Influencer-driven loyalty: Understanding the mediating role of customer brand engagement in the relationship between social media influencers and brand loyalty

Ahmed Suhaib,Ghaffar Abdul,Zaheer Zaidi Syed Shahid,Islam Tahir,Khan Muhammad Mumtaz,Islam Fazila,Kincl Tomas,Sheikh Altaf Ahmed 한국마케팅과학회 2024 마케팅과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

Factors developing brand loyalty through social media influencers (SMIs) are immensely important to academics and marketing practitioners since it is a remarkable driver of organizational success. This research investigates the impact of SMIs homophily in developing customer brand engagement (CBE) and its impact on BL. We collected valid data from 412 respondents using laptop brands in Pakistan and used structural equation modeling to analyze the data. The findings indicate that the SMIs homophily is crucial in establishing CBE and BL. The results further show that CBE’s emotional and cognitive dimensions significantly mediate the relationship between SMIs homophily and BL. However, the emotional CBE has a stronger mediating impact on BL. The study provides valuable insights for brandmanagers to hire SMIs who resemble their fans to grab their loyalty toward the brand. This study unfolds new avenues in social media marketing, consumer behavior, and branding literature by understanding the association between SMIs homophily, CBE, and BL.

Reverse engineering and formulation by QBD of olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution

Zahid Zaheer Ahmed,Furquan Nazimuddin Khan,Darakhshan Afreen Shaikh 한국약제학회 2018 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.48 No.3

Reverse engineering of innovator product’s formulation is a cost-effective strategy for accelerating generic product development. The total market share for olopatadine hydrochloride (OLH) ophthalmic solution used as an antihistamine in US is nearly $230 million dollars. By using ‘Differential solubility technique’ and 32 factorial designs for separation of components, nine different batches were prepared. The separated quantities of OLH and excipients i.e. benzalkonium chloride (BKC), sodium chloride (NaCl) and sodium phosphate dibasic ( Na2HPO4) were 0.111, 0.01, 0.65 and 0.5 g respectively. Statistical analysis by ANOVA resulted significant model having P values <0.0001 for BKC and 0.0001 for OLH. X-ray diffraction study revealed that separated OLH was found to be polymorphic form A with characteristic 2θ values of 15.44°, 17.55°, 18.20°, 18.971°, 20.58°, 20.68°, 23.89°, 25.30°, 28.25°. The differential scanning calorimetry of OLH gave an endothermic peak at approximately 255 °C. The refractive index of separated BKC was 1.4. Based upon the reverse engineering data generic form of OLH was prepared with pH of 7.1 ± 0.3; osmolarity of 302 ± 1.5 mOsmol/l, assay of 99 ± 2% and viscosity of 0.9715 ± 0.12 pas. The prepared generic formulation of OLH is equivalent and stable with marketed formulation of OLH.

New approach to calculate Weibull parameters and comparison of wind potential of five cities of Pakistan

Ahmed Ali Rajput,Muhammad Daniyal,Muhammad Mustaqeem Zahid,Hasan Nafees,Misha Shafi,Zaheer Uddin Techno-Press 2022 Advances in energy research Vol.8 No.2

Wind energy can be utilized for the generation of electricity, due to significant wind potential at different parts of the world, some countries have already been generating of electricity through wind. Pakistan is still well behind and has not yet made any appreciable effort for the same. The objective of this work was to add some new strategies to calculate Weibull parameters and assess wind energy potential. A new approach calculates Weibull parameters; we also developed an alternate formula to calculate shape parameters instead of the gamma function. We obtained k (shape parameter) and c (scale parameter) for two-parameter Weibull distribution using five statistical methods for five different cities in Pakistan. Maximum likelihood method, Modified Maximum likelihood Method, Method of Moment, Energy Pattern Method, Empirical Method, and have been to calculate and differentiate the values of (shape parameter) k and (scale parameter) c. The performance of these five methods is estimated using the Goodness-of-Fit Test, including root mean square error, mean absolute bias error, mean absolute percentage error, and chi-square error. The daily 10-minute average values of wind speed data (obtained from energydata.info) of different cities of Pakistan for the year 2016 are used to estimate the Weibull parameters. The study finds that Hyderabad city has the largest wind potential than Karachi, Quetta, Lahore, and Peshawar. Hyderabad and Karachi are two possible sites where wind turbines can produce reasonable electricity.

SFRP Synthesis of Acenaphthylene Oligomers and Block Copolymers. Potential Light Harvesting Structures

Ali, Dildar,Ahmed, Zaheer,Dust, Julian M.,Kazmaier, Peter M.,Buncel, Erwin Korean Chemical Society 2011 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.32 No.7

Azo-acenaphthylene oligomers with repeating acenaphthylene units "n" up to 4, 5, 7, 17 and 19 have been prepared successfully using nitroxide mediated Stable Free Radical Polymerization (SFRP). Azo-acenaphthylene oligomers, reversibly end-capped by the stable nitroxide 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinoxyl (TEMPO), were further reacted via radical addition to 4-(naphthalenemethoxy)styrene monomer for diblock co-polymer formation. Characterization of the oligomers and diblock co-polymers was accomplished using MALDI-MS supported by GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) and $^1H$ NMR spectrometry. MALDI-MS afforded definitive results by providing an inter-peak interval of 152 (m/z), corresponding to acenaphthylene monomer, and inter-peak interval of 260 (m/z) for the naphthalenemethoxystyrene monomer unit in block copolymers. Our study opens the way to control the number of repeat units in the oligomers. Further these oligomers can be tailored with various monomers for the formation of block copolymers.

Response of double hinged articulated tower platforms to wind forces

Islam, Nazrul,Zaheer, Mohd Moonis,Ahmed, Suhail Techno-Press 2009 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.12 No.2

Articulated tower platforms due to its compliant nature are more susceptible to the dynamic effects of wind than conventional fixed platforms. Dynamic response analysis of a double hinged articulated tower excited by low frequency wind forces with random waves is presented in this paper. The exposed super structure of the platform, housing the drilling and production facilities is subjected to mean and fluctuating wind loads, while the submerged portion is acted upon by wind driven waves. The fluctuating component of the wind velocity is modeled by Emil Simiu's spectrum, while the sea state is characterized by Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum. Nonlinearities in the system due to drag force, added mass, variable submergence and instantaneous tower orientation are considered in the analysis. To account for these nonlinearities, an implicit time integration scheme (Newmark's-${\beta}$) has been employed which solves the equation of motion in an iterative fashion and response time histories are obtained. The power spectra obtained from random response time histories show the significance of low frequency responses.

Behavior and modeling of RC beams strengthened with NSM-steel technique

Md. Akter Hosen,Khalid Ahmed Al Kaaf,A.B.M. Saiful Islam,Mohd Zamin Jumaat,Zaheer Abbas Kazmi 국제구조공학회 2023 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.88 No.1

The reinforced concrete (RC) structures might need strengthening or upgradation due to adverse environmental conditions, design defects, modification requirements, and to prolong the expected lifespan. The RC beams have been efficiently strengthened using the near surface mounted (NSM) approach over the externally bonded reinforcing (EBR) system. In this study, the performance of RC beam elements strengthened with NSM-steel rebars was investigated using an experimental program and nonlinear finite element modeling (FEM). Nine medium-sized, rectangular cross-section RC beams total in number made up for the experimental evaluation. The beams strengthened with varying percentages of NSM reinforcement, and the number of grooves was assessed in four-point bending experiments up to failure. Based on the experimental evaluation, the load-displacement response, crack features, and failure modes of the strengthened beams were recorded and considered. According to the experimental findings, NSM steel greatly improved the flexural strength (up to about 84%) and stiffness of RC beams. The flexural response of the tested beams was simulated using a 3D non-linear finite element (FE) model. The findings of the experiments and the numerical analysis showed good agreement. The effect of the NSM groove and reinforcement on the structural response was then assessed parametrically.

Response of double hinged articulated tower platforms to wind forces

Nazrul Islam,Mohd Moonis Zaheer,Suhail Ahmed 한국풍공학회 2009 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.12 No.2

Articulated tower platforms due to its compliant nature are more susceptible to the dynamic effects of wind than conventional fixed platforms. Dynamic response analysis of a double hinged articulated tower excited by low frequency wind forces with random waves is presented in this paper. The exposed super structure of the platform, housing the drilling and production facilities is subjected to mean and fluctuating wind loads, while the ubmerged portion is acted upon by wind driven waves. The fluctuating component of the wind velocity is modeled by Emil Simiu’s spectrum, while the sea state is characterized by Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum. Nonlinearities in the system due to drag force, added mass, variable submergence and instantaneous tower orientation are considered in the analysis. To account for these nonlinearities, an implicit time integration scheme (Newmark’s-β) has been employed which solves the equation of motion in an iterative fashion and response time histories are obtained. The power spectra obtained from random response time histories show the significance of low frequency responses.

Purification and partial characterization of milk-clotting enzyme extracted from glutinous rice wine mash liquor

Yanping Wang,Qiaoling Cheng,Zaheer Ahmed,Xiaoxue Jiang,Xiaojia Bai 한국화학공학회 2009 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.26 No.5

Glutinous rice wine mash liquor is a traditional food of south of China and its ability to coagulate the milk has been proved. The aim of this work was to extract milk-clotting enzyme from glutinous rice wine mash liquor. A partial purified extract of enzyme was obtained by fractional precipitation with (NH4)2SO4. The fractions obtained by precipitation, 40-90% possessed the milk-clotting activity (MCA) (145.72 U/mg). The 40-90% (NH4)2SO4 fraction was further purified by sephadex G-100 and DEAE-sephadex A-50 with MCA (4,360±50 U/mg), which was confirmed by SDS-PAGE that showed only one band with a molecular mass of 36.0 kDa. Highest MCA was attained at 36℃. The enzyme was completely inactivated by heating for 20 min at 60℃. The MCA increased with the decreasing of milk pH from 8.0 to 5.5, and it was active at the wide range of pH 1 to 7. The metal ions Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mn2+, Al3+, Fe2+ had a very clear function to accelerate milk coagulation whereas Na+ and K+ decelerated the activity slightly. The curd effect of the milk-clotting enzyme has primarily been studied.

Flavonoid Glycosides from Prunus armeniaca and the Antibacterial Activity of a Crude Extract

Fahima Rashid,Rehana Ahmed,Azhar Mahmood,Zaheer Ahmad,Nazia Bibi,Shahana Urooj Kazmi 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.8

Investigations on the chemical constituents of the fruits of Prunus armeniaca have led to the isolation of two new flavonoid glycosides, 4',5,7-trihydroxy flavone-7-O-[β-D-mannopyranosyl (1'''→2'')]-β-D-allopyranoside (1) and 3,4',5,7-tetrahydroxy-3',5'-di-methoxy flavone 3-O-[α-Lrhamnopyranosyl (1'''→6'')]-β-D-galactopyranoside (2), from the butanolic fraction of the fruits. The butanolic extract exhibited antibacterial activity against both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. The structures of these compounds were elucidated through spectral studies, including 2D-NMR (COSY, NOESY, J-resolved), HMQC and HMBC experiments.

A Broadband High Gain Planar Vivaldi Antenna for Medical Internet of Things (M-IoT) Healthcare Applications

Permanand, Soothar,Hao, Wang,Zaheer Ahmed, Dayo,Falak, Naz,Badar, Muneer,Muhammad, Aamir International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.12

In this paper, a high gain, broadband planar vivaldi antenna (PVA) by utilizing a broadband stripline feed is developed for wireless communication for IoT systems. The suggested antenna is designed by attaching a tapered-slot construction to a typical vivaldi antenna, which improves the antenna's radiation properties. The PVA is constructed on a low-cost FR4 substrate. The dimensions of the patch are 1.886λ₀×1.42λ₀×0.026λ₀, dielectric constant Ɛ_r=4.4, and loss tangent δ=0.02. The width of the feed line is reduced to improve the impedance bandwidth of the antenna. The computed reflection coefficient findings show that the suggested antenna has a 46.2% wider relative bandwidth calculated at a 10 dB return loss. At the resonance frequencies of 6.5 GHz, the studied results show an optimal gain of 5.82 dBi and 85% optimal radiation efficiency at the operable band. The optometric analysis of the proposed structure shows that the proposed antenna can achieve wide enough bandwidth at the desired frequency and hence make the designed antenna appropriate to work in satellite communication and medical internet of things (M-IoT) healthcare applications.