Distinctive Judicial-Tailored Causation References of Construction Accidents

Jiaming Wang,Rui Cheng,Heap-Yih Chong,Pin-Chao Liao 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.8

Accident liability allocation is significant for social justice and industry safety. The allocation of liability between individuals and organizations depends on the judgment of their negligence in accidents. However, current judicial practice does not show a clear distinction between different accident types when allocating liabilities, and there is a lack of scientific evidence to guide the legal decision-making process in liability allocation. Unfortunately, current accident causation research does not sufficiently meet the requirements as scientific evidence to support the realization of more strategic and targeted liability allocation. This study introduces the qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) method into the field of accident analysis using crisp-set QCA (csQCA) to explore the causal distinctions between fall and non-fall accidents based on the human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS). The results show that organizational influence and unsafe acts distinctively signify fall and non-fall accidents, and that the precondition of unsafe acts is their junction. Theoretically, this study 1) furnishes a QCA tool that allows academic research with uncertainty to be used in the body of evidence that meets the requirements of law, thereby extending the application scope of accident research to the legal practice of liability allocation; and 2) provides meaningful references for the judgment of negligence and accident liability for judicial practice.

산업안전보건분야에서 표준직업분류(Standard Occupational Classification, SOC) 활용 사례 고찰 및 향후 국내 도입 방안 제언

박동욱 ( Dong Uk Park ),최상준 ( Sang Jun Choi ),변혜정 ( Hyae Jeong Byun ),김양호 ( Yang Ho Kim ),김수근 ( Soo Geon Kim ),하권철 ( Kwon Chul Ha ),강태선 ( Tae Sun Kang ) 한국산업위생학회 2013 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.23 No.1

BBaacckkggrroouunndBBaacckkggrroouunnddss: Occupations are grouped on the basis of similarity in tasks and duties performed. Standard occupational classification (SOC) is a tool for organizing all professions into a clearly defined set of groups according to the tasks and duties undertaken in the respective jobs. OObbjjeeccttiivveess: The major objective of this study is to comprehensively review how a SOC system is used in occupational and safety fields such as surveillance, exposure monitoring, occupational epidemiological study, management of carcinogens and analysis of occupational accidents. MMeetthhooddss: We summarized the cases, policies and regulations used in SOC systems in advanced countries and as they appear in articles RReessuullttss: We found that SOC systems have been widely used in various areas of occupational safety and health in the US, the UK, Finland, and the EU. In general, it is highly common to use SOC in the analysis of occupational accidents and diseases and to identify factors causing those accidents. The SOC system is also used not only for surveillance of exposure to hazardous agents and occupational health, but to manage carcinogens. In order to adjust the effects of a particular job, SOC is used in the general population health area. The Ministry of Employment and Labor (MOEL) has never used or introduced an SOC system. There have been no cases of the application of a SOC system to either the occupational safety and health field or to health surveillance for the general population in Korea. CCoonncclluussiioonnss: We suggested a need to introduce an SOC system in several occupational safety and health activities, such as work environment measurement, analysis of occupational accidents, specific physical examination and surveillance systems, etc.

화학사고 분류체계 개선 방안에 대한 연구

이규열,장은희,김지윤,박춘화,김성범 (사)위기관리이론과실천 2024 Crisisonomy Vol.20 No.6

본 연구는 화학사고를 예방하고 피해 저감 방안 마련을 위해 화학사고 분류체계를 과학적이고 활용도높게 개선하고자 한다. 이를 위해 국내·외에서 발생한 재난 등 각종 안전사고의 분류현황을 조사하고화학사고와 관련한 분류 항목과 방법을 적용했다. 또한, 국내에서 발생한 화학사고 사례를 바탕으로재분석하여 분류체계의 활용성을 검증했다. 개선된 분류체계는 현재의 단편적인 분류체계에서 벗어나한가지 화학사고를 다각도로 분류하고 심층적으로 분석하기 위해 형태, 원인, 장소, 피해, 시간, 화학물질, 사고설비, 작업내용, 위반사항에 대한 9가지 항목으로 구분했다. 또한, 9개의 대분류 항목을 64개의중분류로 구분하고, 중분류를 60개의 소분류로 분류하여 세부원인 파악이 가능하도록 구성했다. 본연구의 결과물을 통해 구체적인 화학사고 통계데이터를 구축할 수 있으며, 이는 화학물질 취급시설과취급관리 강화 등과 같은 제도개선 및 화학사고 예방대책 수립을 위한 중요한 기초자료가 될 것이다. This study has established a highly practical classification system to develop measures for reducing chemical accidents. Taxonomy for chemical accident was improved by investigating accident classification statuses domestically and internationally. And analyzed cases of chemical accidents that occurred domestically for validation. To analyze a single incident from multiple perspectives, it was categorized into 9 major classifications: type, cause, place, damage, date, substance, accident facility, work detail, and violations. The 9 items were classified into 64 categories, which were further subdivided into 60 sub-classifications to enable detailed identification of causes. This study is expected to provide important foundations for institutional improvements such as strengthening regulations on chemical handling facilities and management, as well as formulating preventice measures for chemical accidents.

교통사고 유형별 발생 유무별 영향요인 판별 및 분류모형 구축에 관한 연구

김봉기;정철우;이원규 경찰대학교 2011 경찰학연구 Vol.11 No.2

Damages such as casualty and social cost are continuously increasing due to traffic accidents. Accurate analysis on traffic accident-concerned problems should be preceded to secure reduction of traffic accidents. Discriminant and Classification Model of Influence Factors based on Typology(death, serious injury, minor injury, injury) and whether or not traffic accidents happen is constructed using Quantification theory E and Logistic Regression Analysis. Based on this, institutional improvements are deducted as follows. First, valid Discriminant and Classification Model of Influence Factors based on Typology and whether or not traffic accidents happen is constructed by Quantification theory E and Logistic Regression Analysis. Second, as a result of Discriminant Model by Quantification theory E, correlation ratio of death, serious injury, minor injury and injury is 0.99954. This Discriminant Model compatibly explains dividing factors of external variables. Third, as a result of construction of Classification Model by Logistic Regression Analysis, -2LL is 2.5~12.3% more valid after Model construction than before Model construction. The significance level of Model and Improvement is also significant. Forth, reduction measures which should be enforced in priority and in complement are suggested.

해양안전 정보 분류체계를 활용한 선박사고 초동대응 분석 : 중부해역 선박사고 분석을 중심으로

이영재,강성경,구자영 한국해양경찰학회 2020 한국해양경찰학회보 Vol.10 No.1

매년 반복적이고 대형화된 해양사고가 발생함에 따라 해양사고 예방 및 피해 최 소화를 위한 정책개선 및 연구가 진행되고 있다. 통상 사고예방을 위해 수립되는 정 책이나 사업, 각종 연구과정에서 해양경찰청 또는 중앙해양안전심판원에서 발간하는 통계자료나 사례집을 활용하고 있는데, 이는 사고관리를 위한 정보 활용에 극히 제 한적이다. 현행 통계제공 항목의 경우 사고 위험성에 대한 깊이 있는 분석에 제약이 있고, 항목 간 연계를 통해 새로운 패턴이나 경향을 발견하기 어렵다. 본 연구의 선 행연구에서는 해양사고 안전 관련 연구, 정책수립, 의사결정에 더욱 다양한 데이터를 활용할 수 있도록 하는 ‘해양안전 정보 분류체계’를 제시하였다. 후속 연구인 이번 연구에서는 해당 분류체계를 적용하여 기존 통계자료를 활용한 연구에서 발견할 수 없는 선박사고 ‘초동대응’ 관점의 실태를 파악해보고자 한다. 이를 위해 ‘해양안전 정 보 분류체계’를 적용하여 2015-2018년 중부해역에서 발생한 선박사고 보고서에서 초 동대응과 관련 있는 데이터를 수집했다. 분석은 신고접수, 상황전파, 현장출동(도착 시간) 등 초동대응과 관련한 부문, 사고 유형별 신고 비중과 전개양상, 이에 따른 인 명피해 연관성에 대해 실시하였으며, 관서별 분석자료 활용 방안을 제시하였다. Policy improvement and research on maritime safety prevention and damage minimization are underway due to the annually increasing number of maritime accidents that are growing in scale. Generally, statistical data or casebooks from the Korea coast guard and the Korean Maritime Safety Tribunal are utilized for policy, business, or research processes involving accident prevention. These uses demonstrate the limitations of the data utilizing process for accident prevention. There are constraints in current statistical data articles for insightful analysis of accident dangerousness, and it is difficult to discover new trends through the correlation of each article. This study proposes a ‘maritime safety information classification system’, which enables a wider variety of data to be utilized for marine accident prevention related research, policy making, and decision making. The presented research will analyze the actual conditions of boating accidents from the perspective of initial reaction by applying the classification system. This cannot be found from existing statistical data. This is implemented with boating accident reports in the central sea from 2015-2018. The analysis includes the initial reaction related parts such as the accident report, propagation of the situation, dispatch (arrival time, etc.), report ratio and development by types accident types, and human life damage correlation due to it. It will then suggest an analyzed date utilization plan by government offices.

Roles of Safety Management System (SMS) in Aircraft Development

Won Kwan Lee,Seung Jo Kim 한국항공우주학회 2015 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.16 No.3

Safety is the first priority in civil aviation, and so the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has introduced and mandated the use of Safety Management Systems (SMS) by airlines, airports, air traffic services, aircraft maintenance organizations, and training organizations. The aircraft manufacturing industry is the last for which ICAO has mandated the implementation of SMS. Since SMS is a somewhat newer approach for most manufacturers in the aviation industry, they hardly believe in the value of implementing SMS. The management of safety risk characteristics that occur during early aircraft development stages and the systematic linkage that the safety risk has to do with an aircraft in service could have a significant influence on the safe operation and life cycle of the aircraft. This paper conducts a case analysis of the McDonnell Douglas MD-11 accident/incident to identify the root causes and safety risk levels, and also verified why aircraft manufacturing industry should begin to adopt SMS in order to prevent aircraft accident.

Roles of Safety Management System (SMS) in Aircraft Development

Lee, Won Kwan,Kim, Seung Jo The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Scie 2015 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.16 No.3

Safety is the first priority in civil aviation, and so the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has introduced and mandated the use of Safety Management Systems (SMS) by airlines, airports, air traffic services, aircraft maintenance organizations, and training organizations. The aircraft manufacturing industry is the last for which ICAO has mandated the implementation of SMS. Since SMS is a somewhat newer approach for most manufacturers in the aviation industry, they hardly believe in the value of implementing SMS. The management of safety risk characteristics that occur during early aircraft development stages and the systematic linkage that the safety risk has to do with an aircraft in service could have a significant influence on the safe operation and life cycle of the aircraft. This paper conducts a case analysis of the McDonnell Douglas MD-11 accident/incident to identify the root causes and safety risk levels, and also verified why aircraft manufacturing industry should begin to adopt SMS in order to prevent aircraft accident.

회전익 항공기 인적요인 향상을 위한 잠재원인에 관한 연구

최진국,변아름 한국항공운항학회 2017 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Around 70% of domestic aircraft accidents in helicopter aircraft. The causal factors of the helicopter accidents are identified as human factors. People have focused mostly on unsafe acts to prevent the accident. The accidents should be analysed on human factors to reduce accident. The unsafe acts can be managed effectively if the latent failures were identified through the HFACS. This paper is to introduce about the latent failure classified by the HFACS and provide the analysis regarding the latent failure of the helicopters by the aviation safety advisors through the interviews.

Roles of Safety Management System (SMS) in Aircraft Development

이원관,김승조 한국항공우주학회 2015 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.16 No.3

Safety is the first priority in civil aviation, and so the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has introduced and mandated the use of Safety Management Systems (SMS) by airlines, airports, air traffic services, aircraft maintenance organizations, and training organizations. The aircraft manufacturing industry is the last for which ICAO has mandated the implementation of SMS. Since SMS is a somewhat newer approach for most manufacturers in the aviation industry, they hardly believe in the value of implementing SMS. The management of safety risk characteristics that occur during early aircraft development stages and the systematic linkage that the safety risk has to do with an aircraft in service could have a significant influence on the safe operation and life cycle of the aircraft. This paper conducts a case analysis of the McDonnell Douglas MD-11 accident/incident to identify the root causes and safety risk levels, and also verified why aircraft manufacturing industry should begin to adopt SMS in order to prevent aircraft accident.

교통사고 유형별 발생 유무별 영향요인 판별 및 분류모형 구축에 관한 연구

김봉기(Kim, Bong Gi),정철우(Jeong, Cheol W),이원규(Lee, Won Gyu) 경찰대학 경찰학연구편집위원회 2011 경찰학연구 Vol.11 No.2

Damages such as casualty and social cost are continuously increasing due to traffic accidents. Accurate analysis on traffic accident-concerned problems should be preceded to secure reduction of traffic accidents. Discriminant and Classification Model of Influence Factors based on Typology(death, serious injury, minor injury, injury) and whether or not traffic accidents happen is constructed using Quantification theory Ⅱ and Logistic Regression Analysis. Based on this, institutional improvements are deducted as follows. First, valid Discriminant and Classification Model of Influence Factors based on Typology and whether or not traffic accidents happen is constructed by Quantification theory Ⅱ and Logistic Regression Analysis. Second, as a result of Discriminant Model by Quantification theory Ⅱ, correlation ratio of death, serious injury, minor injury and injury is 0.99954. This Discriminant Model compatibly explains dividing factors of external variables. Third, as a result of construction of Classification Model by Logistic Regression Analysis, -2LL is 2.5~12.3% more valid after Model construction than before Model construction. The significance level of Model and Improvement is also significant. Forth, reduction measures which should be enforced in priority and in complement are suggested.