세라믹 정밀여과막과 한외여과막을 이용한 광촉매로 전처리된 아크릴 폐수의 처리

이광현,김종팔,강병철 대한상하수도학회 2002 상하수도학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The application of ceramic microfiltration membrane and ceramic ultrafiltration membrane and reverse osmosis membrane using acrylic wastewater pretreated by photocataiyst was discussed with the variation of appled pressure and temperature. Turbidity were shown high removal efficiency in ceramic microfiltration membrane and ceramic ultrafiltration membrane process using acrylic wastewater pretreated by photo-catalyst. Ceramic microfiltration membrane and ceramic ultrafiltration membrane using acrylic wastewater pretreated by photo-catalyst was shown that COD and T-N were not highly affected with the variation of appled pressure and temperature. It was shown that removal efficiency of COD and T-N with ceramic microfiltration membrane and ceramic ultrafiltration membrane was low. Removal efficiency of COD with reverse osmosis membrane was better with permeate by ceramic ultra filtration membrane than with permeate by ceramic microfiltration membrane. T-N and TDS were shown high removal efficiency in reverse osmosis membrane.

Study on CO₂ absorption performance of lab-scale ceramic hollow fiber membrane contactor by gas/liquid flow direction and module design

Lee, Hong Joo,Park, Yu Gang,Kim, Min Kwang,Lee, Seung Hwan,Park, Jung Hoon Elsevier 2019 Separation and purification technology Vol.220 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Membrane contactor has been actively studied in recent years, but it is difficult to modulate the ceramic hollow fiber membranes because they are extremely brittle and poor in flexibility. For this reason, research on ceramic hollow fiber membrane contactor modules has been rarely carried out. In this study, hydrophobic modified ceramic hollow fiber membranes were fabricated by phase inversion method. 1-in. unit module, a 3-parallel connection module, and a 2.5-in. advanced module with the ceramic hollow fiber membranes were developed. A membrane contactor CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture system with the module was set up and characteristics of ceramic hollow fiber membrane contactor were analyzed. The highest CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption property was observed in the configuration in which the liquid flows on the shell side from the bottom to the top, and the gas and the liquid contacts in the counter-current. In addition, a lab-scale ceramic hollow fiber membrane contactor unit module was successfully developed to treat 0.175 Nm<SUP>3</SUP>/h flue gas with 90% CO<SUB>2</SUB> removal efficiency. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first case of CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption experiment using hydrophobic ceramic hollow fiber membrane contactor module instead of the polymeric membrane module or single ceramic membrane. These results are expected to be very valuable as fundamental and important data for scale-up of ceramic membrane contactor process.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The ceramic hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC) modules were prepared. </LI> <LI> The performance of Longitudinal-flow and Cross-flow module was compared. </LI> <LI> Effect of configuration of the HFMC modules on CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption was studied. </LI> <LI> The guidelines to scale-up factor of the ceramic HFMC module were suggested. </LI> </UL> </P>

Comparison of filtration and treatment performance between polymeric and ceramic membranes in anaerobic membrane bioreactor treatment of domestic wastewater

Jeong, Yeongmi,Kim, Youngjin,Jin, Yongxun,Hong, Seungkwan,Park, Chanhyuk Elsevier 2018 Separation and purification technology Vol.199 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The feasibility of an anaerobic ceramic membrane bioreactor (AnCMBR) was investigated by comparison with a conventional anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR). With regard to treatment performance, the AnCMBR achieved higher organic removal rates than the AnMBR because the ceramic membranes retained a high concentration of biomass in the reactor. Despite a high mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) concentration, the AnCMBR exhibited lower membrane fouling. To elucidate effects of sludge properties on membrane fouling in the AnCMBR and AnMBR, soluble microbial products (SMPs) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) were analyzed. The SMP and EPS concentrations in the AnCMBR were higher than in the AnMBR. This may be because some suspended solids bio-degraded and likely released protein-like SMPs in the AnCMBR. Hydrophobicity and surface charges were analyzed; the sludge in the AnCMBR was found to be more hydrophobic and less negative than in the AnMBR because protein was abundant in the AnCMBR. Despite the adverse properties of the sludge in the AnCMBR, it showed more stable filtration performance than the AnMBR. This is because the alumina-based ceramic membrane had a superhydrophilic surface and could thus mitigate membrane fouling by hydrophilic-hydrophobic repulsion. The findings from this study have significant implications for extending the application of AnCMBRs to, for example, treatment of high-strength organic waste such as food waste or livestock manure.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Performance of ceramic and polymeric membranes was systematically compared in AnMBR. </LI> <LI> Ceramic membrane could achieve higher COD removal than polymeric membrane. </LI> <LI> Ceramic membrane could maintain higher specific water flux than polymeric membrane. </LI> <LI> EPS and SMP concentrations were relatively more accumulated in AnCMBR operation. </LI> <LI> Sludge in AnCMBR had less hydrophilic and negatively charged than that in AnMBR. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

완속모래여과 공정에서 세라믹 MF 막의 적용

최광훈(Kwang Hun Choi),박종율(Jong Yul Park),김수한(Su Han Kim),김정숙(Jeong Sook Kim),강임석(Lim Seok Kang) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.12

최근 음용수를 위한 UF, MF 막의 적용이 증가하고 있다. UF/MF 막은 재래식 수처리 공정에 비하여 원수 수질 변화에 도 안정적인 운전이 가능하고 부지 면적이 작으며 자동화 운전이 가능하다는 장점을 가지고 있다. 현재 대부분의 UF/MF 막 시설은 고분자 막을 사용하고 있다. 최근 세라믹 막은 고분자막에 비하여 경쟁력이 있다고 알려지고 있다. 세라믹 막은 높은 투 과유량과 약품세정 빈도가 작으며 막의 수명 또한 길어 최근 적용 사례가 증가하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 MF 세라믹 막 pilot plant를 완속모래여과 정수장에 적용하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 세라믹 Pilot plant는 3개의 계열이 있으며, 각 계열별로 원 수와 모래 여과수를 막의 유입수로 각각 사용하였다. 또한 세라믹 막 공정의 최적화를 위하여 전처리 응집공정으로서 PACl 응 집제를 사용하였다. 그리고 화학세정(Chemical Enhanced Backwashing, CEB)은 황산 (500 mg/L)과 차아염소산 (200 mg/L)을 1.5일에 1번씩 모든 계열에 주입하여 이루어졌다. 본 연구 결과 세라믹 막 공정의 전처리 응집공정에서 최적의 응집제 사용 은 막의 유입수로 원수와 모래 여과수에 대한 막의 flux를 크게 증가시켰다. 또한 본 연구에서 사용된 최적 응집제 주입량에 서 차압상승률은 원수(25 mg/L)의 경우 2.173 kPa/cycle이며, 모래 여과수(5 mg/L)의 경우 0.301 kPa/cycle으로 나타났다. The application of ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) membranes has been increased for drinking water purification. The advantages of UF/MF membrane process compared to conventional treatment processes are stable operation under varying feed water quality, smaller construction area, and automatic operation. Most membrane treatment plants are designed with polymeric membranes. Recently, some studies suggested that the process of treating surface water with ceramic membranes is competitive to the application of polymeric membranes. Higher water flux, less frequent cleaning, and much longer lifetime are the advantages of ceramic membrane comparing to polymeric membrane. Therefore, this research focused on the application of ceramic MF membrane pilot plant at the slow sand filtration plant. The ceramic membrane pilot plant has three trains that used raw water and sand filtered water as a feed water, respectively. For optimizing the pilot plant process, the coagulation with PACl coagulant was used as a pretreatment of ceramic membrane process. In addition, CEB (Chemical Enhanced Backwash) process using H₂SO₄ and NaOCl was used for 1.5 days, respectively. The experimental results showed that applying the optimum coagulant dose before membrane filtration showed enhancing membrane fluxes for both raw water and sand filtered water. Also, when using raw water as a feed of membrane, minimum fouling rate was 2.173 kPa/cycle with 25 mg/L of PACl and when using sand filtered water, the minimum fouling rate was 0.301 kPa/cycle with 5 mg/L of PACl.

세라믹막을 이용한 미생물연료전지의 전기화학적 특성 연구

임지영(Lim, Jiyoung),박대석(Park, Dae-Seok),김진한(Kim, Jin-Han) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.8

단일챔버 미생물연료전지에 분리막으로 세라믹막과 나피온막을 적용하여 전기발생특성을 분석함으로써 세라믹막의적용가능성을 구명하고자 하였다. 또한 환원전극으로서 백금촉매가 도포된 탄소천과 일반 탄소천을 사용하여 백금촉매 효과 및 전기발생특성을 비교하였다. 회분식 실험에서 전기발생특성이 가장 안정적인 것은 acetate를 기질로 사용하였을 때였다. Formate는 전기발생특성이 acetate보다 다소 높았으나 불안정하였고 propionate와 butyrate는 acetate에 비하여 전기발생량이상대적으로 낮았다. 환원전극으로서 백금촉매가 도포되어 있는 탄소천과 일반 탄소천을 비교한 결과 백금촉매가 도포된 탄소천의 전력발생량이 일반 탄소천에 비하여 1.2배 높게 나타났지만 약 5배 정도 비용 차이가 있음을 고려하면 미생물연료전지의 적용에 있어 효율성과 경제성은 함께 고려되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 분리막으로서 세라믹막과 나피온막을 적용한 미생물 연료전지에서 발생한 평균 전압은 합성폐수를 이용한 실험에서 각각 523.67 mV ± 49.41 mV, 424.09 mV ± 79.95 mV이었다. 미생물연료전지에 분리막으로 세라믹막과 나피온막을 적용하여 전력발생 및 유기물제거효율을 비교한 결과, 세라믹막이 나피온막의 대안이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. This study attempts to verify the applicability of ceramic membrane as a separator by comparing the power generation characteristics in single-chamber MFCs using ceramic membranes to those in the MFCs using nafion membrane. The generated power in MFCs by using acetate as a substrate was more stable than that by using formate, propionate and butyrate, respectively. It was shown that the generated power by using formate substrate in MFCs was unstable and a little higher than that by using acetate, and the power generated by using propionate and butyrate were lower than that by using acetate. In order to find out the Pt catalyst effect, it was compared the power generated in MFCs using Pt-coated carbon cloth as electrode to that power using normal carbon cloth. The power generated in MFCs using Pt-coated carbon cloth as electrode was 1.2 times higher than that using normal carbon cloth. The Pt-coated carbon cloth was about 5 times more expensive than normal carbon cloth. It is suggested that both power generation efficiency and cost together should be considered in selecting electrodes of MFCs. It was found that the ceramic membrane was superior to nafion membrane by comparing to the power generation characteristics obtained. It was shown that average voltage values were 523.67 mV ± 49.41 mV by using synthetic wastewater, in MFCs of ceramic membrane as a separator. While average voltage values were 424.09 mV ± 79.95 mV by using synthetic wastewater, in MFCs of nafion membrane as a separator. The organic removal efficiency, 41.7% by using ceramic membrane was a little bit higher than 40.8% by using nafion membrane. This research implies ceramic membrane can be a valid alternative to nafion membrane as a separator when considering the power generation and the efficiency of organics removal.

저온용 도자기 유약을 이용한 세라믹 분리막의 기계적 강도 증가

이종찬,김진호,한규성,황광택 한국결정성장학회 2018 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Ceramic membrane has been widely used for water treatment due to its advantages of eco-friendly property and low energy consumption. However, high porosity of ceramic membrane higher than 40 % may cause a problem of strength, when it is applied to a water treatment module. In order to solve this problem, the strength of the membrane edge was improved by using the ceramic glaze. Four different glaze compositions for low temperature sintering was selected to minimize the deformation of the membrane microstructure. After coating with low temperature glaze, cracks were observed due to differences in thermal expansion coefficient between the membrane and glaze. Thus, the thermal expansion coefficient of glaze was controlled by addition of cordierite and petalite. As a results, the compressive strength of the ceramic membrane, which was coated with the optimized glaze composition, was increased from 27 N/m 2 to 117 N/m 2 , indicating that the glaze coating can improve the disadvantages of the fragile ceramic membrane. 수처리에 사용되는 세라믹 분리막은 친환경적이고 낮은 에너지 소비 등의 장점으로 인해 많이 사용되고 있으나, 40 % 이상의 높은 기공률로 인해 수처리 모듈에 적용되는 과정에서 강도에 대한 문제가 발생할 수 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 도자기에 사용되는 유약을 이용하여 분리막 끝단의 강도를 향상시키고자 하였다. 분리막의 미세구조 변형을최소화하기 위하여 낮은 소성온도에서 사용되는 저온용 유약 조성 4가지를 선정하였다. 저온용 유약을 이용하여 코팅 후열팽창 계수 차이로 크랙 발생이 관찰되었다. 따라서 유약의 열팽창 계수를 cordierite와 petalite를 첨가하여 제어하였다. 코팅 후 세라믹 분리막의 압축강도는 27 N/m 2에서 117 N/m 2 증가하였으며, 이는 깨지기 쉬운 세라믹 분리막의 단점을 충분히보완할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

정수처리용 세라믹 분리막의 막오염 물질의 제거 효율 향상을 위한 스팀세정 기법 개발

강준석,박서경,이정은,강소연,이정준,쿠엔 보(Vo Thi Kim Quyen),김한승 한국수처리학회 2018 한국수처리학회지 Vol.26 No.6

This research has developed a high temperature steam cleaning technology using a ceramic membrane with durability against temperature and pressure conditions. In steam cleaning, steam of 120℃ is injected into the ceramic membrane to induce pyrolysis by the endothermic reaction to remove fouling from the membrane. The water quality of raw water was adjusted to turbidity 10, 25 NTU and DOC 2.5 mg/L, and the membrane was uniformly fouled by constant pressure operation at 100, 200, and 300 kPa. Physical backwashing was performed with water and air at a pressure of 500 kPa and steam at 120℃ was injected for 0 to 5 minutes. As the turbidity concentration and the operating pressure increased, the flux decreased by 0.7 to 14.4%. It is confirmed that 10.7 to 53.8% recovery is possible than physical cleaning at the injection of steam for 3 minutes, so it is considered that the steam cleaning of the ceramic membrane is effective. Compared with CEB after NaOCl (300 mg/L) filtration at 25 NTU and 300 kPa of turbidity, the steam cleaning result for 3 minutes was similar to 46.7% of CEB for 3 hours. It has been confirmed that steam cleaning is suitable for a ceramic membrane having excellent heat resistance against high temperature. It was considered to have better cleaning efficiency as compared with general physical backwashing.

Ceramic based Nanofiltration Membrane for Wastewater Treatment: A Review

라즈쿠마파텔,곽연수 한국막학회 2022 멤브레인 Vol.32 No.6

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes are more popular than reverse osmosis (RO) membranes as they can be operated at much lower pressures for applications in treatment of wastewater from industries like food processing and pharmaceutical as well as municipal sewage water. The separation mechanism in case of NF membranes is based on solution diffusion as well as sieving, for which the crosslinking density of the thin film of the composite membrane is less then RO membrane. Unlike ceramic membranes, membrane fouling is one of the chronic problems that occur during the nanofiltration process in polymeric membranes. Membrane cleaning is done to get rid of reversible as well as irreversible fouling by treatment with sodium hypochlorite. Compared to polymeric membranes, ceramic membranes show higher stability against these agents. In this review different types of ceramic membrane applied wastewater treatment by NF process are discussed.

Superhydrophobic ceramic hollow fiber membrane planted by ZnO nanorod-array for high-salinity water desalination

Wang, Tao,Yun, Yanbin,Wang, Manxiang,Li, Chunli,Liu, Guicheng,Yang, Woochul Elsevier 2019 JOURNAL- TAIWAN INSTITUTE OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS Vol.105 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To solve the problems of membrane material tolerance and membrane fouling, a micro/nano hierarchial structure with low surface energy was constructed above the exterior surface of a ceramic hollow fiber membrane using ZnO nanorod arrays and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PDTS) coatings, which make it superhydrophobic and self-cleaning. The surface morphology, chemical functional groups, and water contact angel of the modified membranes were identified. The results show that large quantity of ZnO nanorods possess desirable characteristics (<I>i.e.</I> superhydrophobicity, exceptional thermal and mechanical stability, and water contact angle of 160.12°) were detected on the ceramic membrane. The novel membrane shows excellent self-cleaning performance and good desalination ability in the utilization of vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) system for high-salinity water desalination.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> • Ceramic membrane is modified by imitating of superhydrophobic biological surfaces. </LI> <LI> • The micro/nano hierarchical structure with low surface energy endows the superhydrophobicity. </LI> <LI> • The P-ZN-CHF membrane obtains antifouling ability. </LI> <LI> • The modified membrane shows excellent performances during vacuum membrane distillation. </LI> </UL> </P>

Evaluation of Removal Mechanisms in a Graphene Oxide-Coated Ceramic Ultrafiltration Membrane for Retention of Natural Organic Matter, Pharmaceuticals, and Inorganic Salts

Chu, Kyoung Hoon,Fathizadeh, Mahdi,Yu, Miao,Flora, Joseph R. V.,Jang, Am,Jang, Min,Park, Chang Min,Yoo, Sung Soo,Her, Namguk,Yoon, Yeomin American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.46

<P>Functionalized graphene oxide (GO), derived from pure graphite via the modified Hummer method, was used to modify commercially available ceramic ultrafiltration membranes using the vacuum method. The modified ceramic membrane functionalized with GO (ceramic(GO)) was characterized using a variety of analysis techniques and exhibited higher hydrophilicity and increased negative charge compared with the pristine ceramic membrane. Although the pure water permeability of the ceramic(GO) membrane (14.4-58.6 L/m(2) h/bar) was slightly lower than that of the pristine membrane (25.1-62.7 L/m(2) h/bar), the removal efficiencies associated with hydrophobic attraction and charge effects were improved significantly after GO coating. Additionally, solute transport in the GO nanosheets of the ceramic(GO) membrane played a vital role in the retention of target compounds: natural organic matter (NOM; humic acid and tannic acid), pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazole), and inorganic salts (NaCl, Na2SO4, CaCl2, and CaSO4). While the retention efficiencies of NOM, pharmaceuticals, and inorganic salts in the pristine membrane were 74.6%, 15.3%, and 2.9%, respectively, these increased to 93.5%, 51.0%, and 31.4% for the ceramic(GO) membrane. Consequently, the improved removal mechanisms of the membrane modified with functionalized GO nanosheets can provide efficient retention for water treatment under suboptimal environmental conditions of pH and ionic strength.</P>