환상박피 시기가 ‘후지’/M.9 사과나무의 영양생장, 과실품질 및 꽃눈형성에 미치는 영향

사공동훈(Dong-Hoon Sagong),윤태명(Tae-Myung Yoon) 한국원예학회 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.1

고밀식 사과원에 있어 수세가 강한 ‘후지’/M.9 사과나무의 세력을 안정시키는데 효과적인 환상박피 처리방법을 알기 위하여 2004년 발아기, 만개기 및 과경 15㎜의 유과기에 5㎜의 폭으로 주간에 실시하였다. 박피에 따른 영양생장을 무처리인 대조구와 비교한 결과, 발아기 박피구의 총 신초장은 대조구의 64% 수준이었으나 만개기 박피구에서는 73%로 박피 시기가 빠를수록 영양생장 감소가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 익년 개화율은 만개기 처리구가 무처리의 33.6%에 비해 85.7%로 가장 높았고, 생장억제가 가장 컸던 발아기 처리구는 박피 처리구 중에서 가장 낮은 56.0%였다. 박피가 시기에 관계없이 사과의 품질에는 뚜렷하게 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 박피 시기에 있어서는 신초 억제효과는 만개기 이전에 처리하는 것이 효과적이었으나 익년 개화율 증가에서는 만개기 이후에 처리하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타나, 신초 억제효과 및 익년 개화율 증가를 볼 때 적절한 환상박피 처리 시기는 만개기인 것으로 판단되었다. In order to control tree vigor, ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple trees in high density orchard were ringed width 5 ㎜ in 2004 in tree trunk in different phenological stages; terminal bud break, full bloom and fruitlet (fruit size is about 15 ㎜). It was observed that ringing at bud break stage reduced the total shoot growth of trees to 64% of the uncut control, while ringing at full bloom stage to 73%, indicating that the early ringing, the more effective on controlling vegetative growth. When the trees were ringed at full bloom, return bloom was the highest, 85.7%, compared to the control of 33.6%. Ringing at bud break stage was remarkably increased return bloom to 56.0%, and resulted in low vegetative growth. Ringing at fruitlet stage only got a slightly higher return bloom compared to the control trees. Appropriate shoot growth reduction resulted from ringing in tree trunk before full bloom stage did not have certain negative effect on fruit quality and improve tree flowering in the following year. With respect to increasing return bloom and yield efficiency, the optimum ringing time was full bloom.

GA3에 의한 산호수의 화아형성과 착과 및 비대 증진효과

길미정(Mi-Jung Kil),허은주(Yeun-Joo Huh),권영순(Young-Soon Kwon) 한국원예학회 2011 원예과학기술지 Vol.29 No.6

GA3에 의한 화아수 증진효과는 산호수 1년생, 생장조절제의 종류 및 농도에 따른 착과, 비대 및 착색 증진효과는 산호수 2년생을 사용하여 본 실험을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 화아수는 400mg?L<SUP>-1</SUP> 처리구에서 가장 많았으며, 이는 대조구보다 약 1.8배 많이 형성되었다. 착과율 증진을 위해 산호수 만개시기에 생장조절제를 처리한 결과, GA3와 auxin처리구의 착과율이 증진되었으며, 이 중 GA3가 더 효과적이었다. GA3에 의한 착과율은 0.5와 1.0mg?L<SUP>-1</SUP> 처리시 각각 약 70%와 77%로 대조구보다 약 1.8배 증가되었다. 또한 Auxin 중 Dichloprop triethanol amine도 약 7-12%가 향상되었지만, cytokinin과 anti-GA는 효과가 없었다. GA3에 의한 산호수 열매 비대효과를 알아보기 위해 만개 2달 후 열매 지름이 약 2-3mm되었을 때 0.3, 0.6, 1.2mg?L<SUP>-1</SUP>를 1달 간격으로 3회 처리한 결과, 0.6mg?L<SUP>-1</SUP>에서 약 15% 향상되었다. 그러나, 과피의 안토시아닌 측정에 의한 착색정도는 GA3 처리농도에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 즉, 산호수에 있어서 GA3는 화아수, 착과, 열매 비대를 증진시키는데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. The objective of this study was carried out to investigate the proper plant growth regulator for increasing the number of flower, fruit set, and to enlarge the size of the berries in Ardisia pusilla. Flower bud formation was used rooted cutting, and fruit set, enlargement, and coloration of fruit were used with two years-old. GA3 concentrations were treated with 0, 100, 200, or 400 mg?L<SUP>-1</SUP>. Flower bud formation was effective in 400 mg?L<SUP>-1</SUP> GA3 and it was 1.8 times greater than control. Plant growth regulators were applied by foliar spray at full bloom stage to increase the fruit set. As a result, GA3 was the most effective for increasing fruit set. Also, auxins of 4-CPA (Tomatotone, Donbu hitech Co., Korea) and dichloprop triethanol amine (Antifall , Bayer Crop Science Co., Ltd., Korea) were effective. When GA3 concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 mg?L<SUP>-1</SUP> were used, fruit set (%) reached to 70% and 77%, respectively. Effectiveness of GA 3 was 1.8 times greater than control. Also, auxins, dichloprop triethanol amine increased to about 7-12% during fruit setting, but cytokinin and anti-gibberellin were ineffective. To investigate the fruit enlargement and coloration, GA3 was treated with 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mg?L<SUP>-1</SUP>. Fruit enlargement was achieved to about 15% by GA3 0.6 mg?L<SUP>-1</SUP> when GA3 was treated 3 times at the interval of 1 month per treatment when fruit size was about 2-3mm (after full-blooming two months). But anthocyanin contents for coloration of fruit skin were not significant according to GA3 concentration. The results showed that GA3 enhanced bud formation, fruit set and enlargement of fruit size in Ardisia pusilla.

최근 아시아계 미국여성의 정체성: 킴 웡 켈트너의 『골고루 갖춘 딤섬』과 캐롤라인 황의 『활짝 피다』를 중심으로

원유경 한국중앙영어영문학회 2010 영어영문학연구 Vol.52 No.3

Nowadays, the borders between countries have started to disappear. Traditional concepts of national identity and national culture are being replaced by new global identities. In the past, Asian immigrants arriving in the West were marginalized and suffered much when confronted by new and unfamiliar languages and cultures. However, the second or third generations of the original immigrants and the financially successful and educated new immigrants have started to enjoy a significantly enhanced quality of life, without feeling any barriers due to language. These changes are very evident in the works of contemporary Asian-American women writers such as Kim Wong Keltner’s The Dim Sum of All Things and Caroline Hwang’s In Full Bloom. The main point of this article is to analyze the problem of self/ethnic/cultural identity of intelligent Asian-American women in these two writers’ works. These young women writers use satire and humor, imitating and subverting the conventional plot of a sentimental mother-daughter relationship or a spiritual trip to the motherland. Their works sometimes appear less sincere and very shallow like a popular love story. However, they very effectively show how these intelligent, young women suffer from the humiliation of being stereotyped by an invisible racism towards Asians which is cloaked behind the policy of multiculturalism. Even though they have been assimilated into the mainstream of white society almost perfectly, their ethnic identity is still unstable.

Model based on temperature parameters predicts optimal harvest date for ‘Whasan’ Asian pear

서호진,Po-An Chen,Jang Hoon Song 한국원예학회 2020 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.61 No.5

The optimal harvest date for ‘Whasan’ pears ( Pyrus pyrifolia ‘Whasan’), which is diffi cult to predict, is currently determinedon the basis of fi eld observations of fruit quality. To create better models for predicting pear maturation, we utilized fl oweringperiod data from the Pear Research Institute, South Korea; commercial harvest data; and daily meteorological informationfrom 2007 to 2011 to assess fi ve temperature-related parameters for inclusion in the models: (1) daily mean temperature; (2)daily maximum temperature; (3) daily minimum temperature; (4) average of the daily mean temperature and daily maximumtemperature; and (5) average of the daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature, and daily minimum temperature. We used these parameters and the minimum coeffi cient of variation method to estimate the base temperature and constructfi ve temperature-based models for predicting harvest date. Data from 2015 to 2016 were used to evaluate the performanceof these models, as assessed by average absolute deviation, average squared error, and average absolute percentage error. Using the average of the daily mean and maximum temperatures as the variable input temperature and 9.4 °C as the basetemperature, we obtained the most accurate prediction of the optimal pear harvest date. Our model indicates that the optimalharvest date for ‘Whasan’ pear occurs at 2370 accumulated growing-degree days after full bloom.

晋州地方에서 葡萄(Delaware 品種) 開化期에 影響을 미치는 몇가지 要因 分析

裵基煥 진주산업대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

晉州地方에서 葡萄 "Delaware" 品種의 開化期를 豫想할 수 있는 方法을 模索코져 1978年부터 1986年까지(l984年 除外) 8年間 調査한 滿開日 및 發芽日과 該當年度의 氣象觀測 資料를 基礎로 하여, 滿開日과의 有意한 相關의 存在 與否률 밝혀, 相互 相關이 있으면 開花期에 미치는 要因으로 삼았다. l. 調査地에서의 Delaware 品種의 滿開期는 平均 6月 1日, 해에 따라 5月 29日부터 6月 5日 사이에 있었다. 2. 滿開日과 發芽日間에는 높은 有意的인 相關이 있어, 發芽日에서 滿開日까지의 平均 所要日數 37日을 그 해의 發芽日에 加算하면 가장 確實하고 쉽게 滿開日을 豫想할 수 있다. 3. 滿開日과 旬別平均直間의 有意한 相關은 各 旬別에서는 平均氣溫과 最高氣溫이 모두 3月 下旬과 4月 中旬에 있었고, 最低氣溫은 相關이 있는 旬이 없었다. 期別 旬別平價値의 合算溫度間에는 最高氣溫만이 4月 上旬∼下旬, 2月 上旬∼5月 下旬, 4月 上旬∼5月 下旬 間에 有意한 相關이 있었고, 平均氣溫과 最低氣溫은 有意한 相關이 있는 期가 없었다. In order to establish a way to estimate date of blooming in grapes following the previous test with 'Muscut Bailey A', a correlation analysis was made on the basis of full blooming and bud-sprouting dates with 'Delaware' cultivar and of meteorological datas collected in Chinju region for 8 years from 1978 to l986 (except the l984) 1. The full bloom dates were from 29 May to 5 June according to years, and average date was 1 june in this area. 2. The bud-sprouting date showed highly significant correlation with full bloom date as the case of 'Muscat Bailey A. Therefore it was the most reliable and easiest way for eatimating full bloom date to add up average day required from bud-sprouting to full blooming on bud-sprouting date of that year. 3. As to the correlation between 10 daily summary of pre-blooming temperature and full bollm date, significant correlations were observed in both average and maximum temperatures of late-March and middle-April, and also in periodical maximum temperature summation of early∼late of April, early of Feb.∼late of May, and early of April∼late of May.

晉州地方에서 葡萄(Muscat Bailey A 品種) 開花期에 영향을 미치는 몇가지 要因 分析

裵基煥 진주산업대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

葡萄나무의 開花期를 豫想할 수 있는 方法을 模索코저 晉州地方에서 Muscat Bailey A 品種을 가지고 1979年부터 1989年까지 (l984년 除外) 10年 間 調査한 滿開日 및 發芽日과 該當年度의 氣象觀測資料를 基礎로 하여 滿開日과의 有意한 相關의 存在 與否를 밝혀, 相互 相關이 있으면 開化期에 미치는 要因으로 삼았다. 1. 調査地에서의 Muscat Bailey A 品種의 滿開期는 平均 6月 10日, 해에 따라 6月 6日 부터 13日사이에 있었다. 2. 滿開日과 發芽日 間에는 아주 높은 有意的인 相關이 있어, 發牙日에 滿開日까지의 平均所要日數(41.3+0.4日)을 加算하면 가장 確實하고 쉽게 그 해의 大略의 滿開日을 豫想할 수 있다. 3. 滿開日과 旬別平均値 間의 有意한 相關은 各 旬別에서는 平均氣溫은 4月中旬, 最高氣溫은 4月中旬과 5月上旬에 있었고, 最低氣溫은 相關이 있는 旬이 없었다. 期別 旬別平値의 積算溫度間에서 는 平均氣溫이나 最高氣溫 모두 4月上旬∼5月下旬, 4月中旬~5月下旬, 4月上~下旬 間에 相關이 있어, 開花期에 미치는 要因으로 看做되었다. In order to establish a way to estimate date of blooming in grapes, a correlation analysis was made on the basis of full blooming and bud-sprouting dates with 'Muscat Bailey A' cultivar and of meteorological data collected in Chinju region for 10 years from 1979 to 1989(except the 1984) 1. The full bloom dates were from 6 june to 13 June according to years, and average date was 10 June in this arer. 2. The bud-sprouting date showed highly significant correlation with full bloom date. Thersfore it wag the most reliable and easiest way for estimating full bloom date to add up average days reguired from bud-sprouting to full blooming on bud-sprouting date of that year. 3. As to the correlation between 10 daily summary and full bloom date, significant correlations were observed in average temperature of middle-April, in maximum temperatures of middle-April and early-May, and in both periodical average and maximum temperature summation of early-April~late-May, middle-April∼late-May, and early~late of April.

경과기온 양상에 따른 신고 배의 지역별 개화예측모델 평가

김진희 ( Jin-hee Kim ),윤은정 ( Eun-jeong Yun ),김대준 ( Dae-jun Kim ),강대균 ( Daegyoon Kang ),서보훈 ( Bo Hun Seo ),심교문 ( Kyo-moon Shim ) 한국농림기상학회 2020 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.22 No.4

기후변화에 특히 민감한 농업분야에서 최근 겨울철 이상난동 현상으로 과실류의 개화시기는 앞당겨지고 있으며, 늦서리에 의한 꽃눈의 피해는 지속적으로 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 꽃눈이 늦가을부터 휴면에 진입하여 추운 겨울을 지나 싹이 트고 꽃이 피는 봄까지 경과 기온의 양상이 식물의 개화반응에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 남한에서 주로 활용되고 있는 개화예측모델을 대상으로 최근 3년간 8개 지점에서 관측된 기온 자료를 확보하여 신고 배의 내생휴면 해제를 위해 필요한 냉각량과, 휴면타파 이후 개화까지 요구되는 가온량의 일정기간 누적값을 모델별로 각각 비교하고, 객관적으로 평가할 수 있는 관측 만개일 정보를 수집하여 지역별 모델 예측력을 평가하였다. 변동계수로 살펴본 냉각량 계산에 대한 모델별 성능은 mDVR 모델에서 8.4%로 가장 안정적인 것으로 확인되었고, 휴면해제 이후 개화에 도달하기까지 필요한 가온량에 대한 모델별 변동계수는 CD 모델이 17.5%로 낮은 편이었다. 2018년부터 2020년까지 3년간의 신고 배의 만개기 관측날짜로부터 평가한 DVR 모델, mDVR 모델, CD 모델의 만개기 예측력은 mDVR 모델의 정확도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났고, DVR 모델이 전반적으로 좋지 않았다. 특히 울주나 사천 등 기온이 온난한 남부 해안지역에서 오차가 큰 경향이었으며, 예년에 비해 겨울철 기온이 유난히 따뜻했던 2019-2020년은 이천을 제외한 모든 지점에서 실제 개화일보다 빠르게 예측하는 결과를 보였다. Flowering time has been put forward due to the recent abnormally warm winter, which often caused damages of flower buds by late frosts persistently. In the present study, cumulative chill unit and cumulative heat unit of Niitaka pear, which are required for releasing the endogenous dormancy and for flowering after breaking dormancy, respectively, were compared between f lowering time prediction models used in South Korea. Observation weather data were collected at eight locations for the recent three years from 2018-2020. The dates of full bloom were also collected to determine the confidence level of models including DVR, mDVR and CD models. It was found that mDVR model tended to have smaller values (8.4%) of the coefficient of variation (cv) of chill units than any other models. The CD model tended to have a low value of cv (17.5%) for calculation of heat unit required to reach flowering after breaking dormancy. The mDVR model had the most accurate prediction of full bloom during the study period compared with the other models. The DVR model usually had poor skills in prediction of full bloom dates. In particular, the error of the DVR model was large especially in southern coastal areas (e.g., Ulju and Sacheon) where the temperature was warm. Our results indicated that the mDVR model had relatively consistent accuracy in prediction of full bloom dates over region and years of interest. When observation data for full bloom date are compiled for an extended period, the full bloom date can be predicted with greater accuracy improving the mDVR model further.

동계전정 지연이 ‘후지’/M.9 사과나무의 신초생장 및 과실품질에 미치는 영향

권헌중,사공동훈 한국환경농학회 2022 한국환경농학회지 Vol.41 No.3

BACKGROUND : The freezing injury by pruning can be reduced by suspending pruning work when severe cold weather (-23 to –49oC) is forecast. Minimum air temperature of Gunwi region at 3 February was –21.9oC, and the subzero temperature was occurred until 8 April. So, this study was conducted in two years to investigate the effect of delaying winter pruning until full bloom on shoot growth and fruit quality of ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple trees. METHODS AND RESULTS : The time of pruning were dormant (26 March), bud break (3 April), full bloom (2 May). The winter pruning at full bloom significantly reduced fruit weight for two years compared with the control (winter pruning at dormant), and shoot growth of that was reduced only in the following year. There was no significant effect of delaying winter pruning at bud break on soluble solid content, fruit red color, return bloom, and pruning weight for two years compared with the control. CONCLUSION(S) : These results indicated the delaying winter pruning at bud break of ‘Fuji’/M.9 apple tree did not offer any disadvantage over comparable dormant pruning as shoot growth, fruit quality and return bloom, and delayed pruning at full bloom should not be used on trees with less than optimum vigor. .

충주지역에서의 사과 후지 품종의 만개기 추정

이양수,이정택,심교문,황규홍 한국농림기상학회 2002 한국농림기상학회지 Vol.4 No.2

This study was conducted to estimate the full bloom stage of the Fugi apple at e in different elevations at Chungju area. The lapse rate of air temperature related to the elevation in Chungju area was calculated and applicated to estimate the full bloom stage of the Fugi apple cultivar at different elevations. The data for nine levels of elevations at 150, 250, 350, 555, 710 m with the direction of S-W in the Mt. Gyemyong and at 165, 255, 415, 545 m with the direction of N-W in the Mt. Nam were analyzed. The lapse rate range were 0.89℃ per 100 m elevation in the Mt. Gyemyong and 0.74℃ in the Mt. Nam respectively. The difference of full bloom stage at different elevations was 4 to 5 days per 100 m and its range was from April 29th at 100 m to May 10th at 400 m.

배 ‘신고’의 연차간 과실 생장과 기상 요인과의 상관성

한점화(Jeom Hwa Han),손인창(In Chang Son),최인명(In Myeong Choi),김승희(Seung Heui Kim),조정건(Jung Gun Cho),윤석규(Seok Kyu Yun),김호철(Ho Cheol Kim),김태춘(Tae-Choon Kim) 한국원예학회 2013 원예과학기술지 Vol.31 No.1

본 연구는 배 ‘신고’의 과실 생장에 대한 주요 기상 요인의 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 2000년에서 2010년까지 평균 만개일은 4월 19일이었고, 편차는 4.2일이었다. 만개 후 160일째의 평균 과실 횡경은 102.4mm였고 편차는 7.5mm였다. 10년간 기상 요인 중 기온보다 강우량과 일조시수의 변이계수가 컸다. 만개 후 160일째의 과실 횡경은 만개 후 160일 동안의 기상 요인 중에서 누적 일조시수가 상관계수 r = 0.68<SUP>*</SUP>로 정의 상관을 보였다. 만개일의 조만과 만개 후 160일째의 과실 횡경 간에는 상관성을 나타내지 않았다. 상반된 과실 생장 경향을 보였던 2004년과 2009년은 지속적인 강우 시기의 존재와 그에 따른 일조시수의 차이에 의한 것이었다. 따라서 배 ‘신고’의 과실 생장은 기온보다는 누적 일조시수의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 판단되었다. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of climatic factors on fruit growth in ‘Niitaka’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia). For ten years from 2000 to 2010, average full bloom date was April 19th and standard deviation was 4.2 days. Average fruit diameter 160 days after full bloom (DAFB) was 102.4 mm and standard deviation was 7.5 mm. Variance coefficients among climatic factors were higher in rainfall amount and sunshine hours than temperature. Only sunshine hours of climatic factors accumulated during the 160 DAFB had significant positive relationship (r = 0.68<SUP>*</SUP>) with fruit diameter 160 DAFB. Between full bloom date and fruit diameter 160 DAFB had no significant relationship. Fruit growth in 2004, as continuous rain fall and short sunshine hours, showed opposite pattern compared to that in 2009. Therefore, fruit growth of ‘Niitaka’ pear was more fluenced by the accumulated sunshine hours than accumulated temperature.