여성 기업가 역량모델 개발

김미란,엄우용 한국벤처창업학회 2022 벤처창업연구 Vol.17 No.5

The purpose of this study was to develop a female entrepreneurial competency model. For the purpose, two Focus Group Interviews (FGI) were conducted with seven outstanding female entrepreneurs, and three expert reviews were conducted. In addition, in order to verify the validity of the provisional female entrepreneur competency model derived from the FGI and competency modeling expert review, the female entrepreneur competency model was finally confirmed through a survey of 442 female entrepreneurs. The results were as follows. First, a female entrepreneur competency model consisting of 6 competency groups and 25 competencies of entrepreneurship, emotion, business management, relationship management, strategic management, and multitasking, and 75 behavioral indicators describing each competency was developed. Second, sensibility and multitasking are competencies that reflect the characteristics of female entrepreneurs. In particular, 'social sense', which is the ability to be considerate of others in the emotional competency group and the ability to respond well to subtle nuances, and the multitasking competency group's unique strengths are women's ability to perform various tasks at the same time. The 'work-family control ability' of a female entrepreneur who maintains a balance between 'multi-tasking' and work and family is a representative competency of only female entrepreneurs. Third, the developed female entrepreneurship competency model is meaningful in that it not only increases female entrepreneurial competency so that prospective female entrepreneurs can successfully run a business through entrepreneurship education, but it also makes it easy for existing female entrepreneurs to reflect and improve their competencies. have. If we provide appropriate training programs to female entrepreneurs based on their competency, it will be possible to effectively enhance the entrepreneurial competency, which is the key to strengthening the competitiveness of female entrepreneurs. The female entrepreneur competency model developed through this study can provide a basis for future research on competency diagnosis and education needs analysis. 여성의 사회진출이 급격히 증가함에 따라 오랫동안 남성의 영역으로 인식되어 왔던 기업경영에도 여성의 진출이 늘어나고 있다. 이에 여성 기업가가 직면하고 있는 사회 구조적 특징과 한계, 기회 등을 고려하여 여성 기업가의 역량이 무엇인지를 명확하게 규명하고 이를 바탕으로 현재 기업을 경영하고 있는 여성 기업가나 향후 여성 기업가를 꿈꾸는 예비 여성 기업가를 체계적으로 양성하는 방안을 마련할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 여성 기업가 역량모델을 개발하여 여성 기업가 양성을 위한 토대를 마련하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위하여 우수 여성 기업가 7명을 대상으로 두 차례의 포커스그룹 인터뷰(FGI)를 하였으며, 세 차례의 전문가 검토를 하였다. 이를 바탕으로 여성 기업가 역량모델을 잠정적으로 도출했고, 여성 기업가 442명을 대상으로 실시한 설문조사를 통해 역량모델의 타당성을 검토한 후 여성 기업가 역량모델을 최종적으로 확정했다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업가정신, 감성, 경영관리, 관계관리, 전략경영 그리고 멀티태스킹의 6개 역량군과 25개 역량, 그리고 각 역량을 설명하는 75개의 행동지표로 구성된 여성 기업가 역량모델이 개발되었다. 둘째, 감성과 멀티태스킹은 여성 기업가의 특징이 잘 반영된 역량군으로 드러났다. 특히, 감성 역량군에 속하는 ‘사회적센스’(상대방에 관한 배려와 미세한 뉘앙스를 잘 감지하여 대처하는 능력), 멀티태스킹 역량군에 속하는 ‘다중업무’(여러 가지 일을 수행 할 수 있는 능력)와 ‘일가정조절능력’(일과 가정이라는 두 가지 업무에 관한 균형을 유지할 수 있는 능력)은 여성 기업가만의 대표적인 역량이라 할 수 있다. 셋째, 개발된 여성 기업가 역량모델은 기업가 교육을 통해 기존의 여성 기업가 뿐만 아니라 예비 여성 기업가의 기업가 역량을 기반으로 여성 기업가에게 적절한 교육프로그램을 제공한다면 여성 기업가의 경쟁력 강화의 핵심이 되는 기업가 역량을 효과적으로 증진할 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 개발된 여성 기업가 역량 모델은 향후 역량 진단, 교육요구분석 등의 연구를 위한 기초를 제공해 줄 수 있을 것이다.

A Study on the Effect of Entrepreneurial Environment on Entrepreneurial Performance of Chinese women: Focusing on Entrepreneurial Learning

호가가,이경 아시아.유럽미래학회 2022 유라시아연구 Vol.19 No.2

Nowadays, most countries attach great importance to the development of entrepreneurship and encourage women to choose the path of entrepreneurship because the successful development of entrepreneurial activities can not only promote economic growth social progress, create jobs, and relieve employment pressure, but also help to improve the social and family status of women and promote gender equality. Female entrepreneurs are becoming the focus of scholarly research. Research on female entrepreneurs is being conducted directly and separately, rather than being limited to a comparison of gender differences between men and women or in a male-dominated environment. The research purpose is to achieve the following objectives through data research on entrepreneurial women and questionnaire analysis. First, to investigate the current situation and problems of female entrepreneurs, to show the accurate data and actual status of female entrepreneurs. Second, based on the entrepreneurial process theory, this study explores the issues related to female entrepreneurs, combining entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial performance, and analyzes how the entrepreneurial environment affects the development of entrepreneurial enterprises in female entrepreneurship.Third, this study analyzes the process of female entrepreneurship by combining entrepreneurship theory, gender theory, and entrepreneurial learning theory and explores the relationship between entrepreneurial environment, entrepreneurial learning, and entrepreneurial performance by using SPSS26.0 and AMOS27.0. This study used literature research, questionnaire research, and other research methods to conduct questionnaire research on 565 female entrepreneurs, collected data related to their entrepreneurial environment, entrepreneurial learning, and entrepreneurial performance, and constructed a model of the female entrepreneurial process. The study also explores the factors and mechanisms that influence female entrepreneurial performance. Research results show that entrepreneurial environment has a significant positive impact on both entrepreneurial performance and entrepreneurial learning of female entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurial learning plays a significant mediating role between entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial performance.

예비여성창업자의 창업의도에 미치는 요인 연구

홍지우 ( Jee-woo Hong ),염지훈 ( Ji-hoon Yeom ),김경환 ( Kyong-hwan Kim ) 한국생산성학회 2018 生産性論集 Vol.32 No.4

While the participation rate of women in economic activities are becoming higher globally, Korea is still at the lowest level among OECD countries with only a slight increase. The importance of female entrepreneurship is emphasized in terms of enabling non-economically active women to be called economically active people through entrepreneurship rather than reemployment in the period of the 4th Industrial Revolution, contributing to the innovation growth of the national economy, and thus business creation as a part of women's economic activities can be an alternative for changes and growth of Korean economy. Previously, studies on female entrepreneurship have been focused on its status, support policy, the relationship between entrepreneur's characteristics and performances, and training. In order to reinvigorate female entrepreneurship, understanding of general phenomena of business creation is necessary, which in turn requires a study on the entrepreneurial intention, the starting point of entrepreneurial behaviors. Hence, in this study, a research model was designed on the basis of theory of planned behavior, social capital and social support for factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of female entrepreneurs, and its verification attempted. For this purpose, interviews and an online survey were conducted on 150 potential female entrepreneurs, and the collected data were analyzed using statistical programs, SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0. The analysis showed that attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and social capital had a significant impact on entrepreneurial intention while social support did not. As a result of this study, it is interpreted that the ability to utilize active social interaction among female entrepreneurs in the Korean society where networking is important is needed. It is expected that the findings of this study can be utilized as basic data that suggest a direction of new development to build a smooth support system for female startup companies, and contribute to the growth of female entrepreneurs.

여성기업가와 집적의 경제

홍성효(Hong, Sung Hyo) 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2014 아시아여성연구 Vol.53 No.1

최근 여성 학력의 신장은 이들의 보다 적극적인 경제활동 참여의 필요성을 제기하며, 여성기업가의 상대적으로 높은 여성고용비율은 여성일자리 창출을 위한 여성창업의 중요성을 제시한다. 하지만, 여성기업가는 가사나 육아에 대한 부담으로 상대적으로 근거리 통근을 해야만 하고 이로 인해 지리적으로 격리되어 집적의 경제로부터의 편익을 얻는데 있어 한계를 지니는 것으로 주장된다. 본 연구는 우리나라 자료를 이용해 실제로 여성기업가가 남성기업가에 비해 지리적으로 군집을 덜하고 지리적으로 격리되어 집적의 경제 효과를 충분히 누리지 못하며 이에 대한 이유 가운데 하나가 가사 혹은 육아에 대한 부담에 기인함을 실증분석을 통해 제시한다. 이러한 연구결과는 우리나라에서 여성기업가들이 지리적으로 군집하고 기존 기업들과의 네트워크를 형성할 수 있도록 하는 정책적 노력이 필요함을 지적한다. The recent increase in females" educational attainments suggests the necessity of their active participation in economic activities, and the relatively higher rate of females in employment with female entrepreneurs places an emphasis on female start-ups to create jobs for females. However, it is argued that female entrepreneurs obtain only partial benefits from agglomeration economies because they have to commute relatively shorter distance due to the burden of their housework or child-care and thus are geographically segregated. Using Korean data, this study empirically shows that female entrepreneurs do not enjoy sufficient agglomerative effects by being less co-located and geographically more segregated and that such insufficient agglomeration economies with female entrepreneurs originate partly from females" housework or child-care burden. These empirical results point out that policy efforts are required for female entrepreneurs to geographically cluster and form networks with nearby existing firms.

영화산업에 종사하는 40대 여성 창업가의 진로 전환 경험에 관한 질적 사례연구

김희선,왕은자 한국여성심리학회 2022 한국심리학회지 여성 Vol.27 No.3

Due to employment instability and extended life expectancy, career transition became permanent, and an individual's active career attitude was emphasized. Female career paths are characterized by M-curve, glass ceilings, career breaks, and difficulties in work-family balance. Research on career transition as a process of realizing the self and finding meaning is needed. Entrepreneurship is one of the positive attitudes toward career transition. Gender strategies and entrepreneurship different from men’s can be explored in female entrepreneurship. This study is a qualitative case study of three female entrepreneurs in their 40s working in the film industry, examining their experiences and adaptation efforts in the transition process. In the film industry, the entrepreneurship of female entrepreneurs had in common that they extended their pursuit of meaning to their profession on the basis of the formation of their occupational identity. Female entrepreneurs overcame difficulties by expanding their responsibilities as entrepreneurs in the process of career transition and developed adaptation strategies that compromise while drawing lines with male-centered culture. Female entrepreneurs were creating their identity as 'female entrepreneurs' by having a vision beyond doing 'work' through entrepreneurship. Based on the results of the study, the necessity of longitudinal research on qualitative research results, a comparative study of male entrepreneurs, and development of a counseling program that combines feminism and career constructivism were mentioned as suggestions.

여성기업가와 여성고용: 대구시 사례

홍성효 ( Sung-hyo Hong ) 전남대학교 지역개발연구소 2018 지역개발연구 Vol.50 No.1

본 연구는 대구시를 사례로 기업의 대표자 성 간 해당 기업 내 여성고용 규모의 차이를 성향점수 매칭을 통해 실증적으로 분석한다. 분석결과에 의하면, 기업들의 특성이 유사함을 전제로 남성 대표자 기업에 비해 여성 대표자 기업에서 여성고용의 창출규모가 보다 큼을 알 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 여성의 고용을 창출하기 위한 방안으로서 여성의 창업지원을 위한 정책적 노력이 적어도 효율성 측면에서 타당함을 함축한다. 하지만, 산업별로 남성 대표자 기업 대비 여성 대표자 기업의 여성고용 창출규모가 상이해 산업별로 차별화된 혹은 선별적 정책의 추진이 요구된다. This study empirically analyzes the gap in female employment between femaleand male-owned firms for the case of Daegu using the propensity score matching method. According to the results, female-owned firms tend to create more female employment than male-owned firms do on condition that the firms' characteristics are similar. This finding implies that the policy efforts to efficiently support female start-ups as a way to create female employment could be valid. However, it is still required to implement an industry-specific or selective policy since the degree to which female-owned firms generate female jobs relative to male-owned firms is different among industries.

日本における女性起業家のキャリア形成と類型に関する研究

李侖?(Lee,Youn-Hee) 한국일본문화학회 2016 日本文化學報 Vol.0 No.70

In recent years, although the situation in which success of Japanese women in business as expected has arrived, research on women entrepreneurs that were analyzed in detail about what to do from idea conception until the business establishment is still limited. It is, therefore, an object of this paper, for Japanese women entrepreneurs to acquire any such resources through their career, is to analyze in detail how to mobilize to whether to become entrepreneurs and their resources. In other words, for women entrepreneurs to be entrepreneurs, what resources, from anyone (from where), how to secure, how to use, and, the results will be discussed. In this paper, first, it was analyzed that women entrepreneurs had to transfer capital over to adulthood from childhood, and exemplified the case in which women entrepreneurs to win each capital to another area. And, it was analyzed for typology of vocational career patterns of women entrepreneurs. The result of the cluster analysis in which from the seven variables that make up the vocational career patterns of women entrepreneurs, It has been divided into four clusters-"specialist", "unintended carrier", "generalist", and "intended carrier”.

기업가적 자아와 젠더: 90년대 여성 기업가 자서전을 중심으로

김혜인 동악어문학회 2023 동악어문학 Vol.90 No.-

This article aims to discuss the autobiographies of Jang Young-sin and Jo An-ri, which have been previously regarded as “women's self-narratives” during the mid-1990s, within the context of Korean entrepreneurial autobiographies. Women's entrepreneurial autobiographies are a distinct form of entrepreneurial narrative that emerges under different conditions compared to those of male entrepreneurs. The autobiographies of Jang Young-sin and Jo An-ri employ different gender strategies in constructing their entrepreneurial identities. Jang Young-sin's autobiography, shaped by her involvement in business through spousal succession, presents a distinct leadership style as a female entrepreneur that contrasts with the authoritative and patriarchal leadership associated with male entrepreneurs. It narrates how her experiences in nurturing and motherhood became the seeds of her entrepreneurial capabilities. On the other hand, Jo An-ri's autobiography foregrounds impulsive passions and the emotions of love, which have often been dismissed as “irrational,” and bestows upon them the capacity for entrepreneurial adventure and exploration, imbuing them with meaning and value. In contrast to male entrepreneurial autobiographies, which often simplify or make invisible the realm of intimate emotions and the private space of the home, these women's entrepreneurial autobiographies emphasize the experiences in the personal sphere and impulsive passions as the primary seeds for subsequent entrepreneurial capabilities. Moreover, an ideal entrepreneurial identity is constructed around these aspects. These dimensions hold significant importance for these authors in terms of securing the legitimacy of their entrepreneurial lives and self-assertion. Jang Young-sin, following her husband's death, transitioned from a housewife to the head of the family business through spousal succession within the structure of a family- owned enterprise. Jo An-ri, after marrying a foreign clergyman and facing societal condemnation, left Korea and ventured into business to achieve economic independence. These autobiographies create a meaningful and valuable model that justifies the entrepreneurial lives of female authors who started as “inherited widows” and “marginal men” engaging in challenging entrepreneurship. However, the autobiographies of Jang Young-sin and Jo An-ri can also be seen as narratives of the lives of the “elite ruling class” who have succeeded in wealth accumulation and class reproduction within Korean society. In Jang Young-sin's autobiography, the process of succession is narrativized as part of a universal gender struggle. Furthermore, her “extraordinary success” is portrayed as the manifestation of accumulated capabilities within the domestic sphere. These aspects make her autobiography more akin to a gendered version of strong individualism. In Jo An-ri's autobiography, the “capital flowing across borders,” driven by multinational corporations and state power during the 1980s and 1990s, is represented as a humanized form of capital, bracketing its power and class attributes, appearing as a “warm” and “alive” entity. Within the narrative of love and business, capital and the economy are also transformed into the realm of “warm emotions.” The more “femininity” is emphasized in these autobiographies, the more these women position themselves as “elite entrepreneurs” with entrepreneurial capabilities rather than simply being labeled as “women.” As they emphasize their gender identity, they assume the position of the “economic ruling class.” This can be seen as a paradoxical gendered self-expression in women's entrepreneurial autobiographies that reproduces class and justifies economic wealth. In the 1990s, the autobiographies of Jang Young-sin and Jo An-ri narrativized their entrepreneurial lives at the intersection of gender and class. These narratives oscillated between providing an altern...

Accessibility to Industrial Factors and Business Performance: A Case Study of Female Entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka

Mohamed Abdul Cader SALFIYA UMMAH,Athambawa HALEEM 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.8

This study aims to examine the impact of accessing industrial factors in enhancing business performance with special reference to Muslim women entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka. Industrial factors are industrial resources available to Muslim women entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka and it was measured using the dimensions of resource accessibility and government and non-governmental support. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 260 women entrepreneurs from the Muslim community who are registered with the chamber of commerce in the three districts of the Eastern province of Sri Lanka, using a simple random sampling technique. Structural Equation Modeling with AMOS was used as the data analysis technique. The structural model showed that resource accessibility had a significant and positive relationship with business performance, whereas government and non-governmental support did not significantly influence business performance. Especially, Muslim women entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka do not show interest in getting support such as finance, training, and other necessities from government and non-government organizations as well as business development support agencies. Trade chambers and decision-making authorities may use this finding to gain insights and develop strategies to enhance the business performance of women entrepreneurs.

여성 청년창업가의 셀프리더십 개발을 위한 역량 우선순위 분석 : The Locus for Focus 모형 중심으로

양지희(Jihee Yang),리상섭(Sangseub Lee) 한국교육컨설팅코칭학회 2021 교육컨설팅코칭연구 Vol.5 No.2

청년실업의 대안으로 청년창업의 중요성이 높아지고 있으며, 정부는 민간, 대학 등 유관기관과의 창업 네트워크를 형성하여 다양한 창업지원 정책을 추진하고 있다. 그러나 창업지원 정책을 기반으로 창업 시도가 늘어나는 만큼 실패사례도 발생하고 있다. 또한 청년창업의 문제점으로 일반창업보다 낮은 청년창업의 생존율이 큰 문제로 대두되고 있다. 이는 청년창업의 생존 능력을 제고해 창업지속률을 높일 수 있는 지원정책이 필요함을 시사한다. 청년창업을 분석한 결과, 남성 청년창업에 비해 여성 청년창업은 시도는 늘고 있지만 창업지속률은 떨어지는 현상을 보였다. 이는 창업지속률을 높이기 위한 교육 대상으로 여성 청년창업가를 주목해야 함을 의미한다. 선행연구 분석 결과, 창업지속률에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 개인의 역량으로 셀프리더십을 도출할 수 있었다. 셀프리더십은 목표달성을 위한 영향력의 방향이 외적인 대상에서 자신에게 국한된 개념으로 특히 창업지속력의 중요 요소인 창업의지와 사회적 자본 확보에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 셀프리더십은 창업가 개인의 역량을 개발해야하는 창업교육에서 중요한 요소이나 그 중요도에 비해 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 여성 청년창업가를 대상으로 셀프리더십 역량 교육요구도를 분석하여 창업지원기관에서 우선적으로 개발되어야 하는 셀프리더십 역량을 도출하고자 한다. 이에 첫째, 여성 청년창업가의 셀프리더십 역량 현재 보유도 및 미래 필요도와 둘째, 여성 청년창업가의 셀프리더십 역량 교육요구도, 셋째, 여성 청년창업가 중 실제 청년창업가와 예비 청년창업가의 셀프리더십 역량 교육요구도를 분석하였다. The importance of startups is increasing as an alternative to youth unemployment, and the government is promoting various startup support policies by forming a startup network with related institutions such as the private sector and universities. However, as the number of startup attempts is increasing based on the startup support policy, there are also cases of failure. The survival rate of young startups, which is lower than that of general startups, is emerging as a major problem. This suggests that a support policy is needed to improve the survival of young entrepreneurs and to increase the sustainability of entrepreneurship. As a result of prior research analysis, I was able to derive self-leadership with individuals ability to positively influence the startup sustainability rate. Self-leadership has a positive impact on the will to start business and secure social capital, which are important elements of sustainability, as the direction of influence to achieve the goal is limited to oneself from external targets. Self-leadership is an important factor in startup education, which requires the development of individual capabilities of founders, but research is lacking in comparison to its importance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the self-leadership ability education requirements for female young founders and to derive self-leadership ability that should be developed first by startup support organizations. First, the self-leadership education requirements of young female founders, second, the self-leadership education requirements of young female founders, and third, the self-leadership education requirements of young female founders and reserve youth founders.