상륙함의 제원 데이터 분석을 통한 상륙함의 진화와 상륙작전 패러다임의 변화 연구

김정환(Jeonghwan Kim),박진영(Jinyoung Park),문호석(Hoseok Moon) 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2020 한국군사학논집 Vol.76 No.2

Like the evolution of living things, product evolution also evolves under various influences around it. The military weapons system has been evolved according to the military requirement, that has been changed according to the military operation. In this paper, the evolution process of amphibious ships was confirmed by conducting factor analysis and classification model analysis on the specification data of amphibious ships. This confirmed that the evolution of amphibious ships has been influenced by the paradigm shift in amphibious operations. It was also verified through categorical analysis that amphibious ship"s specifications used in the analysis could represent amphibious ships. The verification results showed that the chosen amphibious ship"s specifications were sufficient to explain the evolution of amphibisous ships by obtaining over 90 per cent accuracy results.

상륙작전 시 해병대 병력 및 장비 탑재 최적화 모형

이백호,김수환,이문걸 한국산업경영시스템학회 2023 한국산업경영시스템학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.추계

Amphibious operations represent a pivotal military maneuver involving the transfer of landing forces via ships, boats, and aircraft from sea to land. The success of such operations can be the decisive factor in the outcome of a war. Nevertheless, planning an amphibious assault is an intricate and formidable task, demanding careful consideration of numerous variables. This complexity is particularly evident in the formulation of loading plans for troops and equipment onto naval vessels. Historical accounts underscore the profound repercussions of errors in planning and loading on the execution of these operations. In pursuit of efficient loading procedures characterized by precision and time-effectiveness, our study has delved into the realm of optimization modeling. Employing a mixed-integer mathematical programming approach, this optimization model offers a valuable tool to streamline and enhance the preparatory phase of amphibious operations.

작전기반의 차기 TICN 능력 도출 방안

장동모,유철희,이태공,임재성 한국엔터프라이즈아키텍처학회 2011 정보기술아키텍처연구 Vol.8 No.1

This paper intends to identify the capability component and requirement capacity in order to derive the required capability of the next generation TICN (Tactical Information Communication Network) reflected characteristics in the future NCW environment such as long range transmission, ensured fast speed and broad bandwidth, multimedia information transmission. To achieve this, avoiding simple access method to improve functions and performance in terms of existing SPIDER system's development, and ground-operation based analysis, 12 capability requirements and 8 component systems were systematically identified by utilizing of process and mapping-table that link up with joint-amphibious-operation scenario, principle of tactical communication,and TICN's requirement capability. Also, by using the results of battalion level Live-simulation's communication and KVMF(Korean Variable Message Format)'s message design, the required capacity for combat-radio-system's voice, data, video transmission components that is key to the capability components was calculated. By using of systematic approach of operation-based capability extraction such as TICN capability components extraction and combat-radio-system requirement capacity calculation, the basis of TICN functions and performance extraction for the next generation will be able to be provided. 본 논문에서는 미래 NCW 환경에서 장거리 전송, 고속 및 광대역 보장, 멀티미디어 정보전송 등의 특징을 반영한 차기 전술정보통신체계(TICN)의 요구능력을 도출하기 위하여 능력요소와 소요용량을 체계적으로 식별하고자 한다. 이를 위하여, 기존의 SPIDER 체계 발전이라는 연장선상에서 TICN의 기능과 성능을 향상시키는 단순 접근방식과 지상작전 위주의 분석에서 탈피하여, 합동상륙작전 시나리오, 전술통신 준칙, 그리고 TICN 요구능력을 연계시킨 프로세스와 관계도를 활용하여 TICN의 12개 능력요소와 8개의 구성체계를 체계적으로 식별하였다. 또한 대대급 과학화 실기동훈련의 통신운용결과와 KVMF 메시지 설계결과를 활용하여 능력요소의 가장 핵심이 되는 전투무선체계의 음성·데이터·영상 전송 능력요소에 대한 소요용량을 산출하였다. 이러한 TICN의 능력요소 도출과 전투무선체계의 소요용량 산출은 작전기반의 능력 도출이라는 체계적인 접근방법을 사용함으로써 차기 TICN의 기능과 성능 도출에 기반을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

Taiwan’s Defense Strategy against China’s Amphibious Landing Operations: A Focus on Red Beaches

Ashton H.S. Cho,조관행,박유진,신원우 한국국방연구원 2023 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.35 No.4

The success of any Chinese invasion of Taiwan necessarily involves an amphibious landing operation on Taiwan’s beaches. The most vulnerable of these beaches have been referred to as “Red Beaches.” Despite the threat of China’s invasion of Taiwan garnering significant attention in recent years, little of this attention has been devoted to the questions of how Taiwan defends these critical Red Beaches and to what extent Taiwan’s Red Beach defensive strategy has evolved. Employing Lykke’s Ends-Ways-Means analytical framework, this paper seeks to answer these questions by examining Taiwan’s Red Beach defensive strategy during the Tsai Ingwen administration (2017–present). The main findings are that contrary to popular understanding, Taiwan’s defense strategy has undergone significant change entering Tsai’s second term. The range of Red Beach defensive operations has extended from the littoral zone to as far as Chinese territory, with the planned use of pre-emptive missile and air-to-ground strikes against “key nodes” of PLA forces. Together with the significantly increased role of Taiwan’s missile, naval and air force capabilities, Taiwan’s current Red Beach defense strategy can be characterized as having greater range, more integrated, and more offensive.

1945년 8월 소련 해군 태평양함대의 웅기·나진상륙작전 연구

박희성(Park, Hui-seong) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2021 군사 Vol.- No.121

This article looked at the Unggi and Rajin Amphibious operations of the Soviet Navy"s Pacific Fleet in August 1945. As the Allied Forces won World War II, Korea was liberated. The Soviet Army declared war on Japan on August 8, 1945 and participated in the second world war. The Soviet ground forces attacked Manchuria and defeated the Japanese Kwandong Army. And as a subsequent operation, they advanced to the northern part of the Korean Peninsula. The Pacific Fleet occupied ports in the North Korean region, with the aim of preventing the retreat and reinforcement of Japanese Kwandong forces. Air units belonging to the Pacific Fleet bombed the Japanese naval bases in Unggi, Rajin and Chongjin on August 9 and 10, 1945. The Pacific Fleet attacked Unggi on August 11, 1945. Operation Unggi was carried out by the Fleet Command"s reconnaissance units and marines. And on the 12th, the landing force occupied Unggi Port and Unggi City without much resistance. The operation to Rajin began on August 12. Also, the Fleet Command"s reconnaissance unit and marines were in charge of the operation. The reconnaissance unit occupied Rajin Port first and secured a bridgehead, and the main landing unit completed the landing on the morning of the 13th. Subsequently, while occupying Ungisi and the outlying hills, they attacked the Japanese forces and cleared out the Japanese forces in Daechodo and Sochodo.

제2차 세계대전 시 소련과 미국의 상륙작전부대 운용과 전략적 함의

최정준(Choi, Jung-Joon) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2017 군사 Vol.- No.103

Amphibious operation has developed with war history and it’s been conducting decisive role at the war. Amphibious troops did a key role when they swept the enemies and changed the war status from defensive to offensive direction. The U.S. and U.S.S.R fully understood the usefulness and flexibilities of amphibious troops. Although the U.S.S.R was known as a continental state, it built up amphibious power. On the contrary, the U.S. was a maritime nation it utilized the Marines when it expanded it"s power to the West Pacific area. This article examined how the U.S. Marines and U.S.S.R Naval Infantry were employed during the World War II and found out its strategic implication. There were several similarities and differences between them. Both the U.S. and U.S.S.R. employed the amphibious troops when they tried to secure the lands and islands which were strongly defended by the enemies. The Marines and Naval Infantry showed off their sufficient capacities as an assault troops to recover the lost territories. In the beginning of the World War II the Marines and Naval Infantry of both countries hadn"t full-fledged power to project, but they have expanded their size and grown their capacities during the wartime. However, there were lots of differences between them in conducting national strategy, building up the military powers, the strategy and tactics. The U.S. Marines usually did amphibious assault which was a large scale and from the long distance. In contrast, the U.S.S.R. Naval Infantry operated within the short distance and small groups but it developed the unique tactics called “Desant” that aimed at the enemy’s side and rear area attack to support the Army. It was totally different from the U.S.’s tactics. The former not only made progress amphibious doctrine, and built up enough ships but also supported by coordinated ship and air fire when they performed the mission. It usually conducted the amphibious operation by the systematic procedures from its first step to end. The latter made use of temporary amphibious ships, since improvisational assault and Navy’s fire support was limited. Although the U.S. Marines and U.S.S.R.’s Naval infantry were small sizes when compared with Army and Navy, they not only verified the efficiency but also showed the flexibilities of the amphibious troops. In this study we found that the U.S Marines and U.S.S.R Naval Infantry contributed the development of various amphibious operational skills and reminded the value of their existence. The amphibious troops can be easily affected by nation’s strategy and their performances when they try to survive as an independent military service.

함안이동 자산의 발전 추세 분석을 통한 상륙작전 발전 방향에 대한 정책적 제언 연구

권주영,문호석 국방대학교 국가안전보장문제연구소 2023 국방연구 Vol.66 No.3

Amphibious operations have been carried out as one of the decisive operations in the history of war. For the success of the amphibious operation, ship-to-shore movement assets, such as landing boats, hovercraft, and amphibious assault armored vehicles that project troops, equipment, and supplies from sea to land, are important. This study examines the evolution of ship-to-shore movement assets based on data and analyzes changes in the paradigm of amphibious operations to present policy suggestions for amphibious operations of the Korean Armed Forces. In this study, the evolution process was analyzed using factor analysis and classification models, which are data science analysis methodologies, using data by development year of ship-to-shore movement assets. In the past, existing studies analyzed landing ships moving from the mounted area to the operational area, but in this study, ship-to-shore movement assets reaching land from the sea after moving to the operational area were analyzed. As a result of the study, it was possible to confirm the trend of ship-to-shore movement assets developing from an evolutionary perspective, and through this, a paradigm change in amphibious operations was also derived. Furthermore, policy suggestions were presented for the establishment of the concept of amphibious operations and the R&D and introduction of ship-to-shore movement assets.

일본의 상륙전부대 운용 경험과 수륙기동단 창설의 함의

최정준(Choi Jung-joon) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2015 군사 Vol.- No.97

Japan has announced to formalize the creation of the “Amphibious Rapid Deployment Brigade” to defend and retake its island which is considered as a gray zone. Abe regime has put a priority on its military building to have a strong landing forces which based on the assessment that the main factor of its insecurity comes from the matter of disputable Islands. During the Asia-Pacific War, Japan operated the Rikusentai which had imitated the western countries’s amphibious forces. The Rikusentai was respectively managed by the Army and Navy. The roles of the Rikusentai was a forceful projection power to spread Japanese military power. In one side, we can see that the Japan’s announcement of Amphibious Maneuver Group activation is a normal policy as a state, however, the neighboring countries, including Korea criticize and fear that the possibility of Japan’s remilitarization. These feelings of concern originate from their past dreadful experiences. In the past times, Japan had a similar landing forces which had operated as an invasive means to conquer the North-East asian areas. The Japan’s experience of using amphibious operation forces and the trial to build amphibious rapid deployment brigade has a implication as below. First, it can aggravate the unstable status in the region of the North East area especially, between Japan and Sino-Russian relations those are disputing the island problems. Second, it can accelerate the arms race to build up the amphibious and counter amphibious forces between Japan and its neighborhood. Third, Japan can develop its amphibious skills in short time because it has a affluent experiences. Fourth, the creation of amphibious maneuver force can be used as a main means of Japan’s collective self defense power. Fifth, Japan can develop its joint operation capability among the self defense forces. Finally, it will increase the opportunity of military cooperation among ROK-US-Japan. We should estimate the both positive and negative sides of the Japan’s trial to increase its military power. Now we need to cope with this matter strategically.

미국 해병대의 현대적 상륙작전 능력발전에 관한 연구

김현승,장은용 육군군사연구소 2016 군사연구 Vol.- No.142

This article examines the evolutionary development of amphibious warfare capabilities conducted by the U.S. Marine Corps and Navy during the period following the end of the World War Ⅰ through 1941, commonly referred to as the Interwar Period. The involvement of the U.S. Marine Corps in amphibious warfare capabilities is briefly traced from its early days through World War Ⅰ. From the very beginning of Interwar Period, the U.S. Marine Corps forecasted the nature of the next war in the Pacific and tried to create methods that eventually defeated Japan. In close cooperation with the Navy, U.S. Marine Corps established their own tactical and strategic mission: amphibious assault. Developments of amphibious warfare capabilities linked with Navy’s concept of War Plan Orange firmly set the U.S. Marine Corps as the ideal amphibious assault force. The third section illustrates the specific efforts of the U.S. Marine Corps on not only amphibious warfare doctrine but also on organization, training, material, and personnel issues. The U.S. Marine Corps’s development of amphibious warfare capabilities during the Interwar Period provides an example of successful peacetime innovation and a guide for future warfare development. Furthermore, how the U.S. Marine Corps solved those challenges informs the efforts of current us in addressing comtemporary conceptual, operational, and tactical challenges and those of the future. 이 논문에서는 제1차 세계대전의 종전부터 태평양 전쟁이 발발할 때까지 미국 해병대가 새로운 상륙작전 능력을능력을 발전시키기 위해 어떠한 노력을 펼쳤는지 살펴본다. 전간기(戰間期) 미국 해병대는 상륙작전을 통해 해군작전에 필수적인 전진기지를 확보한다는 목표를 설정하고 상륙작전을 수행할 수 있는 능력을 갖추기 위하여 부단히 노력하였다. 본 논문에서는 현대적 상륙작전 능력을 확보하기 위한 전간기 미국 해병대 노력을 구조편성, 교리발전, 교육훈련, 무기장비 및 인적자원 등 5개 전투발전 분야를 적용하여 분석하였다. 미국 해병대는 상륙작전 능력의 확충을 위하여 1933년 상륙작전을 전문으로 하는 함대해병대의 창설, 1934년 해병대 고유의 ‘상륙작전교범 초안’의 발간, 함대기동훈련의 한 부분으로 시행되던 상륙훈련을 1935년부터 함대상륙훈련으로 확대 개편, 1938년 전용 상륙주정 시제품의 개발 등으로 이어지는 일련의 노력을 경주하였다. 1920년대의 준비과정을 거쳐 1930년대부터 본격적으로 진행된 노력을 통해 미국 해병대는 현대적인 개념의 상륙작전 수행능력을 갖추게 되었다. 전간기 미국 해병대의 주로도 이루어진 상륙작전능력 발전 과정에 관한 역사적 사례는 우리에게 아래와 같은 시사점을 제시한다. 먼저 한국 해병대는 미래 임무수행에 부합한 구조편성을 갖출 수 있도록 노력해야 한다. 다음으로 한국 해병대가 지향하는 입체고속상륙작전에 필요한 교리를 정립하고 이에 필요한 전력을 적기에 확보해야 한다. 셋째로 상륙작전 전문교육을 확대하고 상륙작전을 선도할 인적자원의 풀을 확대할 필요가 있다. 마지막으로 바다를 무대로 하는 해군과 해병대의 협력을 지속 강화해야 한다.

학술논문 : 차기 상륙전력 발전방안

박창권 ( Chang Kwoun Park ) 한국군사학회 2013 군사논단 Vol.76 No.-