정상인의 가로막(diaphragm) 높이와 만곡도 계측

김함겸(Ham-Gyum Kim),마상철(Sang-Chull Ma) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2007 방사선기술과학 Vol.30 No.4

  Simple chest radiography에서 정상인의 가로막(diaphragm)에 대한 계측치는 다음과 같다.<BR>  1. 전체 대상자에 대한 흉곽(internal diameter of thorax: ID)의 평균은 293.3㎜이었으며, 최소 221.0㎜, 최대 335.3㎜이었다.<BR>  2. 가로막의 높이는 오른 가로막이 높은 경우가 81.4%, 오른 가로막과 왼 가로막이 동일한 경우가 16.2%, 왼 가로막이 높은 경우가 2.4% 순으로 나타났다.<BR>  3. 오른 가로막이 높은 경우 오른 가로막의 평균 높이는 15.2㎜이었으며, 가장 낮은 경우는 2.0㎜, 가장 높은 경우는 41.7㎜이었다.<BR>  4. 왼 가로막이 높은 경우 왼 가로막의 평균 높이는 11.5㎜이었으며, 가장 낮은 경우는 4.7㎜, 가장 높은 경우는 30.4㎜이었다.<BR>  5. 가로막의 만곡도에서 오른 가로막의 평균 만곡은 22.9㎜이었고, 가장 작은 경우는 10.4㎜, 가장 큰 경우는 37.3㎜이었다.<BR>  6. 왼 가로막의 평균 만곡은 22.4㎜이었고, 가장 작은 경우는 11.3㎜, 가장 큰 경우는 42.2㎜이었다.<BR>  7. ID와 오른 가로막과 왼 가로막 만곡에 대한 관계에서 ID는 오른 가로막 만곡(r= .427, p< .001)과 왼 가로막 만곡(r= .425, p< .001)에서 모두 통계적으로 유의미한 정적 상관관계를 보였다.<BR>  8. 오른 가로막 만곡과 왼 가로막 만곡의 관계는(r= .403, p< .001) 통계적으로 유의미한 정적 상관관계를 보였다.   General anatomy classifies diaphragm as muscle of boundary between chest and abdomen, while radiology divides it into right and left hemidiaphragm, because it is more advantageous in radiological diagnosis on chest and abdomen.<BR>  Based on these anatomic characteristics of diaphragm, this study aimed to measure the height and curvature of right and left diaphragm in simple chest radiography. As a result, this study came to the following conclusions :<BR>  1. For all subjects who joined this study, it was found that their mean transverse diameter in internal diameter of thorax(ID) amounted to 293.3㎜(min. 221.0㎜, max 335.3㎜).<BR>  2. For the right and left height of diaphragm, it was found that 81.4% showed higher right diaphragm; 16.2% showed equivalent height between right and left diaphragm; and only 2.4% showed higher left diaphragm.<BR>  3. For higher right diaphragm, it was found that the mean height of right diaphragm amounted to 15.2㎜ (min. height=2.0㎜, max. height=41.7㎜).<BR>  4. For higher left diaphragm, it was found that the mean height of left diaphragm amounted to 11.5㎜ (min. height=4.7㎜, max. height=30.4㎜).<BR>  5. The mean curvature of right diaphragm amounted to 22.9㎜(min. curvature=10.4㎜, max.<BR>curvature=37.3㎜).<BR>  6. The mean curvature of left diaphragm amounted to 22.4㎜(min. curvature=11.3㎜, max.<BR>curvature=42.2㎜).<BR>  7. For possible associations between ID and right/left diaphragm curvature, it was noted that ID was in significantly positive correlations with right diaphragm curvature(r= .427, p< .001) and left diaphragm curvature(r= .425, p< .001) on statistical level.<BR>  8. For possible associations between right and left diaphragm curvature, it was found that right diaphragm curvature was in significantly positive correlations with left diaphragm curvature(r= .403, p< .001).

Substrate curvature affects the shape, orientation, and polarization of renal epithelial cells

Yu, Sun-Min,Oh, Jung Min,Lee, Junwon,Lee-Kwon, Whaseon,Jung, Woonggyu,Amblard, Franç,ois,Granick, Steve,Cho, Yoon-Kyoung Elsevier 2018 ACTA BIOMATERIALIA Vol.77 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The unique structure of kidney tubules is representative of their specialized function. Because maintaining tubular structure and controlled diameter is critical for kidney function, it is critical to understand how topographical cues, such as curvature, might alter cell morphology and biological characteristics. Here, we examined the effect of substrate curvature on the shape and phenotype of two kinds of renal epithelial cells (MDCK and HK-2) cultured on a microchannel with a broad range of principal curvature. We found that cellular architecture on curved substrates was closely related to the cell type-specific characteristics (stiffness, cell–cell adherence) of the cells and their density, as well as the sign and degree of curvature. As the curvature increased on convex channels, HK-2 cells, having lower cell stiffness and monolayer integrity than those of MDCK cells, aligned their in-plane axis perpendicular to the channel but did not significantly change in morphology. By contrast, MDCK cells showed minimal change in both morphology and alignment. However, on concave channels, both cell types were elongated and showed longitudinal directionality, although the changes in MDCK cells were more conservative. Moreover, substrate curvature contributed to cell polarization by enhancing the expression of apical and basolateral cell markers with height increase of the cells. Our study suggests curvature to be an important guiding principle for advanced tissue model developments, and that curved and geometrically ambiguous substrates can modulate the cellular morphology and phenotype.</P> <P><B>Statement of Significance</B></P> <P>In many tissues, such as renal tubules or intestinal villi, epithelial layers exist in naturally curved forms, a geometry that is not reproduced by flat cultures. Because maintaining tubular structure is critical for kidney function, it is important to understand how topographical cues, such as curvature, might alter cell morphology and biological characteristics. We found that cellular architecture on curved substrates was closely related to cell type and density, as well as the sign and degree of the curvature. Moreover, substrate curvature contributed to cell polarization by enhancing the expression of apical and basolateral cell markers with height increase. Our results suggested that substrate curvature might contribute to cellular architecture and enhance the polarization of kidney tubule cells.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

음경 만곡증 환자에서 이중초음파촬영술 소견과 발기부전과의 관계

이웅희,최형기 大韓泌尿器科學會 2000 Korean Journal of Urology Vol.41 No.2

하악 대구치의 II형 근심 근관에서 치근단 부위의 만곡도 조사

윤혜림,이동균,황호길,Yun, Hye-Rim,Lee, Dong-Kyun,Hwang, Ho-Keel 대한치과보존학회 2012 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.37 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the buccolingual curvature at the apical one third in type II mesial canals of mandibular molars using the radius and angle of curvature. Materials and Methods: Total 100 mandibular molars were selected. Following an endodontic access in the teeth, their distal roots were removed. #15 H- or K-files (Dentsply Maillefer) were inserted into the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals of the teeth. Radiographs of the teeth were taken for the proximal view. Among them, type II canals were selected and divided into two subgroups, IIa and IIb. In type IIa, two separate canals merged into one canal before reaching the apex and in type IIb, two separate canals merged into one canal within the apical foramen. The radius and angle of curvature of specimens were examined. Results: In type II, mean radius of curvature in mesiolingual and mesiobuccal canals were 2.82 mm and 3.58 mm, respectively. The radius of the curvature of mesiolingual canals were significantly smaller than that of mesiobuccal canals in type II, and especially in type IIa. However, there were no statistically significant differences in radius of curvature between mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals in type IIb and there were no significant differences in angle of curvature between type IIa and IIb. Conclusion: In this study, type II mesial canals of mandibular molars showed severe curvature in the proximal view. Especially, mesiolingual canals of type IIa had more abrupt curvature than mesiobuccal canals at the apical one third.

하악 대구치 Ⅱ형 근심 근관에서 치근단 부위의 만곡도 조사

윤혜림,이동균,황호길 大韓齒科保存學會 2012 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.37 No.2

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the buccolingual curvature at the apical one third in type Ⅱ mesial canals of mandibular molars using the radius and angle of curvature. Materials and Methods: Total 100 mandibular molars were selected. Following an endodonticaccess in the teeth, their distal roots were removed. #15 H- or K-files (Dentsply Maillefer) were inserted into the mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals of the teeth. Radiographs of the teeth were taken for the proximal view. Among them, type Ⅱ canals were selected and divided into two subgroups, Ⅱa and Ⅱb. In type Ⅱa, two separate canals merged into one canal before reaching the apex and in type Ⅱb, two separate canals merged into one canal within the apical foramen. The radius and angle of curvature of specimens were examined. Results: In type Ⅱ, mean radius of curvature in mesiolingual and mesiobuccal canals were 2.82 mm and 3.58 mm, respectively. The radius of the curvature of mesiolingual canals were significantly smaller than that of mesiobuccal canals in type Ⅱ, and especially in type Ⅱa. However, there were no statistically significant differences in radius of curvature between mesiobuccal and mesiolingual canals in type Ⅱb and there were no significant differences in angle of curvature between type Ⅱa and Ⅱb. Conclusion: In this study, type Ⅱ mesial canals of mandibular molars showed severd curvature in the proximal view. Especially, mesiolingual canals of type Ⅱa had more abrupt curvature than mesiobuccal canals at the apical one third.

On the Curvatures of Einstein Spaces

BAHN, HYOUNGSICK,HONG, SUNGPYO 경북대학교 위상수학 기하학연구센터 1995 硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.-

For a pseudo-Riemannian manifold (M, g) of dimension n≥3, we introduce a scalar curvature function S(V) for non-degenerate subspaces V of T_(p)M which is a generalization of the scalar curvature, and give some characterizations of Einstein spaces in terms of this scalar curvature function. We also give a characterization for spaces of constant curvature. As an application of our results, we show that the Ricci curvature or the sectional curvature of a Lorentz manifold is constant if the scalar curvature function for non-degenerate subspaces is bounded.

교통사고 후 한방병원에 입원한 일자목증후군 환자를 대상으로 한 진단방법의 비교 평가 및 경침사용의 유효성 연구

이치호 ( Chiho Lee ),전동휘 ( Donghwi Jeon ),이은정 ( Eunjung Lee ),오민석 ( Minseok Oh ) 대전대학교 한의학연구소 2016 혜화의학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate various tools including C-spine X-ray for estimating cervical curvature and identify the effect of wooden pillow on patients diagnosed with straightening of cervical curvature. Methods : This study was carried out on 51 subjects who were encountered traffic accident suffering cervical pain and diagnosed with straightening of cervical curvature by X-ray. 51 subjects were divided into wooden pillow(experimental) group and conservative therapy(control) group. Visual analogue scale, neck disability index and lateral pictures were used and compared after treatment. C-spine AP., Lat. X-ray were used on admission day to calculate cervical curvature and scoliosis by various ways. Results : 4 different measurements of cervical curvature didn`t show common results. Both wooden pillow(experimental) group and conservative therapy(control) group showed significant improvement in the visual analogue scale(VAS) and neck disability index(NDI) after hospital treatment. Comparison between center line pictured by lateral view and C-spine Lat. pictured by X-ray showed significant difference in cervical curvature. Lateral deviation of cervical vertebra showed lengthened distance between mastoid process and spinous process of C7. Conclusion : As a result of this research, I found out that various tools for calculating cervical lordosis could derive different results and C-spine AP., Lat X-ray could cause artificial cervical lordosis. According to visual analogue scale(VAS) and neck disability index(NDI) wooden pillow was not effective to reduce pain & disability caused by straightening of cervical curvature. Futhermore, correction effect of straightening of cervical curvature and scoliosis by wooden pillow was weak.

Die design of large spherical curvature hot forming process for improving the dimensional accuracy

이인규,Byung-Min Kim,이상곤 대한기계학회 2016 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.30 No.9

Large spherical curvature hot forming (LSCHF) process using square grid die was developed to manufacture moss-type LNG tanks. This process commonly realizes less spring-back of the thick plate after hot forming and more productivity than the conventional cold forming. Nevertheless, it is very difficult to shape the plate into a perfectly spherical curvature shape because of the thermal deformation and elastic recovery during cooling after hot forming. The final spherical curvature shape of the thick plate depends on many process variables such as the dimensions of the initial die surface, the size of the grid of the die, and the initial plate and design of the cooling device. In particular, the final spherical curvature shape of the aluminum thick plate is determined by the spherical curvature of the gridtyped die. Thus, the object of this study is to propose a method to design the spherical-curvature of the square grid die. To design the spherical-curvature of the square grid die, a Displacement adjustment (DA) method and a numerical approach by Finite element analysis (FEA) were applied. The die surface design achieved by the DA method and FEA were suggested to adjust the errors in its spherical curvature after final cooling. Finally, an experiment was conducted on a small-scale model (310 × 310 mm) to test the process to verify the design method for the die surface. The FEA results agreed very well with the experiment results within the maximum average errors 0.008% (0.122 mm). Further, the DA method yielded relative errors of 0.011% (0.163 mm) to objective spherical curvature.

경항통을 호소하는 환자들의 경추 만곡에 따른 통증 및 피로도 비교 연구

이한길 ( Han Gil Lee ),전태동 ( Tae Dong Joen ),홍서영 ( Seo Young Hong ) 한방재활의학과학회 2010 한방재활의학과학회지 Vol.20 No.1

Objectives :The purpose of this study was to compare about quantity of pain and fatigue according to cervical spine curvature of patient with neck pain Methods :Cervical spine curvature was measured using the sagittal radiography of the cervical spine, neck pain was evaluated using the VAS and neck fatigue was evaluated using fatigue symptom checklist. Based on four line Cobb`s method, 51 subjects were divided into hypolordosis group, normal group, hyperlordosis group. Window version SPSS 12K was used for statistical analysis about relation between pain and cervical spine curvature of each group, also about between fatigue and cervical spine curvature of each group. Results :1. A significant difference was not found between pain and cervical curvature of each group. 2. A significant difference was not found between fatigue and cervical curvature of each group. Conclusions :There was no relation between pain and cervical curvature of each group, also fatigue and cervical curvature.

곡률압출공정을 이용한 알루미늄 Bumper Back Beam 개발

이상곤(Sang-Kon Lee),조영준(Young-June Jo),김병민(Byung-Min Kim),박상우(Sang-Woo Park),오개희(Kae-Hee Oh) 대한기계학회 2009 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.33 No.5

Curvature extrusion process has several advantages in comparison to the conventional extrusion and bending process. In the curvature extrusion, the extruded part is directly bent during extrusion. Therefore, it does not need additional bending process after extrusion. In the curvature extrusion process, it is possible to produce curved extruded products that have a constant or various curvatures. It is essential that we predict the curvatures of the extruded product to meet the required curvatures. This paper proposed a theoretical model that can predict the curvature of extruded product produced by the curvature extrusion process. Using the proposed model the movement of guide tool that causes the bending of extruded product was controlled to produce the required curved automotive Al bumper back beam. The effectiveness of the proposed prediction model and the movement of guide tool were verified by the FE analysis and curved extrusion experiment.