아시아태평양전쟁과 부산의 군사기지화

김윤미 부산광역시사편찬위원회 2022 항도부산 Vol.44 No.-

This article examined the process of Busan's military base from before and after the Sino-Japanese War in 1937 to 1945. During the Pacific War, Japanese troops were concentrated in Busan, and military facilities were built rapidly. Starting with a review of the Busan Fortress Command, which comes to mind first when it comes to the Japanese military stationed in Busan, it analyzed the meaning of the fortress, the mission of the fortress command, and the background and role of the Busan Fortress Command. Next, the current status and role of the Japanese military stationed in Busan during the Pacific War was examined, and the impact of such military base on the Busan community was examined. The Japanese military and military facilities stationed in Busan were intended to defend the Korean Strait and the port of Busan, which connects Japan and the continent. After the fortress was built in Busan in 1924, large-scale fortresses and military facilities were built around 1937. Only Jinhae in 1941Starting with the relocation of the new command to Busan and the renaming of the Busan Fortress Command in 1942, about 10,000 soldiers were stationed in Busan until 1945. Accordingly, the military zone continued to expand and create a close network with the local community. 이 글에서는 1937년 중일전쟁 전후부터 1945년까지 부산이 군사기지화 되는 과정을 살펴보았다. 부산에는 청일전쟁시기 일본군 부산병참부가 설립된 이후, 1945년까지 일본과 대륙의 군사수송과 병참지 역할을 했다. 일본군은 전쟁을 치르기 위해 일본과 대륙을 잇는 수송이 중요했다. 이에 따라 병참선 안정을 확보하기 위해 항로와 철도를 연결하는 부산항에 요새를 건설하고 병력을 배치했다. 부산에 주둔한 일본군이라고 하면 가장 먼저 부산요새사령부를 떠올린다. 이에 따라 요새의 의미, 요새사령부의 임무, 부산요새사령부의 설치 배경과 역할을 분석했다. 다음으로는 아시아태평양전쟁 시기 부산에 주둔한 일본군의 현황과 역할을 고찰했다. 부산에 주둔한 일본군과 군사시설은 일본과 대륙을 연결하는 대한해협과 부산항 방어를 위한 것이었다. 1924년 부산항 방어를 위한 요새가 건설된 후, 1937년을 전후로 부산에 대규모 요새와 군사시설 구축이 이어졌다. 1941년 진해만요새사령부가 부산으로 이전하고, 부산요새사령부로 개칭한 것을 시작으로 1945년까지 1만여 명의 군인들이 부산에 주둔했다. 이에 따라 군사구역은 계속 해서 확장되었고, 부산은 군사기지화되어 갔다.

거대 부산 전략 시론(試論)

김덕삼 부산광역시사편찬위원회 2016 항도부산 Vol.32 No.-

This paper is on the study that analyzed via serendipity Busan culture. We assumed the accidental factors in Busan cultures which evolved Busan could ratify the future development of Busan. To examine this, the study was tried from two major research directions. One is a structural chance that geopolitical position has brought as a spatial aspect, the other one, as the temporal aspect, is an existential chance that era came calling. In the former case, through narrow and broad meaning of Busan structural chances Busan has from geopolitical position are examined. In the latter case, through the era distinction such as the Japanese invasion, the Korean War, and the age of the industry we examine the existential. This research showed Busan on the basis of the characteristics of Busan called resistance, marine, openness, we saw that he should strengthen the independence. Development of these of subjectivity will contribute to the features and development of Busan​), now, and will give an important opportunity to have a serendipity. Also, as was seen in geopolitical position, Busan will be brought up the forces that lead to success with the starategy of "large Busan" to cover the Busan and the surrounding area. 본고에서는 부산의 새 전략으로서 거대 부산 전략을 제시하고자 한다. 부산을 작은 부산으로 규정지으려 하지 말고, 주변 지역과 연계한 네트워크의 형성으로 큰부산, 대부산 전략으로 경쟁력을 높여야 한다는 것이다. 이를 위해 본고에서는 지정학적 위치와 시간적 변화로 구분하여 부산을 살펴본 뒤, 이를 토대로 하여 미래 발전 모델로서 거대 부산 전략을 제시하였다. 여기서 부산 발전에 대한 대내외적 위기와 다른 도시와 비교 등을 통해 부산의 위기감을 파악하였다. 또한 다른 대부분의 도시처럼 부산의 발전은 지정학적, 시간적 변화 속에 부산 자체의 능동적이고 주도적인 준비와 계획에 의해서 이루어졌다기보다, 지정학적 위치와 시간적 변화가 가져다준 특혜 등에 힘입어 이루어진 점이 없지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 이제 부산의 새로운 전략은 트렌드나 환경의 변화에 영향을 적게 받는 장기적 기반 위에서 검토해 봐야 할 것이다. 또한 대내외적인 변화의 시점에서 부산은 과거와 달리 수동적이고 피동적 자세가 아닌 주체적이고 능동적인 자세를 가지고 부산의 발전을 모색해야 한다고 판단했다. 이러한 측면에서 본고에서는 주변과의 조화를 통한 네트워크의 구축으로 이루어진 거대 부산 전략을 제시하였다. 거대 부산 전략에 있어 주목되는 점은 첫째, 앞서 살핀 것과 같은 부산의 지정학적·역사적 이점과 특징을 기초로 부산만의 특징을 적극적으로 발굴하고 개발하는 것이다. 본고에서는 부산이 해양성, 개방성, 저항성이라는 부산의 특징을 기초로 주체성을 강화하여야 한다고 보았다. 둘째, 주변지역의 풍부한 자원과 인프라를 조화시켜 함께 발전하는 방안을 추진하는 것이다. 이제 전략적으로 부산은 두 가지 정책을 함께 준비해서 실행해야 한다. 소부산 전략과 대부산 전략이다. 소부산 전략에서는 기존의 전략에 더하여 부산만의 장점과 정체성을 배가시킬 것에 주목해야 한다. 그리고 대부산 전략에서는 주변지역과 함께 할 수 있는 그럼으로써 부산의 존재를 확장시킬 수 있는 상생과 공생의 방안에 따른 전략을 수립해야 한다.

부산 : 식민도시와 근대도시를 넘어서

구모룡(Gu, Mo-ryong) 인천대학교 인천학연구원 2008 인천학연구 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study is to methodologically approach some themes of Busan studies from cultural perspectives. In general, etymology contributes to creating myths about the origin. There has been often a tendency of relating Busan with Jeungsan and denying the fact that Busan was a colonial city of Japan. Most attempts to deny the fact through viewing the city spatially are based on so-called the theory of Dongrae origin. By claiming that Dongrae is the origin of Busan, the theory denies legacies of the colonial city, but makes firm national qualities of the city. But it is clear that the discourse has some ideological limitations. The theory of Waegwan origin is as much persuasive as that of Dongrae origin. It can escape from not only the assertion that Busan was a colonial city into which a foreign concession of Japan was developed, but also the theory of Dongrae origin in which nationalism is reflected. The theory of Waegwan origin can be also a basis on which the vision of Busan is re-established. Now it is necessary to comprehensively look into Busan that was developed from a colonial into modern city. In the past, it was internationally general that colonialism greatly influenced the spatial composition and urban system of a colony as a whole. Busan is the gate or node that connects between Japan and the continent. The colonial city of Busan was developed through several stages since its opening to the outside. The above mentioned foreign concession of Japan expanded in 1901 when Busan could have its area decently formed. In 1902, an urban plan of the city began to be earnestly implemented. The colonial city of Busan dramatically changed itself since the Busanbu system was implemented in 1914. In the 1930s, Busanjin industrial complex was formed around Seomyeon. In the 1940s, Dongrae was annexed to Busanbu. In 1937, a general urban plan of the city, whose goal year was up to 1965, was established for the first time. The entire frame of Busan when it was a colony is not so different from that of the city as it is. But the two is different in the location of downtown. This clearly means that the city was spatially distorted when it was a colony. In other words, Busan couldn't help being modernized under the Japanese colonialism. Under the Japanese colonial rule, Busan was spatially distorted and at the same time had modern systems settled in it, rapidly changing the life styles of people of the city. Today the region of Busan as a whole is best characterized by so-called duality which was also best characteristic of the city when it was a colony. Busan came to have lots of industrial complexes behind as it was industrialized. And the city became a multi-layer, complex city as it was metropolitanized. During its modernization, Busan rapidly grew as the starting point of so-called the Kyeongbu development axis. Under the national division system as the subordinate of the Cold War system, Busan played a roles as the advance base of Korea's export-oriented industry as a whole. This led to forming so-called the ideology of the nation's 2nd largest city. In the period of the East-West ideological confrontation, Korea was like an island. At that time, Busan was one of the main axes of Korean economy and, undoubtedly, maintained its position as Korea's second largest city. Changes of Busan were brought by some factors. As Korea moved to the post-capitalism, major industries of Busan including the labor-intensive footwear industry became stagnant. Increase in trade between Korea and China since the collapse of the Cold War system put an economically important role onto Incheon, not Busan. One of the chronic problems of Korea, that is, concentration into the national capital region is still bringing a continuous drain of human resources of Busan. Even under these circumstances, residents of Busan are still caught by the ideology of the 2nd largest city as above mentioned. Today most basic sentiments of the residents like feeling

기록으로 본 부산의 산업변동과 로컬리티

송정숙 한국기록관리학회 2016 한국기록관리학회지 Vol.16 No.2

This study analyzes the process of growth of Busan from a fishing village to the capital city of South Gyeongsang Province and the central city of transportation and commerce, and an industry with records. The results of the analysis are as follows: after the port opened in 1876, there has been a decline in settlement spaces in Dongnae; on the other hand, there has been an increase in migration spaces around the port of Busan. Waegwan(倭館) nearby Yongdusan Mountain(龍頭山) was changed to the Japanese concession; thus, the number of Japanese moving into Busan had rapidly increased. As a result, the Japanese government carried out reclamation work for securing available lands for the construction of port facilities and other facilities. The Japanese government built public offices and houses, as well as production facilities for daily necessities around the port of Busan. The opening of the Seoul Busan railway(京釜線) and the cross-channel liner between Busan and Shimonoseki(釜關連絡船) led to the growth of Busan and the development of its status. At this time, as the main industry of Busan was trade, Busan had grown as a commercial city. As Busan had grown as a central city of transportation and commerce, the provincial government building of Gyeongsangnam-do(慶尙南道) moved to Busan. Thus, Busan became the central city of local politics and administration. After the Land Survey Project, a large scale of farmers were recruited for low-wage work in the new port. Because of the abolition of the corporation law, Japanese capitalists moved into their colony in Busan. There, large-scale factories, such as the Joseon cotton textile factory, were established. Through this process, the locality of Busan was changed from a fishing village to a commercial city and, finally, to a city of commerce and industry. 전통적으로 부산 일대에서 전통적인 정치․행정의 중심지는 정주공간인 동래이고, 부산은 동래부 동평현 부산포라는 어촌이었다. 개항 이후 일본과의 연이은 조약으로 일본인의 조선 내에서의 활동범위가 넓어지고 조선에서 일본인의 상업행위가 허용됨에 따라 일본인의 이주가 급증하였다. 일본은 조차나 임대, 매입 또는 매축을 통해 전관거류지와 서쪽 방면 일대, 북항 일대의 부지를 확보하고, 북항 일대에 공공시설과 상공업시설, 철도․항만시설을 구비하여 경부철도와 관부연락선이 바로 연결되도록 하였다. 이처럼 부산이 한일간 교통의 요충지가 되자 부산은 통상 중심의 상업이 발달하고, 부산항은 조선 최대의 무역항으로 자리매김 하였다. 조선이 일본에 병합된 이후 조선총독부는 토지조사사업을 통해 조선의 임야와 거대한 농지를 확보하고, 소작농이 도시 임금노동자로 전락하게 되었다. 회사령을 통해 조선 자본의 성장을 억제하고 일본 자본이 침투하여 일본인 기업이 대거 설립되었다. 1914년에 시가지는 부(府)로, 농촌은 군(郡)으로 지방행정조직이 개편됨에 따라 부산포 일대의 일본인이 개발한 지역은 부산부로, 그 외의 농촌지역은 동래군으로 바뀌었다. 새로 신설되는 공공시설과 상공업시설, 철도․항만시설은 부산부에 집중적으로 들어섬에 따라 변방이었던 이곳이 정치․행정의 중심지로 탈바꿈하였다. 부산이 교통과 교역의 중심지로 성장함에 따라 경상남도의 도청이 진주에서 부산으로 이전하였다. 이로써 부산이 경상남도의 정치와 행정의 중심지로 역할이 확대되었다. 토지조사사업으로 대규모 노동력을 확보하고, 회사령 철폐로 일본이 대자본이 식민지로 진출하였다. 부산진 방면의 매립으로 조선방직 등 대규모 공업시설이 설립되었다. 이런 과정을 통해 부산의 도시 정체성, 즉 로컬리티도 어촌에서 통상 위주의 상업도시로, 나아가 상공업 도시로 변모하게 되었다.

방법으로서의 부산-해양문화도시로 가는 길-

구모룡 인하대학교 한국학연구소 2008 한국학연구 Vol.19 No.-

‘방법으로서의 부산’이라는 생각을 해 보았다. 부산의 입장에서, 부산으로부터 부산을 보고 지역과 세계를 보자는 것이다. 가령 제2도시 이데올로기나 최근 지역정부가 도시목표로 내세우는 세계도시는 각각 중심부 서울에 비친 일국적 시각과 세계체제 중심부의 관점이 투영된 개념들이다. 모두 부산을 통하여 부산을 보고 있지 못하다. 또한 식민도시라는 기원은 청산될 수 없는 부산의 원형질이다. 그럼에도 민족주의는 식민지 도시의 유산을 마땅히 청산해야 할 잔재라고 규정한다. 더불어 국가주의에 힘입은 개발의 논리는 기형적 도시 발전을 이끌고 있다. 확실히 부산은 식민 기억에 대한 완강한 거부 의식을 보이고 있다. 몇 년 전 지역정부가 일본인 거리 조성에 대한 계획을 발표하였다 곤욕을 치르고 철회한 적이 있다. 일찌감치 조성된 중국인 거리와 비교된다. 이 대목에서 조선후기 260년 동안 유지되어온 왜관을 떠올리는 것도 하나의 방법일 것이다. 일본인 마을을 허용한 바 있는 과거와 일본인 거리조차 만들 수 없는 현실의 거리는 무엇일까? 아울러 이러한 거리를 극복할 수 있는 길은 없을까? 방법으로서의 부산은 부산의 시각에서 부산을 재구성하는 일과 연관된다. 부산은 일본과 대륙을 잇는 관문이다. 철도와 철도연락선으로 일본 열도와 대륙을 통합하는 구상의 결절점이다. 식민도시 부산의 발전과정은 개항과 더불어 몇 단계의 과정을 거친다. 식민도시에서 출발한 부산은 기존의 틀에서 크게 벗어나지 않는다. 부산은 공간의 식민도시적 특성인 이중성을 그대로 반영하고 있다. 산업화 과정에서 배후 공업단지가 된 지역이 많고, 광역시로 팽창하면서 동부산과 서부산 지역을 함께 포함하는 다층적이고 복잡한 구성의 “누적도시”가 되었다. 부산이 근대도시를 벗어나는 두 가지 길은 해양문화도시가 되는 것과 해역시점으로 도시를 인식하는 것이다. 전자가 창조적인 문화도시를 통해 도시의 내발적인 에너지를 형성하는 것이라면 후자는 국민국가의 경계를 넘어 해역을 중심으로 부산을 네트워크 도시로 바꾸어나가는 것이다. 둘 모두 국가에의 종속을 탈피하고 도시가 가진 주체적 역량을 실현하는 방향을 지닌다. This researcher made an assumption, 'Busan as a method'. This suggests a need to see Busan and further regions and the world from the view of the city itself. The '2nd largest city' ideology and a global city, which is a goal pursued by the government of Busan, are in fact behind notions that the center of this nation is Seoul and that Busan should be one of the main parts of the globe. Seeing Busan from the view of the city itself is not found in the ideology and the goal. A colonial city is the origin of Busan. It is the prototype of the city, which can never be cleared off. In nationalism, however, legacies of the colonial city are considered as those which have to be removed. Supported by nationalism, the logic of development is promoting Busan to be developed inharmoniously. Certainly, Busan strongly rejects remembrances of its colonial period. A few years ago, the government of Busan announced plans to form so-called Japan Town within the city. But it couldn't help cancelling the plans because they faced strong resistance and opposition. This greatly contrasts with the case of China Town which was formed even earlier. At this point, we can remember that in the late period of Chosun, a village where Japanese people resided, called Waegwan, was maintained for about 260 years. What is difference between the past when the Japanese village was permitted and the present when even Japan Town is not permitted ? Is there any way of reducing the difference ? 'Busan as a method' is associated with restructuring Busan from the perspective of the city itself. Busan is the gate that connects between Japan and the Asian continent. Recently, there's an idea that the island country of Japan and the Asian continent are integrated with each other through railways and ferryboats. Busan is the very node of the integration. Beginning as a colonial city, Busan has been developed through several steps since its opening to the outside world. Currently, Busan is not far from its original framework, that is, a colonial city. Duality is one of the main characteristics of colonial spaces. It is still remained in Busan. Busan has lots of industrial complexes around, which is a result of its industrialization. As it was expanded into a metropolitan city, Busan became a "cumulative city" which has a multi-layered, complex structure running from its eastern to western parts. To go beyond its current position as a modern city, Busan has two ways, becoming a cultural marine city and perceiving itself from the perspective of the ocean. The former means forming the internal energy of Busan by developing the city into a creative cultural city while, the latter, going beyond the limit of the nation and networking Busan as a main part of an oceanic region. Both of the ways aim at promoting and activating the capacity of the city itself getting out of its dependence on the state.

광복기 부산 지역 문학사회의 형성과 창작 기반

이순욱 동아대학교 석당학술원 2011 石堂論叢 Vol.0 No.50

This paper aims at studying the formation of Busan's regional literary society and the foundation for its creation by mainly focusing on the media of newspapers and magazines. Studying media is one of the most effective methods for shedding light on the literary society of Busan during the Liberation Period. By taking a closer look at characteristics of a specific medium and literary activities of writers in the medium, it was found that Busan's regional literature did not stay away from the mainstream Korean literature of the time, and literary society was realigned based on writers' course of action. First, the regional literature of Busan during the Liberation Period should be seen in a broader context of Gyeongnam literature. Many literary groups including the Joseon New Culture Association, the Busan Branch of Joseon Literary Alliance and the Samnam Literary Association were established, but there was no struggle between ideologies to seize hegemony of the literary circles. To pursue the predominating goal of building a new sovereign state and creating national literature, these groups were set up based on a specific ideology and continued to seek new approaches depending on constantly changing situation. A case in point is the Busan Branch of Joseon Literary Alliance, which was founded during the early Liberation Period and actively engaged in various activities, including the publication of its official paper, but it was restructured into a right wing literature due to the changing times and circumstances. Second, one of the most notable characteristics of Busan's regional literature during this period is that the regional literature in Busan could obtain its future growth engine from outstanding activities by migrated writers, the exchange of a lineup of the writers based on their hometowns and horizontal alliance among small areas. This can be ascertained by checking the list of writers and their characteristics in such newspapers as 「Minju Jungbo」,「Busan Ilbo」, 「Busan Sinmun」, 「Jayu Minbo」 and 「Saneop Sinmun (Industrial Newspaper)」. Taking a glance at the media publication during the early Liberation Period shows us a pronounced ideological divide among newspapers. While 「Minju Jungbo」, 「Inmin Haebangbo (People's Liberation Newspaper)」 and 「Munye Sinmun (Literary Newspaeper)」 were left-leaning newspapers, 「Busan Ilbo」, 「Busan Sinmun」, 「Jayu Minbo」 and 「Saneop Sinmun」 tilted toward the right. It is difficult, however, to research the overall activities and trend of left-wing writers during the early Liberation Period due to the lack of substantial evidence of 「Inmin Haebangbo」 and 「Munye Sinmun」. Third, the regional literature of Busan during the Liberation Period was comprised of various generations, with active contributions from Song, Yeong-taek, Kim Wol, Yun Jae-won and many other students and the emergence of young writers including Yim, Ha-su, Jang Ho, Lee, Seok-in and Jeong, Yeong-tae. Based on the vertical alliance with the established writers, the horizontal alliance with regional young writers and the publication of media, they became the key players in Busan's regional literary scene. It can be said that contributions from student writers and young writers served as an important catalyst for the formation of an independent literary society in Busan. They were incorporated into the established literary circles, one after another, after the Korean War Period, while solidifying their positions in the regional literary society. As part of Gyeongnam Literature, the regional literature in Busan during the Liberation Period produced a lot of literary works thanks to newspaper media and diversified the lineup of its writers. As the realignment of the literary circles during the Korean War Period gave rise to the war refugee literature, Busan's regional literature began to build its own literary society. 이 글은 광복기 지역 문학사회의 형성과 창작 기반을 신문 잡지 매체를 중심으로 실증적으로 고찰하는 데 목적을 두었다. 매체 연구는 문학사회의 형성과 전개 양상을 구체적으로 확인할 수 있는 방법 가운데 하나다. 매체 활동을 통해 알 수 있는바, 광복기 부산 지역은 문학인들의 진퇴와 맞물려 새로운 문학사회가 형성되었다. 광복기 부산 지역문학은 전반적으로 경남문학이라는 큰 틀에서 규정할 수 있었다. 광복 직후 지역 안쪽에서 조선신문화건설회, 조선문학동맹 부산지부, 삼남문학회 등 각종 문화단체가 결성되었으나, 문단 헤게모니를 장악하기 위한 좌우파의 극렬한 이념 투쟁은 찾아볼 수 없었다. 새로운 국가와 민족문학의 건설이라는 당면과제를 실천해 나가는 과정에서 이념 노선에 따라 단체를 조직하고 정세에 따라 새로운 모색을 거듭했던 것으로 보인다. 특히, 광복 초기 조선문학동맹 부산지부가 결성되어 기관지를 발행하는 등 활발하게 활동했으나, 시대 상황에 따라 우파문단으로 재편되고 말았다. 이는 부산 지역의 독자적인 성격이라기보다는 한국문단의 전체의 일반적인 성격이라 볼 수 있을 것이다. 광복기 부산 지역문학은 유입문인의 두드러진 활동과 지역 연고에 바탕을 둔 필진의 교환, 소지역 사이의 수평적 연대, 학생 투고문단의 활성화와 청년문사들의 등장을 통해 지역문학 장(場)이 형성되었으며, 독자적인 문학사회를 형성하는 주요한 동력을 확보할 수 있었다. 지역문학의 세대 구성이 한결 두터워졌던 시기가 바로 광복기였다.

안도 요시시게(安藤義茂)와 부산 근대 화단

김정선 부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2022 인문사회과학연구 Vol.23 No.2

This study is to redefine his times in Busan in various viewpoints by focusing on Yoshisige ANDO who was a painter for the western drawing and called as a pioneer in the modern arts in Busan. On the other hand, it is purposed to reveal how his experience in Busan made influence on the progression of his painting. It was 1927 when he reached to Busan after graduating from the Tokyo Fine Arts School and working as a drawing teacher for a long time. Since then, he stayed about 8 years and continued his vibrant activities in diversity such as holding the arts exhibition in Busan, organizing the arts association and operating the training school. Consequently, it is hard to deny that his absolute influencing power in Busan hindered the diversification on the world of arts, and the official academic traditions oriented to Tokyo Fine Arts School made influence on the Busan modern artist circle. But it will be necessary to newly evaluate that he contributed to the growth of the local world of the arts and distribution of the arts against the central world of the arts. Actually, the world of arts in Busan had transformed rapidly since the emergence of Ando. Thousands of spectators visited the exhibition hall to appreciate the art works of the era. The emergence of the first generation painters for western drawing in Busan was backgrounded with the growth of the world of contemporary arts in Busan. On the other hand, Busan was a place for him to be granted with the possibility of new creation as a 'painter' who lived his life as a teacher while working on drawing teacher since his graduation from Tokyo Fine Arts School. Especially, Busan was a motive of creation which opened his new potentiality as a painter beyond the simple colonial area to Ando who had drawn colonial Korea consistently since his arrival as he was so attracted to the custom and landscape of colonial Korea. In this viewpoint, his career during the era in Busan can be said to show his living as a Japanese painter resided at Busan as marginal man among the inland, colonial Korea, central and local region. 본 연구는 부산 근대 미술의 아버지로 불렸던 서양화가 안도 요시시게(安藤義茂, 1888~1967)에 주목하여 그의 부산 시기를 입체적으로 복원하는 한편, 부산의 경험이 안도 개인의 화업 전개에 어떠한 영향을 주었는지를 밝히는데 목적이 있다. 동경미술학교를 졸업하고 오랜 기간 도화교사로 근무하던 그가 부산으로 건너온 것은 1927년으로, 이후 약 8년간 체류하며 개인적인 작품 활동뿐 아니라 부산미술전람회 개최, 미술단체 조직, 강습소 운영 등 다방면에 걸쳐 왕성한 활동을 이어갔다. 결과적으로 전문적인 화가가 드물었던 부산에서 이러한 그의 절대적인 영향력이 화단의 다변화를 저해하고 동경미술학교 중심의 관학풍이 지역 화단에까지 영향을 미치는데 일조한 점은 부정하기 힘드나, 중앙 화단에 대응하는 지역 화단으로의 성장과 미술 보급에 기여한 점은 새롭게 평가할 필요가 있을 것이다. 실제로 안도의 출현 이후 부산 화단은 급속히 변모했다. 수천 명의 관중이 당대 미술 작품을 감상하기 위해 전시장을 찾았으며, 부산 1세대 서양화가들의 등장은 이러한 부산 근대 화단의 성장을 배경으로 한 것이었다. 한편, 동경미술학교 졸업 직후부터 도화교사로 근무하며 교육자로서 삶을 살았던 안도에게 부산은 ‘화가’로서 새로운 창조의 가능성을 부여해준 장소이기도 했다. 특히 부산의 풍속과 풍물에 매료되어 귀국 이후에도 지속해서 작품 제작을 이어간 안도에게 부산은 단순한 식민지를 넘어 화가로서 새로운 가능성을 열어준 창작의 연원이기도 했다. 그런 점에서 그의 부산 시기 이력은 내지와 조선, 중앙과 지방의 경계인으로 존재했던 在釜 일본인 화가의 모습을 여실히 보여준다고 할 수 있을 것이다.

부산의 문화지도 그리기 광복기 부산 지역 문학사회의 형성과 창작 기반

이순욱 ( Soon Wook Lee ) 동아대학교 석당학술원 2011 石堂論叢 Vol.0 No.50

This paper aims at studying the formation of Busan`s regional literary society and the foundation for its creation by mainly focusing on the media of newspapers and magazines. Studying media is one of the most effective methods for shedding light on the literary society of Busan during the Liberation Period. By taking a closer look at characteristics of a specific medium and literary activities of writers in the medium, it was found that Busan`s regional literature did not stay away from the mainstream Korean literature of the time, and literary society was realigned based on writers` course of action. First, the regional literature of Busan during the Liberation Period should be seen in a broader context of Gyeongnam literature. Many literary groups including the Joseon New Culture Association, the Busan Branch of Joseon Literary Alliance and the Samnam Literary Association were established, but there was no struggle between ideologies to seize hegemony of the literary circles. To pursue the predominating goal of building a new sovereign state and creating national literature, these groups were set up based on a specific ideology and continued to seek new approaches depending on constantly changing situation. A case in point is the Busan Branch of Joseon Literary Alliance, which was founded during the early Liberation Period and actively engaged in various activities, including the publication of its official paper, but it was restructured into a right wing literature due to the changing times and circumstances. Second, one of the most notable characteristics of Busan`s regional literature during this period is that the regional literature in Busan could obtain its future growth engine from outstanding activities by migrated writers, the exchange of a lineup of the writers based on their hometowns and horizontal alliance among small areas. This can be ascertained by checking the list of writers and their characteristics in such newspapers as 『Minju Jungbo』, 『Busan Ilbo』, 『Busan Sinmun』, 『Jayu Minbo』 and 『Saneop Sinmun (Industrial Newspaper)』. Taking a glance at the media publication during the early Liberation Period shows us a pronounced ideological divide among newspapers. While 『Minju Jungbo』, 『Inmin Haebangbo (People`s Liberation Newspaper)』 and 『Munye Sinmun (Literary Newspaeper)』 were left-leaning newspapers, 『Busan Ilbo』, 『Busan Sinmun』, 『Jayu Minbo』 and 『Saneop Sinmun』 tilted toward the right. It is difficult, however, to research the overall activities and trend of left-wing writers during the early Liberation Period due to the lack of substantial evidence of 『Inmin Haebangbo』 and 『Munye Sinmun』. Third, the regional literature of Busan during the Liberation Period was comprised of various generations, with active contributions from Song, Yeong-taek, Kim Wol, Yun Jae-won and many other students and the emergence of young writers including Yim, Ha-su, Jang Ho, Lee, Seok-in and Jeong, Yeong-tae. Based on the vertical alliance with the established writers, the horizontal alliance with regional young writers and the publication of media, they became the key players in Busan`s regional literary scene. It can be said that contributions from student writers and young writers served as an important catalyst for the formation of an independent literary society in Busan. They were incorporated into the established literary circles, one after another, after the Korean War Period, while solidifying their positions in the regional literary society. As part of Gyeongnam Literature, the regional literature in Busan during the Liberation Period produced a lot of literary works thanks to newspaper media and diversified the lineup of its writers. As the realignment of the literary circles during the Korean War Period gave rise to the war refugee literature, Busan`s regional literature began to build its own literary society.

(연구논문) 부산지역의 근대문화유산과 역사인식문제

제점숙 ( Je Jum-suk ),송봉호 ( Song Bong-ho ) 부산광역시 시사편찬위원회 2017 항도부산 Vol.33 No.-

이글은 부산이라는 `지역`의 특성에 중점을 두고 부산 근대유산의 현황과 역사인식 문제에 대해 고찰한 것이다. 부산의 근대유산과 관련된 선행연구를 검토해보면, `근대문화유산`에 대한 논의가 상당부분 `근대`라는 역사 부재의 표면적인 논의에만 치우쳐 있음을 알 수 있다. 또한 부산의 근대유산을 `마이너스 유산`으로 바라보는 관점에는 `친일-항일`이라는 이분법적 구도가 강하게 내재되어 있음을 살펴볼 수 있다. 이러한 선행연구의 한계를 극복하고자 이글에서는 부산의 등록문화재 중 일제시기에 만들어졌음에도 불구하고, 이에 대한 언급이 거의 없는, `부산임시수도 정부 청사`와 `부산 구 남선전기 사옥`을 사례로 근대유산의 `근대`라는 역사인식 문제에 대해 고찰하였다. `부산 임시수도 정부 청사`의 경우, 경남도청 이전을 둘러싸고 진주에서 부산으로의 이전 과정에서 조선인과 일본인의 반대운동과 저항이 없었더라면 오늘날`피란수도 부산 기록물`의 표상으로서 임시정부청사는 존재하지 않았을 것이다. 또한 `부산 구 남선전기 사옥`은 조선 전기사업을 둘러싼 독점적 경영과 고수익획득에만 관심을 가진 일본인들과, 이를 통제하고자 전력통제정책을 실시한 총독부와의 마찰이라는 역사적 사실이 내재되어 있었다. 이처럼 부산의 근대유산은 일방적인 관계가 아닌 조선인과 일본인의 중층적 관계 속에서 형성되어 왔다 할 수 있지만, 이러한 역사적 의미는 배제된 채 보존과 활용에만 집중하고 있는 실정이다. `타자`라는 일본(일본제국)을 내재한 `근대`의 유산에 대한 의미를 향후 염두에 둘 필요가 있을 것이다. This paper was to consider the current status of modern heritage in Busan and the issues of historical awareness by focusing on the characteristics of `region` of Busan. In addition, through the preliminary studies on the modern heritage in Busan, this paper posed a problem that the concept, definition and study status of the `Modern Cultural Heritage` have been only focused on the superficial discussion of the absence of the history of `modern times`, and pointed out that there is composition `Pro Japanese Anti Japanese` strongly inherent in the viewpoint that the modern heritage in Busan is regarded as a "negative heritage". In order to overcome the limitations of these preliminary studies, the issues of historical awareness on `modern times` in the modern heritage was considered based on cases of the `Busan Temporary Capital Government Building` and `The Old Namseonjeongi Company Building in Busan` which were built in the colonial period, but have been rarely mentioned related to Japan, among Registered Cultural Properties in Busan. As for the `Busan Temporary Capital Government Building`, if there were no joint opposition movement and resistance performed by Koreans and Japanese during a transfer process from Jinju to Busan on the transfer of the Gyeongnam Provincial Government, as a symbol of `Refuge Capital Busan Records`, the Provisional Government Building would not have existed. In addition, in the `The Old Namseonjeongi Company Building in Busan`, there is a historical fact inherent that there was a friction between the Japanese who were interested only in the monopoly management and the high profit-earning on Joseon Electric Business and the Governor-General that conducted the Electric Power Control Policy to control them. Like these, although the modern heritage in Busan is called `Modern (times)` Cultural Heritage, only preservation and utilization are focused without remembering the historical facts of `modern time.` Therefore, it will be necessary to keep in mind the significance of the heritage of `modern time` with consideration of Japan(The Empire of Japan), the `Other Party`.

2000년대 부산영화에 나타난 왜곡된 부산의 지역성

권유리야 동북아시아문화학회 2012 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.31

The distorted regionality of Busan in the films of Busan in 2000s Kwon Juria The thesis shows the main reasons of collapse of Busan as hinterland of capital area through 12 films of Busan in 2000s. These films focus on the reason of absolute determination of Busan as determinative boundary, unrecoverable unfortune place like as the poor strata, the non-possessive, the weak. The image of failure and compulsion of Busan was due to esthetic basic human kindness seen as the alternative of capitalism. The human kindness of Busan is originated from the intention of the government to use it as informal or non-capital economic source. The human kindness always comes from the imbalance between capital and power. However, as its characteristic of accepting rather than analyzing the essence of the problem, the films compulsory hide the existential agony and misfortune of life. The more problematic point is that in the circumstances of covered misfortune, the process of misfortune is used as interesting goods with emotional government. As remembered with tragical accidents, Busan is the attraction for the drowsy city life. Busan is the exceptional place of identity which is recognized only when it is equipped with unexpected shocks. In this point, two dexterous figure of ruling power, showing and hiding, are reveled through summarizing Busan as basic human kindness and shocks in films of Busan. One hand, the human kindness covers up the failure of city planning, on the other hand, it points out the misfortune excessively so exploit the city in dual ways. In the hierarchy of power, there exist only the center and the border. The place with special originality is not accepted. The locality is the fundamental and relational concept. Also it is complex phenomenological feature made from the senses of social problems and skills of communication, and inter-relation between contexts. Even though it is, the solution can not be found yet. Its reason is that city planning accept the way, and even try to seek its worth of existence through systematize it. Therefore, there is Busan place but only local place planned by ruling power. Through the thesis, it was found through 12 films of Busan that Busan is not special place but normal border called by huge capital area.