Correlation and Symbol in Paul Tillich's Theological Methodology : An Analysis of Their Relation

Chung, Jae-Hyun 연세대학교 신과대학 2007 신학논단 Vol.48 No.-

Theology, according to Paul Tillich, is the methodological interpretation of the Christian faith for human situation. In conformity with this apologetic definition, Tillich begins his construction of theology on the basis of its anthropological significance. This apologetic motif dominates his theology, yet at the same time he does not neglect the kerygmatic dimension of theology. Through our analysis, it becomes obvious that the apologetic motif in Tillich's theology requires correlation whereas its kerygmatic dimension needs symbol, and that accordingly, there might be a sort of tension between correlation and symbol, as compared to the relation between apologetics and keiygmatics. For correlation seems to emphasize connection and continuity between the human and the divine while symbol appears to refer to the discontinuity and distance between the two. Furthermore, correlation seems to include the sense of mutuality and reciprocality while symbol is demanded because of unilateral relation. For this reason, it is the purpose of the present study to investigate into the apparent Contradiction between correlation and symbol in Tillich's theology for methodological clarification. On the one hand, the method of correlation explains the contents of the Christian faith through existential questions and theological answers in mutual interdependence. As has been pointed out, Tillich's method of correlation emerges from his ontological analysis of the subject-object structure of reality. It revolves around an inner dialectic which is not imposed from outside, but rather is a part of the structure of being. Tillich's method of correlation is such that its significance to the topic of this study lies in the fact that it sees being and knowing in terms of mind-reality relation, or of subject-object relation. On the other hand, in his treatment of the symbolic nature of religious language, Tillich claims that God can be known through beings which are religious symbols. He supports this claim by arguing that there is an ontological relationship between all beings and God as being-itself. This doctrine contains a theological significance in that it provides an ontological foundation for the divine manifestation in the world. It also contains a philosophical significance in that it concentrates on the nature and function of symbols beyond the conventional distinction between the real and the symbolic. Instead of being taken to be obstacles on the way to reality, symbols are now estimated as being themselves luminous aspects of reality, and thereby as indispensable and uniquely potent. However, the issue at stake is how symbol can become transparent or translucent to being-itself, because symbol is expected to exercise its unilateral relation to reality. In order to become translucent, symbol itself must be somehow negated; it must be experienced not only as the entity but also as a manifestation of the ground of being. But if the element of negation is absent, the symbol loses its translucency, no longer represents but rather replaces the divine, and finally, is transformed into an idol. Furthermore, this is the very evidence of symbol's one-sided relation to reality, as compared with correlation. His doctrine of symbolic interpretation can hardly avoid being criticized as a kind of reductionism where the non-ultimate realm of religion is subordinated to the ultimate realm of ontological truth. As has been mentioned above, however, Tillich lays, through his doctrine of religious symbols, an ontological foundation for the claim that the revelation of being-itself by beings is possible. In this very sense, symbol can be considered congruent with correlation referring to the divine-human encounter. Therefore, correlation and symbol in Tillich's theological methodology are both tensional and Complementary at the same time. On the one hand, correlation signifies reciprocality through encounter while symbol is demanded by unilateral relation like participation. On the other hand, without correlation there would be no symbol, whereas without symbol there could be no correlation. In conclusion, correlation and symbol in their contrasting functions contribute to the methodological integrity in Tillich's theology.

우리나라 고등학생들의 상관관계 이해도 조사

노아라,유연주 대한수학교육학회 2013 수학교육학연구 Vol.23 No.4

Correlation is a basic statistical concept which is necessary for understanding the relationship between two variables when they change values. In the middle school curriculum of Korea, only informal definition of correlation is taught with two-way data representations such as scatter plots and contingency tables. In this study, we investigated Korean high school students’ understanding of correlation using a test consisting of 35 items about interpretation of scatter plot, contingency table, and text in realistic situation. 216 students from a high school in Seoul took the test for 20 minutes. From the results, we could observe the following:First, students did not have right criteria for determining the strength of correlation presented in scatter plots. Most of students could determine if there is correlation/no correlation and if the correlation is positive/negative by seeing the data presented in scatter plots. However, they did not judge by the closeness to the regression line but rather judged by the closeness between data points. Second, when statements about comparing the strength of correlation in the context of real life situation were given in text, the students had difficulty in understanding the distribution-related characteristic of the bi-variate data. Students had difficulty in figuring out the local distribution characteristic of data, which cannot be guessed merely based on the expression ‘The correlation is strong’ without statistical knowledge of correlation. Third, a large number of students could not judge the association between two variabels using conditional proportions when qualitative data are given in 2-by-2 tables. They made judgement by the absolute cell count and when the marginal sum of two categories are different for explanatory variable they thought the association could not be determined. From these results, we concluded that educational measures are required in order to remove such misconceptions and to improve understanding of correlation. Considering that the current mathematics curriculum does not cover the concept of correlation, we need to improve the curriculum as well. 상관관계는 두 통계적 변량 사이의 관계를 이해하는 데 필요한 핵심적인 통계의 개념이다. 우리나라의 중등교육과정에서는 제7차 교육과정까지 산점도와 분할표를 이용하여 상관관계를 비형식적으로 다루도록 하였고, 2007 교육과정 이후 상관관계에 대한 내용을 삭제하였다. 이 연구에서는 비형식적인 상관관계의 교육을 받은 고등학생들의 상관관계와 관련된 이해도 및 오개념을 조사하였다. 학생들은 상관관계가 선형적 관계성에 근접한 정도를 의미하는 것을 잘 알지 못하였고 자료의 밀집된 모양이 유발하는 시각적 오개념에 취약하였다. 또한 글로 표현된 상관관계의 강도 비교에 대한 서술문의 진위성을 잘 판단하지 못하였다. 많은 학생들이 2×2 분할표에 제시된 범주형 자료를 보고 상대빈도수의 개념을 이용하여 연관성을 판단하지 못하였다. 우리나라 고등학생들의 상관관계 개념의 이해도가 부족하고 오개념이 빈번한 것으로 볼 때, 통계의 기본적 소양인 두 변량 사이의 상관관계에 대한 지도가 강화되어야 할 것이다.

맥솔(脈率)과 심박변이도(心搏變移度)의 상관성(相關性) 연구(硏究)

양동훈 ( Dong-hoon Yang ),박영배 ( Young-bae Park ) 대한한의진단학회 2006 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.10 No.2

Background: Pulse-respiration ratio has been used for estimating subject`s status in oriental medicine. Pulse and respiration is strongly associated with autonomic nerve system. But there is no research about correlation between pulse-respiration ratio and autonomic nerve system. Objectives: We performed this study to know correlation between pulse-respiration ratio and HRV(heart rate variability) that shows autonomic nerve system status well and to clarify clinical meaning of pulse-respiration ratio. Methods: After subject`s 10 minutes rest, we measured subject`s ECG, respiration pattern and HRV. In this research, subject`s number is 95(Male 50/Female 45). We calculated pulse-respiration ratio from ECG and respiration pattern. Then, we analyzed correlation between pulse-respiration ratio and HRV parameters in all subjects, 2 group divided by Wan-Maek(P-R ratio 4.28). We tried to compare HRV parameters among Wan-Maek, Sak-Maek and Ji-Maek group. Correlation analysis between pulse-respiration Ratio and pulse rate, respiration rate is performed. Finally correlation analysis between Respiration and HRV parameters in all subjects, 2 group divided by Wan-Maek(4.28) is studied. Results: 1. Mean pulse-respiration is 4.10±0.67, Mean pulse rate is 68.06±7.82bpm, Mean respiration rate is 16.81±2.72 times per minute in all subjects. 2. Correlation analysis between pulse-respiration ratio and HRV parameters of high pulse-respiration ratio group is not Significant. But, in low pulse-respiration ratio group, HFnorm(correlation coefficient 0.306, p= 0.018), InHF (0.308, p=0.002) is sig-nificantly correlated with pulse-respiration ratio. 3. Comparison of HRV parameters among Wan-Maek, Sak-Maek and Ji-Maek Group is not significant. 4. Pulse-respiration ratio is more affected by respiration rate(correlation coefficient -0.717, p= 0.000) than pulse rate (correlation coefficient 0.396, p=0.000). 5. Correlation analysis between respiration rate and HRV parameters of high pulse-respiration ratio group is not significant. But, in low pulse-respiration ratio group, HFnorm (correlation coefficient -0.327, p=0.011), LF/HF(0.346, p=0.007), 1nHF (-0.355, p=0.006) are significantly correlated with respiration rate. Conclusions: Pulse-respiration ratio and parasympathetic index has positive correlation. The closer Wan-maek, The higher parasympathetic index in low pulse-respiration ratio group. Respiration rate is more related with pulse-respiration ratio than pulse rate. Respiration is negatively correlated with autonomic parameters. And the slower respiration, the higher parasympathetic index in low pulse-respiration ratio group.

Studies on Correlation of Chemical Composition of Jasmine Tea, with establishment of Multiple Linear Regression Equations for Sensory Quality

Jun Zhang,De-Song Tang,Shu-Ying Gong,Ying-Bin Zhang,Ping Chen,Zhi-Lei Gu 한국차학회 2015 한국차학회지 Vol.- No.S

The relationships among the concentrations of chemical compositions, scores of sensory quality and price were studied based on 112 jasmine tea samples. Linear correlation analysis showed that 5 quality attributes (appearance, liquor color, aroma, taste and infused leaves) were positively correlated with each other and to the sum. 5 quality attributes and total quality score were logarithm relevant to price with the coefficients of determination R2 were 0.855, 0.667, 0.836, 0.900, 0.906 and 0.914. The six taste attributes could be grossly divided into two groups. Tenderness, sweetness, freshness and mellowness were grouped showing positive correlation with taste score, total quality score and price, while heaviness and thickness were grouped for opposite correlation. There were positive correlation within the same group and negative correlation between two different groups. The concentrations of polyphenols, amino acid, water extract, gallocatechin (GC), epigallocatechin (EGC), catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallocatechin gallate (GCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) in tea infusions were negatively correlated with tenderness, sweetness, freshness, mellowness, taste score, total quality score and price but positively correlated with heaviness and thickness (except some individual components), while gallic acid (GA) was the opposite. Multiple linear regression equations of taste score and total quality score were established. The back substitution was of high correlation between predicted and actual value and acceptance rate was over 90%. The relationships among the concentrations of chemical compositions, scores of sensory quality and price were studied based on 112 jasmine tea samples. Linear correlation analysis showed that 5 quality attributes (appearance, liquor color, aroma, taste and infused leaves) were positively correlated with each other and to the sum. 5 quality attributes and total quality score were logarithm relevant to price with the coefficients of determination R2 were 0.855, 0.667, 0.836, 0.900, 0.906 and 0.914. The six taste attributes could be grossly divided into two groups. Tenderness, sweetness, freshness and mellowness were grouped showing positive correlation with taste score, total quality score and price, while heaviness and thickness were grouped for opposite correlation. There were positive correlation within the same group and negative correlation between two different groups. The concentrations of polyphenols, amino acid, water extract, gallocatechin (GC), epigallocatechin (EGC), catechin (C), epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), gallocatechin gallate (GCG) and epicatechin gallate (ECG) in tea infusions were negatively correlated with tenderness, sweetness, freshness, mellowness, taste score, total quality score and price but positively correlated with heaviness and thickness (except some individual components), while gallic acid (GA) was the opposite. Multiple linear regression equations of taste score and total quality score were established. The back substitution was of high correlation between predicted and actual value and acceptance rate was over 90%.

A Study on the correlation between muscle strength and muscle activity on Shoulder motion of upper body

Jaesoo Hong,Joohyun Sim,Jonghyun Kim,Keyoungjin Chun 대한인간공학회 2011 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.5

Objective: This study is aimed at estimating each muscle strength and EMG in flexion-extension and abduction-adduction motions while exercising the upper body and specifying the correlation between each agonist muscle activity and muscle strength. Method: Based on the previous studies, this research has selected the 10 upper- body muscles that are related to flexion-extension and abduction-adduction motions. Muscle strength and its activity have been measured during an experiment in synchronizing an Isokinetic dynamometer and an EMG. Pearson correlation coefficient has been used for an analysis about the correlation between the muscle strength and muscle activity. Results: 1. The agonists in flexion include: Upper Trapezius, Anterior deltoild, Middle deltoild, Biceps, Pectoralis major clavicular insertion. The agonists in extension include: Posterior deltoid, Tricep long, Infraspinatus, Latissimus Dorsi. The agonists in abduction include: : Upper Trapezius, Anterior deltoild, Middle deltoild, Biceps, Pectoralis major clavicular insertion. The agonists under adduction include: Tricep long, Pectoralis major sternal insertion, Latissimus Dorsi, Pectoralis major clavicular insertion. 2. The results of an analysis of correlation between muscle strength(Nm) and muscle activity(%MVC) in 4 motions(flexion, extension, abduction and adduction) were as follows: ① The result of flexion is significant correlation (acoefficient of correlation: 0.573**), ② The result of extension is weak correlation (0.387*), ③ The result of abduction is significant correlation (0.428*), ④ The result of adduction is significant correlation (0.693**). Conclusion: This research has analyzed the correlation between each agonist muscle activity and muscle strength in the four motions. The results between mean value of agonists' muscle activity and shoulder's muscle strength showed significant correlation but the correlation between each agonist and muscle strength was not showed.

중등 생명과학교사의 교과자기효능감과 과학과 핵심역량에 대한 인식 분석

김현섭(Hyunsup Kim) 서원대학교 사범대학 부설 교육연구소 2023 교육발전 Vol.43 No.1

본 연구는 중등 생명과학 교사의 교과자기효능감과 과학과 핵심역량에 대한 인식 수준을 분석하고 두 변인 사이의 관련성을 분석하여 교과자기효능감과 과학과 핵심역량 증진을 통한 생명과학교사의 수업 전문성 향상을 위한 교원 연수 프로그램 구성에 시사점을 제공하기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구에서는 교과자기효능감 16문항, 과학과 핵심역량 15문항을 이용하여 1급 정교사 자격연수 과정을 이수하는 생명과학교육 전공 교사 총 121명 대상으로 설문 조사를 한 후 통계 분석을 하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 중등 생명과학교사 전체의 교과자기효능감 평균은 3.90점 이었으며, 교과자기효능감 요소 중에서는 교과내용(3.98)이 가장 높았고, 이어서 교수학습(3.97), 교육과정(3.95) 순이었으며, 학생이해(3.70)가 가장 낮았다. 성별로는 남교사가 여교사보다 약간 높았으나 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 학교급별로는 전체적으로 고등학교 교사가 중학교 교사보다 높게 나타났으나 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 교육과정은 고등학교 교사가 중학교 교사보다 유의미한 차이로 높게 나타났다. 교과자기효능감 요소 사이의 상관관계는 교과내용과 교육과정이 가장 높은 관련성을 보였으며, 학생이해와 교과내용 및 교육과정은 가장 낮은 관련성을 보였다. 학교급별는 중학교 교사는 교수학습과 다른 요소, 고등학교 교사는 교육과정과 다른 요소 사이의 상호 관련성이 높게 나타났다. 중등 생명과학교사의 과학과 핵심역량에 대한 인식 수준은 평균 3.86점 이었으며, 문제해결력(4.02)과 의사소통능력(3.98)이 상대적으로 높게, 탐구능력(3.78)과 참여와 평생학습 능력(3.77)은 중간 순위로, 사고력(3.74)은 가장 낮게 나타났다. 성별로는 남교사가 여교사보다 매우 유의미한 차이로 높게 나타났다. 학교급별로는 전체적으로 고등학교 교사가 중학교 교사보다 높았으나 유의미한 차이는 없었다. 그러나 탐구능력은 고등학교 교사가 중학교 교사보다 유의미한 차이로 높게 나타났다. 과학과 핵심역량 요소 사이의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 사고력과 탐구능력 가장 높은 관련성을 보였으며, 대체로 인지적 영역에 해당하는 핵심역량 요소 사이의 상관관계가 높은 것을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 인지적 영역의 문제해결력은 정의적 영역의 요소들과 관련성이 가장 낮았다. 중등 생명과학교사의 교과자기효능감과 과학과 핵심역량에 대한 인식 사이의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 두 변인 사이에서는 매우 유의미한 상관관계를 보였다. 교수학습과 탐구능력이 가장 높은 상관관계를 보였으며, 대체적으로 교수학습이 인지적 영역의 핵심역량 요소들과 높은 상관성을 보였다. This study was performed to provide implications for the composition of the teacher training program to improve the teaching professionalism of life science teachers through the improvement of subject self-efficacy and science core competency on the basis of analysis the subject self-efficacy, perception level of science core competency and the relationship between the two variables for secondary school life science teachers. A survey was conducted on a total of 121 teachers in life science education majoring in the first-class teacher qualification training course using 16 questions on subject self-efficacy and 15 questions on science core competencies, and statistical analysis was conducted, and the results are as follows. The average subject self-efficacy of all secondary school life science teachers was 3.90, and among the subject self-efficacy factors, subject content (3.98) was the highest, followed by teaching and learning (3.97), curriculum (3.95), and student understanding (3.70) was the lowest. In terms of gender, male teachers were slightly higher than female teachers, but there was no significant difference. By school level, high school teachers were higher than middle school teachers as a whole, but there was no significant difference. However, the curriculum was significantly higher in high school teachers than in middle school teachers. As a result of analyzing the correlation between subject self-efficacy factors, subject content and curriculum showed the highest correlation, and student understanding and subject content, curriculum showed the lowest correlation. By school level, middle school teachers showed a high correlation between teaching and learning, and other factors, and high school teachers showed a high correlation between the curriculum and other factors. The average level of recognition of secondary school life science teachers on science core competencies was 3.86, and problem solving ability and communication ability were relatively high, inquiry ability, and participation and lifelong study ability was ranked in the middle, and thinking ability was the lowest. In terms of gender, male teachers were significantly higher than female teachers. By school level, overall, high school teachers were higher than middle school teachers, but there was no significant difference. However, the inquiry ability was significantly higher in high school teachers than in middle school teachers. As a result of analyzing the correlation between science core competency factors, it was found that thinking ability and inquiry ability showed the highest correlation, and the correlation between core competency factors in the cognitive domain was generally high. And the problem solving ability in the cognitive domain had the lowest correlation with the factors in the affective domain. As a result of analyzing the correlation between the subject self-efficacy and the perception of science core competencies of secondary life science teachers, a very significant correlation was found between the two variables. Teaching and learning showed the highest correlation with inquiry ability, and in general, teaching and learning showed high correlation with core competency factors in the cognitive domain.

ppcor: An R Package for a Fast Calculation to Semi-partial Correlation Coefficients

Kim, Seongho The Korean Statistical Society 2015 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.22 No.6

Lack of a general matrix formula hampers implementation of the semi-partial correlation, also known as part correlation, to the higher-order coefficient. This is because the higher-order semi-partial correlation calculation using a recursive formula requires an enormous number of recursive calculations to obtain the correlation coefficients. To resolve this difficulty, we derive a general matrix formula of the semi-partial correlation for fast computation. The semi-partial correlations are then implemented on an R package ppcor along with the partial correlation. Owing to the general matrix formulas, users can readily calculate the coefficients of both partial and semi-partial correlations without computational burden. The package ppcor further provides users with the level of the statistical significance with its test statistic.

CROSS-SECTIONAL CORRELATION: NEW EVIDENCE ON .CHANGING CORRELATIONS AND CORRELATION BREAKDOWN IN EQUITY MARKETS

Hans Bystrom 사람과세계경영학회 2006 Global Business and Finance Review Vol.11 No.1

As an alternative to the traditional time-series based correlation measure Solnik and Roulet (2000) suggests a different correlation measure based on the cross-sectional dispersion ofasset returns. This paper focuses on this cross-sectional correlation and finds that the level of correlation in the European equity market has increased between 1970 and 2000. In addition, in the light ofthe increased country linkages since the October crash 1987, it is found that diversification along industry lines is a feasible alternative to international diversification. Finally, using simulations, it is shown that the cross-sectional correlation measure, just as the traditional sample correlation, faces the problem ofa spurious correlation breakdown bias when the absolute average return is large. The size ofthe bias depends on how volatility is estimated, however, and the bias disappears when the volatility is approximated with the constant unconditional volatility.

대전상관기의 다중편파 관측데이터 상관처리 방법에 관한 연구

오세진,염재환,노덕규,정동규,황주연,오충식,김효령 한국융합신호처리학회 2018 융합신호처리학회 논문지 (JISPS) Vol.19 No.2

In this paper, we describe the correlation processing method of multi-polarization observation data of the Daejeon Correlator. VLBI observations include single or multiple polarized observations depending on the type of object. Polarization observations are performed to observe the characteristics of the object. During the observations of the celestial object, polarization measurements are also performed to determine the delay values ​​and causes of changes in the object. Correlation processing of polarization observation data of the Daejeon correlator is proposed by OCTAVIA of a synchronous reproduction processing apparatus that outputs data input to each antenna unit by using an output bit selection function to convert bits and the order of the data streams is changed , And the input of the Daejeon correlator is configured to perform the polarization correlation processing by conducting correlation processing by setting the existing stream number to be the same. Correlation processing is conducted on the test data observed for the polarization correlation processing and it is verified through experiments that the polarization correlation processing method of the proposed Daejeon correlator is effective. 본 논문에서는 대전상관기의 다중 편파 관측데이터의 상관처리 방법에 대해 기술한다. VLBI 관측에는 천체의 종류에 따라 단일 또는 다중 편파 관측이 있는데, 천체의 특성을 잘 관찰하기 위해 편파관측을 수행한다. 그리고 천체를 관측하는 동안 관측장치에 포함된 지연값과 천체의 변동원인을 확인하기 위해서도 편파관측을 수행한다. 대전상관기의 편파관측 데이터의 상관처리는 각 안테나 유닛에 입력되는 데이터를 출력하는 동기재생처리장치의 OCTAVIA에서 출력비트 선택 기능을 활용하여 비트를 변환하고, 이때 데이터 스트림(Stream)의 순서가 변경되며, 대전상관기의 입력은 기존의 스트림 번호는 동일하게 설정하여 상관처리를 수행하면 편파상관처리를 할 수 있는 구성을 제안하였다. 편파상관처리를 위해 관측한 시험데이터를 대상으로 상관처리를 수행하였으며, 본 연구에서 제안한 대전상관기의 편파상관처리 방법이 유효하게 동작하고 있음을 실험을 통하여 확인하였다.

의서의 음소 상관도 연구 -『언해납약증치방』과 구급방류를 중심으로 -

김남경 대구가톨릭대학교 인문과학연구소 2022 인문과학연구 Vol.- No.47

This paper explores to find out the characteristics of the Korean language history data based on the arithmetic information in the computerized Korean language history data. In this regard, based on the specific values of the phonemes (initial, middle, and final phonemes) of the three types of pre-established Gugeupbang types: Gugeupbang, Gugeupganibang, Eonhae Gugeupbang, it was intended to reveal the degree of correlation by arithmetic comparison with the comparative literature 『Eonhae Nayakjeungchibang』. By comparing with the average notation tendency of the same type of literature ‘Gugeupbang types’, it is an attempt to quantify how far individual literature deviate from the average tendency. The target literature, 『Eonhae Nayakjeungchibang』, is a book that lists medicines to be used in emergency situations, and records dosage and contraindications according to symptoms. Due to the high similarity in terms of purpose, content, and format, it is an appropriate data to understand the correlation with Gugeupbang types. After identifying the average tendency of notation between the related literatures of 『Eonhae Nayakjeungchibang』 and ‘Gugeupbang types’, it was expressed as a numerical value through the Pearson correlation of the arithmetic mean and the weighted mean on each of the initial phonemes, middle phonemes, and final phonemes to determine how well individual literature is related to the mean. And this was intended to reveal the degree of correlation. In the initial phonemes, the correlation coefficient is a value of ‘0.981∼0.994’, which is very close to +1 in the literatures of Gugeupbang types (Arithmetic Mean: 『Eonhae Gugeupbang (0.991)』, 『Gugeupganibang(0.988)』,『Gugeupbang(0.985)』,Mean:『Gugeupganibang(0.994)』,『EonhaeGugeupbang(0.985)』,『Gugeupbang(0.981)』) showed ‘0.854’ in the arithmetic mean and ‘0.842’ in the weighted average, so there was at least a difference of ‘0.133’ in 『Eonhae Nayakjeungchibang』 in the initial phonemes compared to the literatures of Gugeupbang types. In the case of the middle phonemes, the three literatures for Gugeupbang types showed a correlation coefficient of ‘0.981∼0.991’, whereas in 『Eonhae Nayakjeungchibang』, an arithmetic mean of ‘0.962’, and a weighted average of ‘0.957’ showed a correlation coefficient. Even in the final phonemes, the three literatures for Gugeupbang types showed more than ‘0.982∼0.995’, but in 『Eonhae Nayakjeungchibang』, the arithmetic average is ‘0.947’ and the weighted average is ‘0.934’. Among the literatures of Gugeupbang types, the highest correlation was found with 『Eonhae Gugeupbang』, showing correlation coefficients of ‘0.879’ in the initial phonemes, ‘0.977’ in the middle phonemes, and ‘0.955’ in the final phonemes. Among the literatures of Gugeupbang types, the highest correlation was found with 『Eonhae Gugeupbang』, showing correlation coefficients of ‘0.879’ in the initial phonemes, ‘0.977’ in the middle phonemes, and ‘0.955’ in the final phonemes.