of three different steering devices on the on-road driving performance. Results: Tukey test results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the conventional steering wheel and circular type foot steering system or pedal type steering system (p <0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference (p >0.05) between the circular type steering system and the pedal type steering system. The ANOVA test results showed that there was not statistically significant (p >0.05) difference conventional steering wheel user group in the first half period (session 1~session 5) and circular type or the pedal type foot steering user group in the second half period (session 6~session 10). Conclusion: The on-road driving performances with circular type and pedal type foot steering system in the second half period showed no significant statistical difference compared to conventional steering system in the first half period. In the case of using a foot operated steering system, the basic driving ability for acquiring a driver’s license is secured through a certain level of practice if there is no problem with the lower limb function. Application: This study can be used to evaluate the on-road driving performance and to improve their community mobility in people with upper limb disabilities by using foot operated steering system for adaptive vehicle.

비정상 주행패턴 분석을 통한 WIM 시스템 개선 연구

박제우 ( Park Je-u ),김영백 ( Kim Young Back ),정경호 ( Chung Kyung Ho ),안광선 ( Ahn Kwang Seon ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2010 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.11 No.4

WIM(Weigh-In-Motion) 시스템은 고속으로 이동 중인 차량의 무게를 측정하는 시스템이다. 기존의 WIM 시스템에서는 등속을 기준으로 차량의 무게를 측정하며 오차율이 10% 범위에 있다. 하지만 운전자의 가ㆍ감속 조작과 같은 비정상 주행패턴을 고려하고 있지 않으므로 실제 오차율은 더욱 크다. 이러한 오차를 최소화하기 위해서 비정상적인 주행패턴을 찾고 이를 적용한 개선된 WIM 시스템이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 WIM 시스템의 오차율에 영향을 미치는 비정상 주행패턴을 분석하고 오차율을 최소화하는 개선된 WIM 시스템을 설계한다. 개선된 WIM 시스템은 기존의 시스템에 루프센서를 추가한 다단 루프구조를 가진다. 또한 내부적으로 정의된 측정 함수를 개선하여 비정상 주행패턴별로 측정된 무게를 보정한다. 실험 분석 결과 개선된 WIM 시스템은 기존의 최대 평균 오차율 22.98% 에서 8% 미만으로 오차율이 감소한 사실을 알 수 있다. WIM(Weigh-In-Motion) is the system measuring the weight of the vehicle with a high-speed. In the existing WIM system, vehicle weight is measured based on the constant speed and the error ratio has 10%. However, because of measuring the driving pattern, that is abnormal driving pattern which is like the acceleration and down-shift of the drivers, it has the error ratio which is bigger than the real. In order to it reduces the error ratio of WIM system, the improved WIM system needs to find the abnormal driving pattern. In order to reducing the error ratio of these WIM systems, the improved WIM system can find abnormal driving patterns. In this paper, the improved WIM system which analyzes the abnormality driving pattern influencing on the error ratio of WIM system of an existing and minimizes the error span is designed. The improved WIM system has the multi step loop structure of adding the loop sensor to an existing system. In addition, the measure function defined as an intrinsic is improved and the weight measured by the abnormal driving pattern is amended. The analysis of experiment result improved WIM system can know the fact that the error span reduces by 8% less than in the existing the maximum average sampling error 22.98%.

자율주행자동차 사고의 제조물책임법 적용에 관한 연구 - 소프트웨어의 제조물성 근거규정 도입에 대하여 -

박지흔 제주대학교 법과정책연구원 2020 국제법무 Vol.12 No.1

The autonomous vehicle (AV) means a vehicle which runs autonomously to a destination using an automated driving system and software which controls the system. Autonomous vehicles currently being developed include an on-board automated driving system which functions as artificial intelligence and autonomous driving software which enables a vehicle to drive itself. The automated driving system is developing in the way of not only combining advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) but also figuring out driving environments based on interconnection by collecting information from other vehicles and providing such collected information to the automated driving system of another vehicle. With the latest technologies for automated vehicles evolving all over the world, it is expected that vehicles with Level 3 self-driving technology, conditional automation, where autonomous driving is practically possible with steering, acceleration and deceleration, braking, etc. conducted automatically, though drivers are required to intervene in unexpected situations, will be commercialized in Korea from July 2020. Since car accidents so far have been caused mainly by drivers’ negligence or defects in vehicles, the principles of liability for illegal act under the Civil Law or those of product liability have been applied to civil liability arising from the accidents. However, in the era of commercialization of autonomous vehicles, there is a high possibility that most of the accidents will be caused by factors outside of a driver such as a defect in autonomous driving software. Therefore, liability of manufacturers of software related to autonomous driving needs to be clarified for the purpose of protecting customers and providing remedy for victims. However, since the current Product Liability Law defines the product as ‘movables’, theories are divided into pros and cons as for the application of the principles of product liability to car accidents caused by defects in built-in autonomous driving software, and there is a certain limit in the actual application of those principles. Therefore, the term ‘product’ defined in the Product Liability Law should include software. 자율주행자동차는 자율주행보조장치와 이를 제어하는 자율주행소프트웨어에 의하여 스스로 목적지까지 운행할 수 있는 차량을 말한다. 현재 개발되는 자율주행자동차는 자동차 자체에 인공지능에 해당하는 자율주행시스템이 부착되어 있는 형태이며, 자율주행시스템은 첨단운전자보조장치들을 통합할 뿐만 아니라, 다른 차량들로부터 정보를 수집하고 수집한 정보를 다른 자율주행자동차의 자율주행장치에 제공하는 상호정보교환을 하며 스스로 주행 환경을 판단하는 방식으로 작동하고 있으며, 이러한 자율주행보조장치들을 제어하여 자동차가 스스로 운전할 수 있게 해주는 프로그램이 자율주행소프트웨어이다. 오늘날 자율주행자동차의 기술은 전 세계적으로 발전하고 있으며, 우리나라에서도 2020. 7.부터 차량의 조향과 가・감속, 제동 등을 모두 자동으로 수행하여 실질적으로 자율주행이 가능하지만 돌발 상황에서는 운전자가 개입을 해야 하는 조건부 자동화 단계인 레벨3 자율주행 기술을 탑재한 자동차가 상용화될 예정이다. 지금까지의 자동차 사고는 주로 운전자의 과실이나 자동차의 결함으로 인한 것이었으므로 그 민사책임도 민법상의 불법행위책임이나 제조물책임의 법리를 통하여 해결해 왔다. 그러나 자율주행자동차 상용화 시대에는 운전자 외적인 요인으로 인한 사고, 즉 자율주행소프트웨어의 결함 등으로 인한 사고가 대부분일 가능성이 매우 높다. 그러므로 자율주행소프트웨어 제조업자의 책임을 명확히 하여 소비자 보호와 더불어 피해자를 구제할 필요성이 있다. 하지만 현행 제조물책임법은 제조물의 정의를 ‘동산’으로 한정하고 있기 때문에, 자동차에 탑재된 자율주행소프트웨어의 결함으로 인한 사고에 제조물책임의 법리를 적용하는데 있어 학설상 찬반양론이 대립되고 있으며, 실제로 이를 적용하는 데는 일정한 한계가 있다. 그러므로 제조물책임법상의 제조물 개념에 소프트웨어를 포함하는 규정을 도입하여야 할 것이다.

레벨 3 자율주행자동차에서의 제어권 전환 에이전트 시스템 설계 연구

최재륜(Jaeryun Choe),김정숙(Jungsook Kim),김현숙(HyunSuk Kim),김우진(Woojin Kim),이승준(Seung-Jun Lee),윤대섭(DaeSub Yoon) 대한인간공학회 2020 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.10

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate of design aspects of a CPA(Co-pilot agent) which is designed to help drivers switch their control authority of the vehicles from autonomous driving mode to manual driving mode safely in a given time budget for Level 3 autonomous driving vehicles. Background: When the driver needs to take control back from the ADS(Automated Driving System), it is necessary to investigate a CPA system that provides situational information so that the driver is able to perform the transition quickly and safely. Method: When using a Level 3 autonomous vehicle, a CPA system is configured to assist in the safe transfer of control from the ADS to the driver. The CPA system consists of User interface, various SW components and external devices to keep drivers situational awareness in a certain level. Conclusion: The current protoype of CPA system was built in driving simulator for the evaluation and heuristic experiment, but in the future, the CPA system will be installed in the actual aunomous driving vehicle and an interlocking function will be built so that it can receive the actual vehicle"s driving. This research will guide the need of the CPA and the required functionalities of the CPA to help users of autonomous driving vehicle. Application: It can be used driver monitoring and information provision system for level 3 autonomous driving vehicles.

Automated Driver’s Assessment and Driving Simulator System

Rionel Belen Caldo,Joemar Palomaria ASCONS 2019 IJASC Vol.1 No.1

Background/Objectives: The present invention generally relates to a driver’s assessment and training simulator system designed for the improvement of the driver’s screening and qualification procedures of TESDA prior to the license issuance and release in LTO. Methods/Statistical analysis: Driving Assessment and Simulation Hub (HUB) would like to propose a solution to preparing problems by designing, developing and implementing an Automated Driver's Assessment and Driving Simulator System. Findings: The present invention discloses an electronic system comprising three (3) main software components specifically, an electronic driving knowledge examination system with biometrics registration validation feature and touchscreen terminals, a driving simulation testing system with automatic scoring and up to thirty (30) heads per hour testing capacity, and a decision support system for the evaluation of the two exam results. Improvements/Applications: Driving Assessment and Simulation Hub (DASH) project team is making the Philippines a happy and safe place to drive in.

고령 운전자를 위한 안전 시스템 개발 연구

정세빈(Sebin Jung) 한국자동차공학회 2014 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.22 No.3

Driving-related injuries associated with elderly drivers are on the rise, although the overall rate of driving-related injuries has decreased. To determine the causes of this trend, we researched existing vehicle systems that use different sensors and signals to promote safe driving. We found that although the systems alert drivers to potential collisions and assist them in finding a location easily, they were created by people who rarely use the systems in their daily lives. For the most part, theyre not created by people with driving difficulties caused by health problems, which in turn often afflict the elderly. To address this issue, we analyzed the drawbacks of the current systems and used a focus group of people with body conditions that have declined due to age to discover the problems they encounter while driving. With the focus group, we used diverse research activities, such as observation and interview to demonstrate how new system concepts could be developed for the elderly. Finally, we propose that adequate system concepts for the elderly would improve driving safety and provide a more enjoyable driving environment for this population.

적응형 정속 주행 시스템에 대한 운전자 신뢰와 도로 혼잡도가 작업부하 및 상황인식에 미치는 효과

권순찬,이재식 한국감성과학회 2020 감성과학 Vol.23 No.2

Using driving simulation, this study investigated the effects of driver's trust in the adaptive cruise control (ACC) system and road density on driver's workload and situation awareness. The drivers were allocated into one of four experimental conditions manipulated by ACC system trust level (trust-increased vs. trust-decreased) and road congestion (high vs. low). The workload and situational awareness of the participants were measured as dependent variables. The results showed followings. First, trust-decreased group for the ACC system had significantly lower trust scores for the system in all of the measurement items, including reducing the driving load and securing safe driving due to the use of this system, than the trust-increased group. Second, the trust-decreased group showed a slower reaction time in the secondary tasks and higher subjective workload than trust-increased group. Third, in contrast, the situational awareness for the driving situation was significantly higher in the trust-decreased group than trust-increased group. The results of this study showed that the driver's trust in the ACC system can affect the various information processing performed while driving. Also, these results suggest that trust in the user's system should be considered as an important variable in the design of an automated driving assistance system. 본 연구에서는 운전 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 적응형 정속 주행(adaptive cruise control: ACC) 시스템에 대한 운전자의 신뢰 및 도로 혼잡도가 운전자의 작업부하와 상황인식에 미치는 효과를 알아보았다. ACC 시스템에 대한 운전자의 신뢰는 ACC 시스템이 정상 작동하는 조건과 시스템이 오작동하는 조건을 통해 신뢰상승 집단과 신뢰감소 집단으로 구분하였다. 도로 혼잡도는 운전자 차량 주변의 차량 수로 수준을 조작하였다. ACC 시스템에 대한 신뢰와 도로 혼잡도 를 달리한 네 가지의 실험 조건 각각에 대해 운전자들의 작업부하와 상황인식을 측정하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 먼저 ACC 시스템에 대한 신뢰감소 집단은 신뢰상승 집단에 비해 이 시스템의 사용으로 인한 운전부담 경감이나 안전운전 확보 등을 포함한 측정 항목 모두에서 시스템에 대한 신뢰 점수가 유의하게 더 낮았다. 둘째, ACC 시스템에 대한 신뢰감소 집단은 신뢰상승 집단에 비해 이차과제에서 더 느린 반응시간을 보였고, 시스템 사용에서의 주관적인 작업부하 수준도 더 높게 평정하였다. 셋째, 이와는 대조적으로 운전자들의 운전상황에 대한 상황인식은 ACC 시스템 신뢰감소 집단이 신뢰상승 집단보다 유의하게 더 우수하였다. 본 연구의 결과들은 ACC 시스템에 대한 신뢰가 운전 중에 수행하는 다양한 정보처리에 영향을 미칠 수 있음을 보였는데, 이것은 자동화된 운전보조 시스템의 설계에서 사용자의 시스템에 대한 신뢰가 중요한 변인으로 고려되어야 한다는 것을 시사한다.