Ga Content and Thickness Inhomogeneity Effects on Cu(In, Ga)Se2 Solar Modules

Xiaobo Zhu,Tzu-Huan Cheng,Chee-Wee Liu 대한금속·재료학회 2016 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.12 No.4

The fluctuation of Ga content and absorption layer thickness of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar modules is investigated by 3-dimensional numericalsimulation. The band gap of CIGS is increased by the increasing Gacontent, and the residual compressive strain. Strain effect worsens thedegradation of the power conversion efficiency of CIGS module in additionto Ga fluctuation. The intracell Ga fluctuation degrades the open circuitvoltage due to the minimum open circuit voltage in the parallelconfiguration, and also affects the short circuit current due to the Gadependentlight absorption. The intercell Ga fluctuation leads to a moresignificant degradation for CIGS solar module efficiency than the intracellGa fluctuation due to the additional degradation of the fill factor. Thethickness fluctuation has a small effect on open circuit voltage, but causesstrong degradation of short circuit current and fill factor, which leads to amore significant degradation on power conversion efficiency than Gafluctuation to the same fluctuation percentage. In reality, the thickness canbe tightly controlled within the fluctuation of 5% or less.

Core–shell ZIF-67(Co) wrapped CuO as high efficient peroxymonosulfate catalyst for the degradation of methylene blue

Zhu Wenjun,Zuo Xiaohua,Deng Xiangyi,Zhang Xinhao,Yao Chuang,Wang Xiaobo 한국탄소학회 2023 Carbon Letters Vol.33 No.2

Core–shell ZIFs wrapped CuO hybrid materials (CuO@ZIF-67(Co)) were designed, synthesized, characterized, and employed as peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activators to degrade methylene blue (MB). It demonstrated outstanding catalytic activity on account of the unique structure and the synergistic effect between CuO cores and ZIF-67(Co) shells, resulting in complete degradation of MB (10 mg/L) in 1 min. Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) research showed that both SO4− and OH were responsible for the removal of MB. The synergistic activation mechanisms in the CuO@ZIF-67(Co)/PMS system were investigated, which mainly involved the effective electron transfer of CuO and ZIF-67(Co) for accelerating the cycle of CuII/CuI and CoIII/CoII. This study broadens the application of MOF-derived materials for wastewater treatment.

Synthesis and Characterization of Compound Coupling Agent-Modified Hollow Glass Microspheres/Epoxy Composites

Zhaolin Zhu,Yin Liu,Guiyang Xian,Yan Wang,Chongmei Wu,Xiaobo Peng,Lingbing Kong 한국섬유공학회 2023 Fibers and polymers Vol.24 No.9

In this study, hollow glass microsphere/epoxy composites modified with compound coupling agent of titanate (CS201) and silane (KH540) were prepared and characterized. The addition of the compound coupling agent improves the interfacial bonding between the microbeads and the resin matrix. Scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the compound coupling agent can effectively reduce the number of voids between the microbeads and the resin. FTIR and XPS spectra showed that new chemical bonds were formed between the hollow glass microspheres and resin, which enhanced the interfacial bonding between them. By testing the water absorption and mechanical properties of the composites, it found that the addition of the hybrid coupling agent can reduce the water absorption to a minimum level of 1.184%. Due to the improvement of interfacial compatibility, mechanical properties of the composites were enhanced, (with tensile strength of 43.03 MPa, bending strength of 44.56 MPa, bending modulus of 1407 MPa and compressive strength of 81.55 MPa). When the content of the coupling agent was 5% and the volume ratio of CS201 to KH540 was 1:1, the synergistic enhancement effect was the most significant.

Effect of compound coupling agent treatment on mechanical property and water absorption of hollow glass microspheres/epoxy composite

Zhaolin Zhu,Yin Liu,Guiyang Xian,Yan Wang,Chongmei Wu,Xiaobo Peng,Jinxiang Wang,Lingbing Kong 한국고분자학회 2023 Macromolecular Research Vol.31 No.8

Hollow glass microspheres (HGMs), as a reinforcing material to prepare lightweight high-performance composites, have excellent mechanical properties. However, the composites prepared by simply mixing hollow glass microspheres with polymer resin have poor performance. In this study, compound coupling agent-modified HGM/EP composites were prepared by casting process with two silane coupling agents as compound coupling agents. Scanning electron microscopy and infrared (IR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the treated HGM. Meanwhile density, water absorption behavior, and mechanical properties of the modified HGM-filled epoxy composites were examined. It is found that the compound coupling agent could effectively improve the interfacial bonding between HGM and the matrix resin. A new chemical bond was formed between HGM and EP, which was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. Compared with their untreated counterparts, the composites treated with the complex coupling agent exhibited excellent mechanical properties, along with lower density and lower water absorption.

Notoginseng leaf triterpenes ameliorates mitochondrial oxidative injury via the NAMPT-SIRT1/2/3 signaling pathways in cerebral ischemic model rats

Fengwei Nan,Guibo Sun,Xiaobo Sun,Weijie Xie,Ting Zhu,Ping Zhou,Huibo Xu,Xiangbao Meng,Tao Ding The Korean Society of Ginseng 2023 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.47 No.2

Background: Due to the interrupted blood supply in cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS), ischemic and hypoxia results in neuronal depolarization, insufficient NAD+, excessive levels of ROS, mitochondrial damages, and energy metabolism disorders, which triggers the ischemic cascades. Currently, improvement of mitochondrial functions and energy metabolism is as a vital therapeutic target and clinical strategy. Hence, it is greatly crucial to look for neuroprotective natural agents with mitochondria protection actions and explore the mediated targets for treating CIS. In the previous study, notoginseng leaf triterpenes (PNGL) from Panax notoginseng stems and leaves was demonstrated to have neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, the potential mechanisms have been not completely elaborate. Methods: The model of middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) was adopted to verify the neuroprotective effects and potential pharmacology mechanisms of PNGL in vivo. Antioxidant markers were evaluated by kit detection. Mitochondrial function was evaluated by ATP content measurement, ATPase, NAD and NADH kits. And the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and pathological staining (H&E and Nissl) were used to detect cerebral morphological changes and mitochondrial structural damages. Western blotting, ELISA and immunofluorescence assay were utilized to explore the mitochondrial protection effects and its related mechanisms in vivo. Results: In vivo, treatment with PNGL markedly reduced excessive oxidative stress, inhibited mitochondrial injury, alleviated energy metabolism dysfunction, decreased neuronal loss and apoptosis, and thus notedly raised neuronal survival under ischemia and hypoxia. Meanwhile, PNGL significantly increased the expression of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in the ischemic regions, and regulated its related downstream SIRT1/2/3-MnSOD/PGC-1α pathways. Conclusion: The study finds that the mitochondrial protective effects of PNGL are associated with the NAMPT-SIRT1/2/3-MnSOD/PGC-1α signal pathways. PNGL, as a novel candidate drug, has great application prospects for preventing and treating ischemic stroke.

An Automatic Registration Methodfor AVHRR Remote Sensing Images

Ying Xia,Linjun Zhu,Xiaobo Luo,Hae Young Bae 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.9 No.8

Escherichia coli-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Deliver Galactose- 1-Phosphate Uridyltransferase and Yield Partial Protection against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in Mice

( Keji Quan ),( Zhuang Zhu ),( Sanjie Cao ),( Fei Zhang ),( Chang Miao ),( Xintian Wen ),( Xiaobo Huang ),( Yiping Wen ),( Rui Wu ),( Qigui Yan ),( Yong Huang ),( Xiaoping Ma ),( Xinfeng Han ),( Qin Z 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2018 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.28 No.12

In our previous studies, we have identified several in vivo-induced antigens and evaluated their potential as subunit vaccine candidates in a murine model, in which the recombinant protein GalT showed the most potent immunogenicity and immunoprotective efficacy against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. To exploit a more efficient way of delivering GalT proteins, in this study, we employed the widely studied E. coli outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as a platform to deliver GalT protein and performed the vaccine trial using the recombinant GalTOMVs in the murine model. Results revealed that GalT-OMVs could elicit a highly-specific, IgG antibody titer that was comparable with the adjuvant GalT group. Significantly higher lymphocyte proliferation and cytokines secretion levels were observed in the GalT-OMVs group. 87.5% and 50% of mice were protected from a lethal dose challenge using A. pleuropneumoniae in active or passive immunization, respectively. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses showed remarkably reduced pathological changes and infiltration of neutrophils in the lungs of mice immunized with GalT-OMVs after the challenge. Taken together, these findings confirm that OMVs can be used as a platform to deliver GalT protein and enhance its immunogenicity to induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice.

Study on the Environmental Governance and Transformation of Qingdao Based on the Circular Economy under the Background of Blue Economy

Liu Guanghu,Cui Tieyan,Zhu Xiaobo,Wang Lin,Wang Jing 한국도시행정학회 2013 한국도시행정학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2013 No.9

The subject research shows that the economic growth mode of Qingdao which is high energy-intensive, high-polluting and low-yielding is still an extensive economic growth mode. Meanwhile, Qingdao is lack of innovative capacity. Modern service industry development is not sufficient and the industrial structure of Qingdao is still dominated by secondary industry. The emissions of industrial waste gas, waste water and solid waste still show a trend of increasing. SWOT analysis proposes that strategic objectives of Qingdao is mainly making use of the marine science and technology innovation, promoting economic transformation and creating blue economy. The main routes of development contain the following points. (1) Coordinate the integrated development of land and sea linkage; (2) accelerating the blue economy industrial structure adjustment, change the city"s economic growth development model of resource consumption and environmental damage; (3) developing the renewable energy and implementing the development model of circular economy.

Suppression of Aurora-A oncogenic potential by c-Myc downregulation

Shangbin Yang,Shun He,Xiaobo Zhou,Mei Liu,Hongxia Zhu,Yihua Wang,Wei Zhang,Shuang Yan,Lanping Quan,Jingfeng Bai,Ningzhi Xu 생화학분자생물학회 2010 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.42 No.11

The abnormality of serine/threonine kinase Aurora-A is seen in many types of cancers. Although in physiological context it has been shown to play a vital role in cellular mitosis, how this oncogene contributes to tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that Aurora-A overexpression enhances both the expression level and transcriptional activity of c-Myc. The inhibition of c-Myc expression by RNA interference significantly impaired the oncogenic potential of Aurora-A, resulting in attenuated cellular proliferation and transformation rates as well as fewer centrosomal aberrations. Furthermore, downregulation of c-Myc effectively overcame Aurora-A-induced resistance to cisplatin in esophageal cancer cells. Taken together,our results suggest an important role for c-Myc in mediating the oncogenic activity of Aurora-A, which may in turn allow for future targeting of c-Myc as a potential therapeutic strategy for tumors with Aurora-A overexpression.

Activation of persulfate by UV and Fe²⁺ for the defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid

Song, Zhou,Tang, Heqing,Wang, Nan,Wang, Xiaobo,Zhu, Lihua Techno-Press 2014 Advances in environmental research Vol.3 No.3

Efficient defluorination of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was achieved by integrating UV irradiation and $Fe^{2+}$ activation of persulfate ($S_2O{_8}^{2-}$). It was found that the UV-$Fe^{2+}$, $Fe^{2+}-S_2O{_8}^{2-}$, and UV-$S_2O{_8}^{2-}$ processes caused defluorination efficiency of 6.4%, 1.6% and 23.2% for PFOA at pH 5.0 within 5 h, respectively, but a combined system of UV-$Fe^{2+}-S_2O{_8}^{2-}$ dramatically promoted the defluorination efficiency up to 63.3%. The beneficial synergistic behavior between $Fe^{2+}-S_2O{_8}^{2-}$ and UV-$S_2O{_8}^{2-}$ was demonstrated to be dependent on $Fe^{2+}$ dosage, initial $S_2O{_8}^{2-}$ concentration, and solution pH. The decomposition of PFOA resulted in generation of shorter-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs), formic acid and fluoride ions. The generated PFCAs intermediates could be further defluorinated by adding supplementary $Fe^{2+}$ and, $S_2O{_8}^{2-}$ and re-adjusting solution pH in later reaction stage. The much enhanced PFOA defluorination in the UV-$Fe^{2+}-S_2O{_8}^{2-}$ system was attributed to the fact that the simultaneous employment of UV light and $Fe^{2+}$ not only greatly enhanced the activation of $S_2O{_8}^{2-}$ to form strong oxidizing sulfate radicals ($SO{_4}^{\cdot-}$), but also provided an additional decarboxylation pathway caused by electron transfer from PFOA to in situ generated $Fe^{3+}$.